In the United States army and traveling home. Going away. Going back to where you came from. John julie was one of the soldiers who did not surrender. He went with the confederate government when Jefferson Davis evacuated richmond and headed west. Along the way, as he escaped into the carolinas, he was seeing a lot of signs the war was coming to a horrific conclusion. , abandonedong fences muskets of struggling soldiers. Some were broken, that other barrels of others, bent, and choked with mud. The cartridges landsat confusion along the road. Heart seemed slow, for here lies unmistakable evidence of a set of determination. A shameless indifference as to whether the world knows it or not. Professor miller the lecture today will examine particularly the transition that confederate veterans will go through as they go from soldier back to civilian. We will look at a few particular things. The hardships they pay they faced. The limited assistance they found, particularly as they were dealing with chronic pain and winds. What sort of help could they get in adjusting to those particular newfound disabilities . And finally, how they fought to actually remember the war itself. The confederates who return home, where dealing with the reality of defeat. It is not an easy reality if you will to come to terms with. They are returning to tables that had empty chairs around them throughout the war, and now will be permanently empty because thousands of those men will not return to their families. They are dealing with scenes like this come a property destruction, destroyed by battle fielding battlefield engagements or the destruction of military installation. In this particular image, richmond being destroyed as the union army marched in and a grand tories grand victorious manner. The smoldering ruins left all across the south. We talked before about the crisis that southern veterans faced as they pray to god in many ways for that big victory, and now are returning home as defeated men. As losers, if you will. There are many ways embodying if you will, rem, sitting in the corner, losing their religion because god has turned away from them. Some of them came home completely disillusioned, angry, frustrated. Some veterans remained hopeful. One veteran said defeat must be the will of god and is therefore right. Forward therefore with heart and hope to the future trusting that god will strengthen us to override all obstacles and try out all difficulties. Triumph all difficulties. Another noted the demoralization is complete, we are whipped, there is no doubt. When veterans return home, they will face mixed reaction as they come off of trains or walk back into the communities. They come off a horse they have taken home. In some cities use all these veterans return home and communities and the community rushed out to give them hugs and welcome them home. Reid was one of these guys in savannah after the war with as many of these reunions he said he saw crowds gathered that seemed tempered. Dressed inmen were gray uniforms, missing legs and arms, and they were getting extra attention. He said the couple minutes would rain on the veteran until the blushes would show upon his and bewed cheeks and he could convinced he had taken the most gallant and manly act. Now is the veterans return home, they return back to that dining room table chair that had been empty for so long. Some of them now are crippled soldiers, one Family Member wrote, home from war, with only wins in glory to pay. There was a case of major john haskell, who lost an arm during the war. He was during on the porch conversing with women. As confederate soldiers are walking by on their way back to their community after the war comes to the conclusion, he notices them, turns around, and the empty sleeve. The soldiers were impressed. They took off their hats and cheered and greeted him as they went by. Each regiment catching inspiration from the one ahead of it, according to an eyewitness. These cheers are short lived in many ways, particularly because this aura of defeat is now hanging over the confederacy itself. If youre like me and had to suffer through the Philadelphia Eagles yesterday losing to miami, its sort of creates a stupid loss to miami. A give you that little bit of internal cloud of defeat. Your light, do i really want to watch anymore nfl . You watch Peyton Manning look worse, and it makes you feel little better a little better about yourself. These particular veterans, where else are they going to go to oomph to feela better. For some, they came home from they came home with injuries. One soldier said he was excited to come home with a gunshot where and went. Ound. He was happy because he would not get that look from somebody saying, he lost his arm in that war that did not turn out so well. Others noticed it when the confederacy had been wrapped in the bloody sheet and the south had gone down in darkness, the transition begins for veterans himself. Some come home with empty sleeves, some come hobbling home on one leg. Some left both legs in the battlefield. Eyeballs,ightless groping their way home in blindness, in darkness. They all came in tatters and rags to look upon the ashes of their ruining home. He was one who pleaded that we needed to recognize those who had been so physically damaged. You can imagine this to be a little bit of a strange transition. Imagine living that life is three or four years of constant excitement, marching, wearing on your body. The ailments. The constant fear that you may have