But you know, it brings life to these bones. And jason cerf lumen, professor of history at Brigham Young university, talks about 33 mormon families establish the settlement of provo in 1849. This weekend, whats the cspan cities tour of provo, utah, at 2 p. M. , on the cspan cities tour on cspan3. The cspan cities tour, working with our cable affiliates and visiting cities across the country. Announcer Nina Allender was the political cartoonist for the National Womens party from 1914 until 1927, contributing over 150 cartoons supporting the campaign for womens suffrage. Next, we visit the belmont paul National Womens equality monument to see her work. Jennifer my name is jennifer krafchik. I am Deputy Director and director of Strategic Initiatives at the belmont paul womens Equality National ument, which was formally formerly a museum on capitol hill in washington, d. C. This house was the fifth and final headquarters of the National Womens party. The National Party was hounded by a woman named alice paul in 1913 as the Congressional Union for womens suffrage. This group of women spent seven years actively lobbying the president and congress for a federal suffrage amendment. At which time, once the received the amendment in 1920, they began, they wrote and began lobbying for the equal rights amendment. During the period where they were lobbying for suffrage, they were working all over the country actively garnering support from western women voters and bringing the fight directly to the president s doorstep. They had headquarters over on on Lafayette Square where they could walk out their door and be right at the president s doorstep in a matter of minutes. And they began picketing the white house, one of the first groups to do so, when the United States entered world war i in 1917. At that time, the pickets at the white house were quite peaceful, but they turned ugly when crowds watching the women picket the white house believed their behavior to be unpatriotic, so crowds would throw things at the women, converge on them and tear the banners from their hands. And in june of 1917, the women began being arrested on charges of obstructing traffic, and they were taken to prison and sentenced to anywhere from three days to six months. And they were imprisoned at the district prison here in washington, d. C. , and at the prison in virginia at the occoquan workhouse. They were not treated like political prisoners. They were treated like any other prisoners, often thrown into their cells, oftentimes their hands handcuffed above them. And they began protesting that treatment and went on Hunger Strike and were forcefed. Because of their activities, there was a lot of press around what was happening to them, which ended up garnering a lot of public sympathy for their cause. And in 1919, thanks to not only the work of the National Womens party, but other suffrage organizations working for similar goals, the federal amendment was passed by both houses of congress and sent to the states for ratification. And in 1920, it was ratified by all 36 states and became law. By 1921 and 1922, the National Womens party, believing that suffrage was only the first step in a manystep process to achieve full womens equality, began working on the equal rights amendment. Alice paul and a woman named Crystal Eastman presented the document to the party in 1923. And from that time, they worked for legal, social, and economic equality for women throughout the United States and later, throughout the world. They worked for the equal rights amendment from the south from 1923 until 1997, when they became a 501 c 3 . And today, we work to preserve our outstanding collection of women suffrage and equal rights artifacts and educate the public about this movement and the stories about this community of women who worked for total equality for women. The belmontpaul house is named after alice paul, our original founder, and alva belmont. Belmont was the benefactor and president of the party for many years, and its because of her that we have such a large collection of books, scrapbooks, artifacts, and many other objects that allow us to tell this story. Now, we are upstairs, and we are going to talk about our collection of political cartoons by the National WomensParty Official cartoonist, Nina Allender. The National Womens party was the only party to boast an official cartoonist, and her work appeared on the cover of their publication the suffragist for more than 10 years. Allender grew up in kansas. She was born in 1872. And her family actually moved to washington, d. C. Around 1900. Her mother was one of the first women employees at the department of the interior. And allender studied painting at the Corcoran School of art here in washington dc with the intention of becoming an art here in d. C. , with the intention of becoming an art teacher. She was a painter and loved to paint, and that was a big part of her identity. But she also worked for the Government Land office, so she recognized that painting would not pay the bills. She was president of the d. C. Branch of the National American women suffrage association, and when alice paul came in 1912 with the intention of lobbying for the federal amendment, allender watched first with interest in this new woman. There is a great biography in one of the early biographies of the National Womens party where allender and her mother receive alice paul at their house. Both of them are very interested in the womens Suffrage Movement, and they are eager to hear from this woman who they claim was about as big as their finger, walking into their