Mr. Ambassador, in the run up to the recent u. S. China strategic and economic dialogue, there were a lot of press reports of the several issues that would be on the table. One of those included the ongoing solar panel dispute and resulting poly silicone tariffs from china. However in the fact sheets that came out, theres emphasis on steel and some of the other issues. But i saw no mention of the solar issue. I was just wondering if you could give us a status report on where that stands. Thank you. We did discuss it while i was there. Weve continued to discuss the issue. Its a long standing outstanding dispute. Its something we would like to try to find a way of settling and our discussions will continue. And ill see him in shanghai in a couple of weeks. A question over here in the back and then well take the one in the front. Hi. Ken biddler. This week president obama is going for the summit. Canada has not taken a position on the tpp. Its the only of 12 countries to have not stated whether it intends to ratify or not. Do you think it would be helpful for canada to join with mexico and the United States to make a strong statement about the tpp . Would that help with the ratification process here in the United States and secondly, do you think thats likely . Well tpp was negotiated under the Previous Administration in canada. And when the Trudeau Administration came in, they made clear that he wanted to go through a robust consultation process around the country, different sectors and different parts of the country to make sure they had the input of a wide range of stakeholders before moving forward with tpp. And thats the process theyre undergoing. We respect that decision. We respect that process. And i dont think it has significant impacts here in the yees on congresss consideration of tpp. Okay. Right here. Im looking at this from a different perspective. My name is martin apple. Im a scientist from a representationing a large number of scientists. When we look at these kinds of things, we would say at some point if youve got a whole bunch of people who agree on something and who doesnt and you were to make a decision that the whole bunch of people who agree could go ahead and do something and the one who doesnt would have a choice of either joining at the stage they are or pulling out and see if they can negotiate a better deal by themselves. Would that be a feasible option . Are you referring to the wto . Tpp. And canada . No. Ours. The agriculture. I see. So tpp the intent is for all 12 country to join together. We have procedures that are negotiated for that. If at the end of the day not all and all of the tpp countries are in the process of going through their respective domestic approval processes. Some are further along in terms of ratifying it. All of them are engaged in the process now. If all 12 countries are not ready to approve it, there are provisions for a subset of the countries, six countries representing 85 of the gdp represented by the tpp country to go ahead and bring it into force. That effectively means that u. S. And japan need to be part of the group that brings it into force but we dont have to wait for all of the countries. Some of them are going more slowly. Good morning. Im paul appleguard. Come back to china and you mentioned in your opening remarks the challenges that it faces. I think actually the first speaker this morning didnt accept the changes as inevitable. When i look at whats going on, the tightening of the domestic and whats going on in the south china sea, those look like changes in tone and they dont look like positive changes in tone. Have you seen the same kind of thing happening in your negotiation with chinese around trade or not or have those continued pretty much the way they were prior, in the last couple of years. I think we see a set of mixed data points. On the positive side, as bill is asking, i think theyre quite sirius about bilateral investment treaty process. I think theres a lot of senior level attention being paid to it to bring different parts of their government and committee in to try and chart a path forward there and they seem to generally want to use it as a way of helping to drive reform in parts of their economy. Whether or not we get to that necessary high standards remains to be seen but i do think theyre serious about putting effort into that process. At the same time you go back and look at the statements coming out a few years ago, very forward leaning about reform. You look at the statements about soe reforms a few years ago and its been less certain the degree to which those have been followed up on and implemented. The record is rather mixed and that affects the trade negotiations as well. Hello, am bbassadoambassador. Continuing on the subject of china, i was out there at the same time as you, involved in some of the track two discussions and i once conducted the Political Part of the political and economic dialogue. To me, at least in the securities sphere, and probably economic, it seems Going Forward in the next decades. Im not talking about just tomorrow. That the more we can work with china to accomplish global objectives the more likely were to be successful. An the converse of that proposition is that if were in serious disagreement of particular questions, then its going to be hard to get things done on a global scale. Im thinking of the wonderful exam. Of the climate agreement that we reached bilaterally and then accomplished in paris. Do you believe in adopting an inclusive approach to china in thinking about the future of the Global Economic system . And then how do the things that youve been working on in the past