going into battle. All of the sudden it stops immediately. It in. It ends. That whole process you have gotten used to is gone. You come home with the memories of it. The good memories. The negative memories. Possibly psychological or physical repercussion that the war itself cost. Caused. For historians it is difficult in terms of chronicling the story is veterans of the difficulties after the war. One of the reasons is civil war folks were very good at writing everything down in letters and diary entries during the war. Piecehronicled every bad of meat they ate. Every raindrop that fell. Every battle. Every moment on guard duty. They came home. They are not chronicling the war in that amount of detail as they had previously. We are left with only those who kept writing diary entries to actually tell us what all of this means in the grand scope of things. Somether thing is confederates say, we can go to the pension files, these documents from confederate soldiers they fill out documents for money. Those files in many ways are incomplete. There are also hidden from public view. In fact some states still have medical seals on these documents because they contain private details. Medical details about Family Members that you do not want necessarily to go public. For the veterans that came home psychologically disturbed, some of them turned to alcohol abuse, some to drug abuse, particularly opium. We actually see some contemplate and actually commit suicide. Bill hicks is one of these guys. He was described as a pristine man, colossus in form. He lost a leg in the battle of shiloh in 1862. He came home to a law practice that seemed promising, but was not that great overall. Every day hicks thought about that like he lost. It preyed on him, according to one of his friends, he had no choice but to blow out his brains because he did not want to live the rest of his life. Another veteran who had severely beaten his child to take out some of his frustrations actually stood in front of the mirror and put a revolver to his temple and fired. Charles manager who had had businesses fail economically with debt and wounds, decided to and his life on a drug overdose. Extremists responses ill be but they give us some sense of the level of despair these veterans are facing. I dont think it is a quentin historians are looking at these darker issues, if you will of the American Civil War, this dark turn, particularly because of what our own servicemen and women are facing now is they return home. I think those of you who like to read a lot about the civil war will see over the next five to seven years quite a bit of literature on those who lost limb, on those who ended up in mental institutions, on those who are homeless or abused drugs or alcohol because they did not find ways to adjust back. It is very easy, i think for historians when they write the grand narrative of American History to end the civil war pter on the work including war and conclusion. You turn the next page it is reconstruction. There are no continued stories of those individuals who are transitioning home. You can imagine, if you came home with an injury like these confederate veterans here that you have a screen, the amount of chronic pain youll have to deal with on a daily basis. Southerners were not supposed to complain. This was part of their southern mantra if you will on what makes the men. Theyre not supposed to tell all of their friends how awful their injuries are. Theyre not supposed to complain. Theyre supposed to do it in stoic silence. That pain will be a constant part of their life. Us. Nds that might leak p inside decides one day while you are trying to walk downstairs to poke through the skin and create constant pain. A ringing in your ears caused by all of the artillery shells that explode it next to you during the war that never seems to subside. Those constant headaches. That blurred vision. Others even had the sensation that their limbs were still a part of their body. We call this phantom limb or sensory hallucination disorder to day. Able to uncover two cases of this one confederate veteran who awoke crying and a half in a hospital. He said i thought i was sleeping with my little brother at home and my foot itched come i try to rub it against the other, and my foot was not there. Ump. A st the sensory hallucination was usually in fingers, toes, or hands. You would still feel that foot itching, it did not exist. All of a sudden you have this horrific realization that that limits not there coming back. Another guy and a hospital bed said he would flip over on his body. The patient next to him got up , why areion to ask you rolling so quickly . He said he always had a scratch on one side of his back. He would flip over so his arm could scratch, but his arm was not there any longer. A constant reminder he had to deal with that he was going to be an amputee. ,hese confederate veterans particularly those disabled become in many ways, living symbols of what that defeat meant for the confederacy itself. They are the constant reminders them themselves and society at large who will look at them on a daily basis. You can imagine for southerners who have these prescribes notions of what southern manhood is and southern womanhood how will they deal with these dilapidated bodies. These altered forms of manhood, who also went off to war to prove themselves as true, honorable men, but come home defeated, and now have symbols of that defeat. Southerners in some ways remain in flux on how to deal with their veterans. In