Welcome to nashville, tennessee on American History tv. In the 19 century, it earned the souththe athens of the because of its reputation as a wealthy and refined southern city. Today, nashville is known for its ties to Country Music. With the help of our Comcast Cable partners, we will exhibit two exhibits at the Country Music hall of fame and museum. One about music raging political gaps in the 1960s and another about the origins of Country Music in nashville. Now call Country Music comes from the confluence of the fiddle that came over from ireland and the banjo that came over in the minds of african slaves. Resultose combined, the was the music that came to be called Country Music. It was not originally centered in nashville. It was in large part a radio. Tation this year later, visit the Civil Rights Movement at the Nashville Public Library and learn how nashville became a model city for integration in the south. It was the only methodical and Strategic Movement led by students in the community. Wake up ins didnt 1960 and decide to change the world. They had been training in nonviolent techniques for a time such as this. We visit the hermitage, the home of Andrew Jackson and look at a new exhibit on americas seventh president. We are in the museum in the Andrew Jackson center and our jacksonabout andrew exhibit is called born for the storm. Is the most extensive exhibit we have done. The title comes from a jackson was warned for a storm and a calm does not suit me. That could not better encapsulate the life of Andrew Jackson. We have entered into the exhibit and im standing next to the model of two log buildings, here for a very specific purpose. It is reminiscent of the kind of House Jackson may have inborn in in South Carolina in 1767. What is interesting is the areer building next to it two buildings here at the hermitage. The larger building is the one andrew and rachel lived in for the first 17 years. It was built in 1797. Its the oldest building on the site. The building after they moved here in 1804, half of which was the kitchen for the log house and the other half was a labor where the cook lived. Over here, the large panel lays out jackson possibly early life. He was our first president who was the son of immigrants. His parents came to north america from Northern Ireland in 1765. Just a couple of weeks for jackson was born, so he never knew his father but was raised with his mother and two brothers in an aunt and uncles home and treated somewhat like a servant. That contributed to his nature. He was born on the frontier, the first president not from one of the virginia aristocratic families or from massachusetts. He was largely self taught in his ability to communicate and his ability to express his ideas grew over the course of his life. Writer andrceful direct, not unlike his speaking voice. But acessarily eloquent, forceful writer with greater clarity as his life went on. The panels you see here talk about the origins of the war of 1812 and the war gave jackson the opportunity to put himself on the national stage. Before 1812, jackson had achieved a level of prominence in tennessee and helped to write the first Tennessee State constitution and was our first congressman from tennessee. But it was the war of 1812 that was a springboard for him to national recognition. Was perhaps not the best conceived war in our nations history and as the panel here graphically shows, it was a sort of grudge match between Great Britain and the United States. The panel is from a political cartoon at the time. Outident monroe is punching king george of england and king george has a black eye and bloody nose. Pause whenme great it was proposed that we use it, but people 11 because it so graphically illustrate what the americans intentions were with that war. The purpose of this panel is to help remind americans today that orleans was aew vital city to the growing america. As the United States was developing, the Allegheny Mountains run parallel to the east coast here. For the settlement and people moving into the area between the mountains and mississippi river, new orleans became the exit point for all the goods they produced. So new orleans was a choke point, a point of exit and entry that was of great importance to the Economic Growth of the country and, as Thomas Jefferson said in his request for congress to approve the louisiana purchase, whoever owns new orleans that isnt us is our enemy. By late 1814, americas interest and focus as well as the british focus was on new orleans and waiting to see what was going to happen as the british were sailing across the gulf of mexico and jackson was moving orleans,s to new assembling a ragtag army of american regulars am a volunteer militiamen from tennessee and kentucky, creels, native new orleans who were not quite certain which country they had an allegiance to get. Pirates. Hman and even on the Early Morning of january 8, the battle finally takes place. Through some miscommunications by the british, they are put into a vulnerable position of having to attack jacksons fortifications in a battle that lasts somewhere between 35 and 50 minutes. Jacksons severely outnumbered troops have a stunning victory. Jackson had almost 5400 men altogether. The british had almost 8500 men at the battle. Jackson ended up with a total number of casualties, teen of the disparity of casualties guns the nation. It reaffirmed americas relief that this country existed because of the hand of divine reachinge, yet again in and ensuring the country would survive. It gave the europeans a newfound respect for what they had up to then considered a flybynight experiment in selfgovernment. We wanted to give young people in particular a sense of how popular jackson was and we use the term rockstar because theres no other term we could come up with that letter characterized him in the modern mind. As