few years, if you agree with that proposition, advance us towards that goal thats a very good question. The answer is yes and i think as the second largest economy in the world and by some measure the first largest trading economy in the world, china has a Significant National interest in the health and strength of the Global Trading system. And we need them to take on responsibilities commence rate with their role in the global economy. That was one of the driving forces between the g20. Certainly one of the driving forces of our efforts within the wto and other trade negotiation to engage with china and urge them to play a leadership role in some of these areas. Take the Information Technology agreement negotiation. It was stuck for a long time. We reached a bilateral deal with china. It took perhaps longer than it should have to reach the deal. But once that was done, we were able to bring the other parties along and reach an agreement. Were trying to do the same thing now in terms of engagement with the chinese on the environment disagreement. We have countries representing 90 of the goods market ready to move ahead with an agreement to eliminate tariffs on a whole bunch of goods, good for the economy and the environment. No country would benefit more than china as a country that desperately needs the disburgs to deal with its environmental challenges. Were urging china to come to the table and be an active party to lead the negotiation to conclusion. So the last one, wto, were always encouraging them. And they played an Important Role at niairobi along with a handful of other country to help guide that process. Fund given the political realities of the election, if the tpp could be all of nothing in the lame duck session, are you going to wait for them rather than try to get politicians to commit themselves before the election . Were working day in and day out. With the leadership, the committees, individual member to lay the foundation. Obviously its a challenging political agreement. Trade agreements are always hard, theyre always close. And if this environment is of course presents its own unique challenges. Were working on the hill with individual members and feel very good about those conversations, that the necessary support will be there whenever the leadership determines that the appropriate window is open. Lets give mike a big hand for the work hes doing. Thank you. [ applause ] thank you, ambassador. Thank you bill. Two straight shooters, refreshing. Happen my now that were moving into our segment of the program on global challenges and solutions which features folks who are real movers and shakers in the world of Sustainable Development. Were happy to have helene gayle, eric postel and Craig Steffensen. The segment is moderated by scott mayor ris who has been a Committee Member since he left his days at treasury and now a senior fellow at the center for Global Development. Also director of the rethinking u. S. Development policy initiative that seek to broaden the u. S. s approach to development. And he works on the remgs between the ifis and the United States. With that, scott, ill leave it to you. Well, thank you randy. Let me start with format. Were going to be having a conversation here, not formal remarks from the podium. I want to briefly introduce what is an intel lent panel. Im pleased and looking forward to hearing their insights on the broad topic of Global Development. Im going to try my best to do a few minutes of framing the issues before i turn to them for some questions and then turn to you all for some questions. So let me start to my left. Eric postel, associate administrator for the United States agency for International Development confirmed by the u. S. Senate in 2011. And prior to his service as a senior official in this administration, really a distinguished career in the private sector and really doing Development Finance from the private side in a way that really speak to how i think a. I. D. Is changing its approach cost as development policy. Dr. Helene gayle, newly coe of mckinsey social initiative. Looking guard to hearing about that. And comes from mckinsey, a leading humanitarian organization, before that leadership positions at the cdc, bill and linda gates foundation. And finally Craig Steffensen who has the challenging task of representing the Asian Development bank here in washington. Both the United States and canada but you know from where i sit with the u. S. Focus, a lot on his plate in the engagement with the u. S. Government, particularly at a time well talk more about this. But at a time when the Development Bank and the Asian Development bank in particular of change, of a shifting landscape of new actors. And craig is really central in the u. S. Engagement in all of that. Prior to that position really an impressive career at the bank, including leading engagements in areas challenging themselves as afghanistan and recently the banks engagement with myanmar, really an interesting case. So those are impressive speakers and really impressive both not only if in their own backgrounds but the diversity they represent in this development enterprise. I hope we can explore more of that. Let me just try to, in two minutes, try to lay out what i see as big issues in the Development Landscape and hope to get your reaction as a first question on this set of issues. And i do want the say, because this is Bretton Woods, that its important and perhaps this sounds a little defensive but were saying the imf, not the world bank this morning. But its important to recognize that development was a core mandate at Bretton Woods. And its been a consistent element over