macon, georgia, shortly after the end of the civil war, the newspaper reported that one night, a gentleman got drunk, and passed out on the street of macon, georgia. And 11 sawes nine him on the street, picked up a rusty saw, and taught off his off his leg. They actually sawed off his wooden leg. Out thesepers pointed children had been part of one of the great depravitys of the age. They had done this to this particular confederate veteran who had served in the war, but had done something that had gone against the constructs of how southerners were expected to behave. You should be able to control your liquor. You are not going to go out and get drunk at a bar and pass out drunk on the street. In some ways this was the children reminding this gentleman of this is not how a real southern man behaves. At the same time, it is these children not understanding he was a veteran. He had given up a part of his body in the cause of the war itself. For these coming home to struggle distraught, they have to find some sort of Economic Opportunity to move forward. Most veterans worked confederate soldiers who went to war or doing manual labor. Farming was the largest occupation. And go back to the fields their wives or other Family Members attended while they were away. If you are physically disabled, can you keep doing that same level of manual labor . There is a case in georgia of a confederate veteran who had lost a leg and his wife literally taken to the plow and tie him to it though he could actually just dear the plow itself. Steer the plow itself. He would have to rely on the animals to move it forward. In aer worker who ended up tobacco warehouse could only work a couple of hours a day because he could barely stand on one leg he had. It was too painful. Other opportunities would spring up. A few seven states, virginia, georgia, and mississippi would offer free classes for wounded veterans to allow you to become a teacher. Not everyone is cut out to be an educator. James frazer is one of the men who lost a limb during the war. He said he did not have an enviable life after the war. He came home and decided to take up teaching. He routinely lashed out at his students because they were always texting on their phones, or playing candy crush or candy crush soda with gummy bears. Maybe that is why he lashed. No, it was the reality that he could not bear to deal with this chronic pain he constantly had and the reminder of failure. Frazier ended up meeting a woman, they fell in love and got married, then she died. He actually ends up in court because he was accused of eating , his nowren stepchildren because in many ways he could not handle his new reality of doing with failure in the aftermath of the American Civil War. I think one of the best places, maybe if you are in and ut and looking for a potential job is to run for political office. In fact you can use that to garner sympathy. There are cases throughout the od of veterans with missing arms and legs, noted in their campaign bios use the you see in the newspapers, they would emphasize that. One of the guys was francis nickles, he was actually a double amputee. Because so much of him had been physically damaged during the war, some reporters action questioned whether the constituents in louisiana should be willing to vote for a man in this physical condition to be governor of their state. Nichols thought about it, he said, well i guess they can just vote for whatever is left of me to hold the governorship of louisiana. Which they will do twice. He will actually serve two terms as governor in the louisiana. Large numbers of veterans are not going to have those political opportunities or educational opportunities. They are not able to transition to labor. They will have to beg for work and find signs everywhere that say gnome aims confederate need maimed say no confederate need apply. When that becomes your financial reality, when you cannot find a job, you end up begging on the streets for money. This is 110 particular confederate veteran became a fixture on the Capitol Steps of austin, texas in the postwar years. Every day his legislatures would come into the office to debate bills. He would be out front, as you can see, selling pencils. Andng to elicit sympathy allow him to survive. As you can see, he is missing a leg. He has a sort of wooden peg leg attached. It is not going to be very comfortable. It is certainly not one of these advanced prosthetic limbs. It is an irony that this man is on the steps egging legislators are money because in many ways the legislators have not done him i service. Texas is a state that do not give confederate veterans any prosthetic limbs. They waited decades to actually extend pension benefits. He is in this particular case number if you will, this part of life because legislators had not done anything to assist him. To help them transition back into society. A doctor who saw this veteran on numerous occasions on the steps wrote this about him poor old confederate, they told you a wound would be an honor, and you a hero, cruel mockery. Bitter deception. Your life bloodshed. Your youth wasted all in vain. These groups of beggars started popping up all over the streets of southern cities. Confederate veterans begging for money just to survive. The city of new orleans in particular decided to crack down on this large number of beggars and the street of the french quarter, particularly because the wealthy members of new orleans did not want to interact with these men on a daily basis. In 