soon as the war was over, jackson was given a chairman this number of honors. Honor. Are struck in his people want uses of his hair and jackson is given a number of ceremonial swords that would be ,he highest type of recognition you see here one of the ceremonial swords that he received. Jewelry. S given there were pamphlets, songs and poems written about jackson and the battle of new orleans. Thate looking at a panel the takes his first president ial campaign. There were four principal candidates in the campaign. Andrew jackson, John Quincy Adams, William Crawford and henry clay. Clay hated each other through the remainders of each others lives. Jackson won the most number of popular votes but did not win the majority of votes. Then the remainder were divided between John Quincy Adams, henry number four. Fords not a majority opinion and the Electoral College they did some worse trading. This is called the corrupt clay supposedly approached adams and said i would give you my vote if you promise to make me secretary of state and you get elected president. Place, the house of representatives elected John Quincy Adams president and jackson lost out. Theson was furious and felt will of the people, the most number of people voted for him as opposed to the other candidates. As a result of this worse trading, the peoples will has been had been circumvented by the aristocratic washington. Jacksons loss in the , jackson and his supporters determined he was not going to lose a second time. Yearsnt the first building friendship and support from the state legislatures and the average citizens across the country. Prepared tokson was go to combat with John Quincy Adams for the presidency. This part is called the political circus political circuit and it is to give people a chance to see the cacophony of voices and opinions going on in 1828. There are songs written about jackson and things that were said in the press and spoken about him both pro and con. To help people understand these were not reserved and every bit the 21st century. There was concern about him having been a military chieftain and jackson had fought in a dual. He had several of his military shot for what he considered he had a complicated background as well as not being a political insider. By the same token, the average american saw this man as someone who was for filling americas promise. He came from a very humble background and had eight himself i12 through determination through will, through perseverance, through his faith. Jackson has a landslide entry, but the casualties include his wife, rachel. They had a complicated beginning to their marriage. She was already married to another man. She marries jackson, they discover her first husband had eightt divorced her and gave him grounds to proceed with a divorce and they had to remarry. That beginning affected the rest of both of their lives. During the campaign, jackson understood she would become an issue. She stayed at the hermitage for a great deal of the campaign knowing a little bit of what was going on, but there were pamphlets and newspaper articles written about her. She was a topic of conversation at a time when women of this social status were not talked about in the same way and her reputation questioned and how man. You elect a jackson one about two weeks after he was declared victor. He suffered a heart attack and died five days later. The display case is a veil made by rachel by a group of her friends who were putting a wardrobe together for her to take to washington and coaching her on how to behave in that society. In script at the bottom is jackson, each letter in a different style. Clearly, she never got to where it because she never made it to washington. Technically, she was never first lady. One of the things im really proud about here is we pride ourselves on telling the whole story on jackson. There is nothing we shy away from and we have a we embrace controversies. Jackson had nothing but controversy. The one most people are aware of removal ormerican the indian removal act of 1830. The reaction had always been a touchy one starting from the founding of the country. In typical fashion, jackson ended up being the guy who pushed native american removal as part of his program. The majority of this country and Congress Approved engineering removal. The majority of americans saw this as a positive thing at the land inopen up more particular. One of the other wellknown topics of jacksons presidency is what is today called the bank war. Holdank was created to federal funds that had been collected through taxes. Of credit. Jor source believed, and theres strong evidence to some word that the bank was using its influence to buy votes in congress and jackson saw this as a corporation using its influence to protect itself and disadvantaging the average citizen and that government was implicit in prejudicing the average citizen against the wealthy and wellconnected. The bank war became a clash of wills between Andrew Jackson and nicholas itll who was president of the bank. Yet great power and influence in these two men were unwilling to back down. Jackson basically battle the bank and the many heads are the boards of trustees of the bank. Course, through the basically destroyed the bank and is often criticized about his attitude toward paper currency. What we dont remember today is that in jacksons time and not an till the 20th century, the federal government did not issue paper currency. It did not have the backing of the federal government and often times have little value. Jacksons attitude about paper his experienceom at having lost money, but the fact he believed gold coin or silver coin represented true value. Ist you see to my left jacksons carriage. He purchased this for himself while he was president and this is what he used to ride around washington dc. At the end of his