house. And the story goes that by the time alice paul left, they had committed both time and money to the Suffrage Movement and the Congressional Union without realizing what they had actually committed to or how this little woman had managed to convince them to begin lobbying for the federal amendment. And allender all of a sudden was an active member of this party, working for the federal suffrage amendment. So i think she always sort of looked around in amazement at alice pauls negotiating and strategic way of convincing people to not only work for the movement, but also to give money. Allender began her career as the cartoonist of the National Womens party. Her first work appeared in 1914. One of the interesting things about her early work is that a lot of it focused on poverty, child labor, the exploitation of women, and labor legislation. And so, her first work appeared on the cover of the suffragist in june, 1914. From then on, there was no looking back. She did more than 150 cartoons over seven years. They appeared almost weekly, and like most political cartoons, they were a commentary on ongoing political issues. They were the news of the week with great attention to how that news impacted or was influenced by what was happening in the Suffrage Movement. Here is one of her early works. This is one of my favorite pieces actually in the museum. This is called the inspiration of the suffrage workers. And you can see how she is commenting on a lot of different ideas in this piece. She is talking about the importance of the vote as a way of changing the condition of the women. You see the Woman Holding her child, and her other little girl is standing, sitting in the street playing with a cat and there is trash surrounding her. This is obviously in an impoverished area. Allender often especially in these early pieces was commenting on how the vote would change the ability for women to earn their children, and move up in society in a way not having the right to vote or any voice in the laws that were being made would allow them to do. Now we are going to make our way into the gallery. In our collection today, we have about 170 of allenders original works. One of the only known collections of her works in the country. As far as i know, no other museum has any of her paintings or any of her other works either. So beginning in 1914, as i said, she was doing a lot of work on the condition of women. But as the Suffrage Movement progressed and as the Womens National movement increased, they began a strategy they called holding the party in power responsible. At that time, it was the Democratic Party led by Woodrow Wilson. So allenders work often pinpointed symbols of the Democratic Party and more importantly, the main symbol of the party, which was the president. In this piece, this is called fairy godmother wilson, and it was published on the cover on december 4, 1914. You can obviously see allender is utilizing the fairytale cinderella to make commentary about the power wilson wielded over the improvement and condition of women and over the laws of the country as well. President wilson is playing fairy godmother. This woman is cinderella. And in between, you see the pumpkin is the constitutional amendment and the mice is the senate and house. President wilson is casting a spell to make it possible for her to use her constitutional amendment to vote for those who represent her. A lot of commentary about president wilsons power. Just as an aside here in the background, you see the proud voting sisters. This is indicating the fact women in many western states at that point had the right to vote. The National Womens party would ultimately start pinpointing those women to help vote as a block and try to vote the Democratic Party out of office. The title of this cartoon is lest we forget. And one of the things that is important to know about the party in general and the way allenders work reflected this idea is that the National Womens party always paid tribute to those considered mothers of the Suffrage Movement. And that included, in particular, susan b. Anthony. This cartoon is featuring a line of women paying tribute to susan b. Anthony, who died before the federal suffrage amendment was passed, but who actually introduced the original amendment in 1875. You can see a group of women and children. You can see women who are college graduates. You see this little tag here that says voter indicating western women voters who had the right to vote, and then you see a lone woman walking up the steps of the capital, and that was in 1875 when susan b. Anthony first introduced that amendment. The intent of this is to demonstrate how far we have come but how long we still have to go. This was fairly common for the National Womens party and for allender also to pay tribute to these original suffragists and all of the work and Progress Women have made, but also reminding their members how far they still had to go. And then we circle over to this cartoon. This cartoon called our hat is in the ring. And it was drawn and published on april 8, 1916. This cartoon is particularly representative of allenders belief that women needed to be presented with authority, strength, and control. She created an image she called the allender girl. And this woman was a different image than a lot of people saw, particularly in images of suffragists and how women had appeared in the press and the time. Oftentimes, political cartoonists would mock the political Suffrage Movement by making women looked haggard or ugly or fraught in some way, and allender turns that on its head and