1883, the city of new orleans hosted an event known as the corralling of the cripples as it was announced in the newspapers. Officials went through the streets, rounded up wounded veterans, and put them in the shakespeare house. Men away,put these they realized many were confederate veterans with no options to survive, other than to back for money. Beg for money. The lawransitioned saying, no begging allowed unless you are a confederate veteran. How do you prove yourself a confederate veteran when somebody says, do you have the right to beg for money here . Do you show them your confederate id card . They didnt have them. You show your uniform. That is your clearest marker. We find cases of men who stole uniforms, bought uniforms from confederate men who were injured and disabled through other means, and theyre putting on the uniform, sitting on the corner, and pretending to be a confederate veteran. Thetity theft going on in d. Vil war postwar perio the amendment added to the constitution in 1868 section four prohibits the u. S. Government from paying any financial obligation tied directly to the aid of those who participated in the rebellion against the u. S. The 14th minute bars inveterate veterans from getting any limbs, prosthetic limbs the Union Government had been given to union amputees. If bars them from collecting pension. Theof the u. S. Budget in 1890s is going to pay pensions for union veterans. Are lefttes themselves to the will of the state themselves. The first area that we see in terms of assistance for these men, particularly those disabled and injured is in the form of giving them prophetic limbs. Prosthetic limbs. Not every state will participate. North carolina would be the first. Georgia, louisiana would come on board by 1880. In order to get a prosthetic limb you had to fill out an extensive application. You had to give details about cap who you are. You also have to prove that first you lost your limb in the American Civil War. It was not the lots are limb before or after, it had to be a direct result of your military participation. You had to prove that by having a doctor, or if you could find to regimental surgeon from the war, a lot of these guys came from the same communities. You could say, can you sign off that i lost my limb during the war. The second thing you had to prove was that you left the war and honorable shape. You didnt flee your post. You actually surrendered when you are forced to. When the union army made the confederacy capitulate. You did not run away. You had to prove that you honorably left. Injury, orfled after did not have the proper paperwork would have a hard time getting a pathetic limb prosthetic limb. In order to figure out how many limbs are you actually need the State Government to decide they would send out census takers to go to communities all across the south and count how many amputees. They could come back and give the State Government of figure, a financial figures so they would know how much money they would need to buy these limbs. Limbs can be expensive, particularly legs can go anywhere from 75 to 150. I percent a farm, 50 to 75 a prosthetic arm could cost 50 to 75. Some began writing to the State Government saying, wouldnt it be nice to have a prosthetic arm . To hide the injury, or create comfort, they would be added later. By going to aimb major city, a lot of times the state capitol, where one of these manufacturers have been set up. You would ride the train, they would pay your fair. You would go to the office. They would measure your stump. They would put a prosthetic limb on you and crafted and craft it on the spot. It was a big ordeal to get one. In some ways we think of prosthetic limbs, we think of it had leg, but this postwar paeriod was a renaissance if you will. You can see the joints are being created at the knee that allow flexibility of an artificial knee. Theyre starting to do them in the ankles as well. They create an artificial achilles. You can have motion. You can imagine, if you have seen prosthetic Devices Available today like Oscar Pistorius that allow these men and women to move at rapid paces. A lot of that Technology Got started here in the aftermath of the civil war. To the point where we can see it as before and after picture, it is hard to tell this is what this guy actually looks like in real life. He put on his two prosthetic legs, cover it with pants, and he can go off into Society Without any major difficulty. Lots of veterans liked their prophetic legs. Prosthetic legs. Some complained. One man said his wife could hear him coming. If you are trying to hide from your wife when she has something for you today, probably not the best course of action. If you did not want the prosthetic limb you could take a onetime cash payment. Imagine being that veteran who lost a leg or an arm and youre left for that choice. Do i want this for my comfort . Do i want this to help with my job prospects . Or would you take the cash payment to help your family immediately, or at least for the next few months . This becomes one of these great debates that many internally have to deal with. Sawrnors in some states, we that there were only seven Southern States, that leaves the rest of the bunch was not interested in supporting confederate disability. One governor, particularly in arkansas said honoring the enemies of the United States by giving them rewards for set Services Rendered as soldiers when fighting against the government and the armies of the union is not according to the