seven decades now. So you know, entirely fitting that were here talking about the Development Agenda among other issues today. Let me start by trying to create a little bit of a laundry list. And ive organized these issues in three areas. From a policy perspective, weve had really a landmark set of new commitments in the last few years, well, specifically last year with the Sustainable Development goals and the major commitments reflected there. In the same year you have major commitments around climate. And very much an understanding in the International Community that these issues are linked and have to be approached jointly. At the same time, you had a commitment, as ive alluded to launch a new multilateral Development Bank. And while it is regional in nature it has a global membership and that is very meaningful, members from latin america, europe, africa. Notably not a member in the form of the United States. We see new risks and new challenges in the Development Landscape. Very visibly the refugee crisis associated with syria. Weve had pandemic threats in the last few years that have caused us to think hard about policy responses and impact on development. We certainly see economic head wind, weve had a lot of that conversation this morning, even what it means for developing countries, whether lowincome countries or emerging market. There are threats Going Forward. And associated, whether you want to interpret brexit from that side of things, what it will do for the developing world, for remittances that are a hugely important part of Development Finance for many of these countries. But also reflect in brexit a question about political retreat from globalization at a time when developing countries are perhaps benefitting more than ever from integration. And then finally not to be entirely negative, you know, really looking at new opportunities represented in the Global Landscape today when it comes to development progress. And here i think well known to the development community, but the nature of finance today where you have really tremendous sources of private finance flowing to the developing world and really within the developing world, including on the public side. You know, the size of domestic resource mobilization today come paired to what it has been historically. All of these things point to Real Progress but also raise questions about what the law of foreign assistance is Going Forward. Remarkable success in poverty reduction. What weve heard as sort of a, you know, what continued to be an anchor for institutions like the world bank. Also the reality that we have made tremendous progress and what does that look like Going Forward. And finally thinking about the role f adaptiadap adapting but also to look at are they adapting. Our own Development Agency has been very actively reforms itself in recent years. Were seeing anytime the mmb community both at the world bank across the street, in institutions like the Asian Development bank, the creation of new institutions and then finally i think outside of this official sector really seeing very interesting new models that speak to exploit the capital, the expertise, resources, other private sector. But they do so under a not for profit mod. I think were hear more about that as well. Thats my two minutes or so on a tour of the Global Landscape. Let me turn with the basic question for our panelists. You can either approach independent as an optimist, a pessimist or maybe a problem solver. But what do you see as the sthau is too much overlooked or most con kwenl Going Forward when it comes to Global Development today. What should we be thinking about as major opportunity, major challenge. Let me start with you, eric and well go down the row. Thanks, scott. Good morning, everyone. As he said, theres a lot of, theres a lot of change going on around the world and a lot of opportunity. And some people think about the ftg as as a file on the mtgs and sometimes they are. But its not business as usual. As you said yourself, there are new things, new challenges and obviously Climate Change, thats one of them. But one thats a challenge involves what we call drg, democracy rights of governance. You see closing spaces in countries where theyre shutting down, youre seeing restrictions of freedom and openness. And that sounds sort of in the weeds but weve seen where these things can lead to conflict. And the conflict then leads to big big problems that even hit the macro scene with the migration as one of the most traumatic examples. Dont need to talk about the implications of that given the last few days. Drg is one of the drivers of these problems and an area that is very difficult for anybody to challenge or solve but nonetheless extremely important for everybody to work on together. Yeah. And thanks for that kind of framing of all of the issues. You know, i think first and foremost what the ftgs have done for the Global Community i think is tremendous but it does give us a framework. And as you said, its more than just an addon to the Development Goals. Its a new pair dooim. And even the way they were created, was a different dialogue. First and foremost continuing to say thats our framework and our guidance over our blue prints, what we think about as we tackle the challenges of the world Going Forward. And i guess to your point of being optimist pessimist, i go back and ford. I think theres an incredible amount to be optimist about. Weve decreased poverty, disease rates are going down, education rates are going up, et cetera, is incredibly hopeful. But there are some things, embedded and then some are not clearly called out. The issue of income and