presidency, he had it shipped back here and used it at the hermitage. Aparts nothing we have from jacksons mentioned that received the status he to having a carriage of this type in the last years of his life. After the presidency entering the presidency, jackson was one of the most popular man in the United States. Two thirds of the country adored him and one third hated him. No one was ever ambivalent about jackson but he maintained that level of popularity. He was seen at this he was seen as the next George Washington and we contend he should not be forgotten because he played a major role in inspiring the common man and help ring the country see the possibility of everyone having a voice in this democratic government. All weekend, American History tv is featuring nashville tennessee. Staffspan tennessee tour visited many sites nashville was founded as a permanent home in 1779 and was originally part of North Carolina. More about nashville all weekend here on American History tv. I think it ranks right up mountt wert in vernon or monticello. It speaks to a man of significant wealth. Jackson is considered to be one of our wealthiest president s. Its an eight thousand square foot house. , youu were coming here would have an very impressed by ehouse of this magnitude. Andrew jackson and rachel. Rought this property it was originally 425 acres in size. Next 41 years of jacksons life, he added land to the property he bought and sold. Thehe time he died in 1845, plantation was about 1050 acres. Jackson understood that clearly part of your power derives from the stage you are on and they were building a grand stage for him. The front is very grand. Called greek revival which was the height of style and eight teen 30s. We think of jackson as representing the style and it appealed to americans because of the greek democracies. As you approach the driveway, its shaped like a guitar. The front of the mention, you see a twostory portico that ran across the house of the galaxy it is clearly very aateoftheart 41835, just very imposing house. Nucleusan building the in 1819 and their financial position had turned around specifically and they were ready to build a house of this size. Was moved in in 1821 and it basically the same building as this. Rachel died in 1828 and in the , the house was expanded and at one point, the house burned. Is center hallan on both floors and in four rooms, to on each side of the hallway and a stairway in the center hall. Flyingme, you see the stairway that we have today that while jackson was here. The contention was you were supposed to go wow, or whatever the 1838 version was. Tall,ilings are 14 feet the rich moldings, the crystal chandelier, the wallpaper. Today, when you go into someones house, people will have things sitting out to tell you about their style and taste and thats the same here. The house went through three phases. Constructing the original house. Jackson is elected president , rachel dies and his son is grown and married. They had two wings to the house and one is a large dining room to accommodate the nurse that they had here. The other ends up being jacksons library. It very balanced. In octoberok place of 1834 and it was a chimney fire. The chimneys had not then proper youee cleaned and clearly would use these in fireplaces all the time. This one happened to be in the chimney. At that time, the house had a cedar roof. The next thing you know, you are off to the races. They called in slaves from the field and were able to empty some of the second floor, but most of it was lost, including s project. Even today, we know little about badly for the house was damaged. His wife and grandchildren had to move out. Years tolmost two rebuild the house. But the final result was the far grander impressive, some might call it pretentious house than the one before. Even when they lived in the visit andrewould and rachel jackson. Lafayette came when he was traveling to the United States. Aaron burr came after he was vice president. Martin van buren, james k. Polk on house, especially during the president ial years, the house was filled with visitors all the time. If you were a dignitary coming to visit, you would have come to the front door because you were an important person. You would have been greeted by a short woman named hannah who was head of the house and kind of rule the roost. She would invite you to come in and size you up and decide how important you are. Clearly you are important because you would come to the front door. Did not know general jackson, you would have been escorted into the front parlor and been allowed to wait for him there. He would have been laying out objects that would show you what an important man you are about to meet. Jackson would let you wait in the front parlor long enough so that you could absorb this and have a sense that this is a big deal guy im about to meet. Then he would tell you about the battle of new orleans, which was the pivot point in his life. Spendory is he would longer telling about the battle than an accident fight. Inantle in the dial the dining room made of hickory wood with the bark still on it. The story is a legend that has come to us from the family man whole was made by a served under jackson at the battle of new orleans and each year, he worked on the mantle only on january 8, which is the anniversary of the battle. Since 1840. Re is thek the dining room important place. The two most significant rooms have the adjoining library and to me, thats the beating heart of the house. The library was the local epicenter. In his retirement years, jackson never wanted to give up eating president , so hes continually firing off letters to subsequent president s and two people in Congress Making sure they were following on policies. Had jackson endorsing you to run for any office or to get a bill passed and had jacksons endorsement, very like