creates a youthful, invigorated, intelligent woman. You can see in this image in particular shes very slender, her skirt is above her ankles, which is quite different at the time. You kind of see the changing face of fashion at that time as well. Her hands are on her hips, and she throws her hat into the ring of politics. Here you can see her hat says the womens party. You can see these comical images of a progressive, a democrat, and a republican all looking in wonderment at this woman who is very strongly standing there saying, i am moving in. The importance of this cartoon is the National Womens party was originally founded as the Congressional Union for womens suffrage, and they actually changed their name to the womens party in june of 1916. This is published in april 1916, and you can see them predicting what is about to happen within their party. The womens party was an important name, because at times, they grappled with the idea of going beyond lobbying for the federal amendment to actually becoming an active political player in the same vein as a democrat or a republican. This cartoon is called changing fashions. She used to be satisfied with so little. Published on march 13, 1915, this is again an opportunity to comment on how they were targeting congress at this time and showcasing this is actually talking about so many different things. Not only are they targeting congress, but you see the Woman Holding out her skirt saying National Constitutional amendment in a very grand, ruffly skirt shes holding out, but she is also wearing a hat wearing a hat that shows new york, pennsylvania, new jersey and massachusetts, all states that were voting on suffrage referendums in 1915. This is a way of lobbying for those states to receive municipal suffrage. And then on her skirt, she has West Virginia and iowa, states that may have been voting at that time. But she is holding out the skirt, constitutional amendment, and the congressman is looking at her in bewilderment saying , she used to be satisfied with so little. Ucl under focusing on that federal amendment but also talking about how this continued to be state by state by state. And her work reflects that in other ways too. As they approach the ratification of the amendment, allenders work began increasingly to reflect the idea that states were still having to ratify this amendment, and that that could be a process that could hold them up. In 1919, the National Womens party created a banner in which they started sewing stars. So for every state that ratified a suffrage amendment, they would sew a star on the banner. By 1920, they had 36 states on the banner. The day suffrage was passed, there is this iconic image of alice paul unfurling the banner at headquarters and showing it for all the members. We no longer know what happened to that banner, but we are hoping somebody has it in their attic somewhere. There is also a great allender cartoon that shows them sewing the stars on the banner. Her work is continuing to reflect the state movement while also showing the federal movement as well. This cartoon is called american justice. It was published on june 1, 1918. The interesting thing about this cartoon, this is another instance of allender taking the imagery of democracy and of patriotism, certainly this is obviously uncle sam standing and turning it on its head a little bit. This is a very powerful image. You are seeing uncle sam standing in front of this bound, gagged helpless woman, and he is holding up a bouquet of flowers. He is saying american women, you are our inspiration, you give us our soldiers, you conserve our food, you work in our munitions factory, you serve our sick and wounded. Accept this bouquet. You see her bound with unequal rights, unequal wages, and this kindly omit flowers robe. These are issues women still continue to grapple with today, and this image is one of many that allender used where she featured uncle sam, the democratic donkey, the republican elephant, and other typical images of democracy to showcase how contradictory our country was toward women. Particularly during world war i, these women really focused on the fact that president wilson was lobbying for democracy abroad while not doing so here in the United States, and we are going to look at other cartoon that shows that issue. We are going to move over here. This cartoon is called insulting the president , and it was published on june 2, 1917. In january of 1917, the National Womens party began picketing the white house through a sustained act of nonviolent protest. And they were among the first group ever to this. Every day, these women would stand in front of the White House Holding their banners that would basically speak for them, saying, mr. President , how long must women wait for liberty, and talking about democracy in this country, and using president wilsons speeches and his words to show again the contradictory nature of the direction of the United States. In april 1917, we entered world world war i, and then their banners became a little bit more problematic. They were seen as unpatriotic. And this particular cartoon was, like i said, published in june of 1917, just before women started to be arrested. This particular cartoon shows our allender girl again, the skirt kind of up above the ankle. This is how women dressed when they were standing standing at the white house, so it reflects the reality of how they were on a daily basis and then you see the banner that she is holding is a quote from a speech written by president wilson saying we shall fight for the things have always carried nearest