constitution of the United States or acting in harmony. You have states actively debating, should we actually give prosthetic limbs to men who were traitors . Particularly as the sentiment oils up in the state legislators. There is the second mode of assistance, that is the construction of veterans homes that will appear south and north. Today we focus on the confederacy, but we see a lot of the same things all across the u. S. In the postwar paeriod. A lot of these homes were set up by private donors. You would actually staff the house and fill it with furnishings and items you would need. Veterans could spend their postwar years. The taxes veteran home was in austin. Virginia has one named after robert e. Lee. Andrew jacksons home, the hermitage come was actually turned into a veterans home. On the east side of the french corridor in new orleans was a home. A homeys home had outside of louisville. It gave veterans a great place to relax, take any fresh air, and live a life, if you will, with medical use. Ease. Thee was some debate if state should actually support them, and what kind of men would be allowed in one of these homes. You had to fill out paperwork. In fact, some of these homes even had a debate about someone about some men who asked if their wives could come along and live in the home. These are the questions that in many ways gummed up the assistance that many of these veterans needed in transitioning back to life. Land grants become the third area of assistance that they are limited. Only two states would take on large plots of land that veterans would be eligible to take. Louisiana which provided 160 acres of land to injured veterans. Land fered 1288 gerd acres to injured or disabled veterans who could prove that they could not support their family. It was not just the normal process of i was injured and i was honorably discharged. You also had to prove that you were not economically in a position where you need it that plot of land to survive. Imagine being an amputee or a severely injured man who will acres in west texas. A lot of these were designed to move settlement populations. In texas, a lot of the population was concentrated in one region. This was designed to get people out of the coastal areas. Would you want 1280 acres of land . What would you do with that plot of land, especially if you work by yourself or if your kids are not interested in helping you farm . It is difficult to turn that plot of land into something sustainable. People still filled out those applications and went to the process of getting the land grant but they were not as effective as the prosthetic limb programs or going to a veterans home. The pension is application, the payment of cash offered four times a year, quarterly payments for the rest of your life. Because you had served in the military. Again, the same sort of process where each state would create a Pension Program and confederate veterans had to fill out the application, talk about their honorable military service, the nature and condition of their injuries. A lot of times, you had to be very specific. Relive youry had to injury. I was at this particular battle and i was shot in the right leg and a doctor cut it off at the field hospital. You had to relive your injury. And you had to prove it in as much specific detail as possible with eyewitnesses on board to say yes, he was injured in the war, he is an honorable man and he deserves to have this pension. You also had to prove that pensions were part and his were part of the economic discussions so you had to prove you did not have enough property, low money, and no means of survivors of survivor so you could now become a word of this day. State. E a ward of the of what the opposite every southern man was supposed to be. There was no widespread assistance in this form before. As southern men, you were the you took care of your wife and children to be an honorable gentleman. And now you are begging the state from the money. From the State Governments point of view, they had to make sure that these men were now being as honorable as possible to collect this money. These debates are ferocious in the state legislatures ridiculously when you had governors who did not believe that confederate veterans should get anything at all. The governor of florida called the Pension Program evil because of the traitors who had been involved in the process. Tennessee would do nothing until 1883. Their first Pension Program was only for people who were blinded by the civil war and not just blinded, you had to lose both of your eyes. Not just blind in one eye. Arkansas did not do anything until 1891. Texas, 1899. Kentucky was the last Southern State to send confederates off to the word to do a Pension Program. They did theirs in 1912. 50 years after the civil war. I am not a math major. Those are decades after these men have had have come home or they have spent years without any Financial Assistance or at least recognition from the State Government that they had gone through such difficulty. Do we have a question . Not a question but an observation. Thosems that a lot of i can getents how they think it is honorable to lose a limb. The whole pension thing is probably like how i was raised. Honorable toore admit that you need help. Such a blemish of honor to your and yourself. I find it more honorable to admit that you do need help. You can see in particular the process you have to go through, not just admit it to yourself but you have to get those eyewitnesses to say the same sorts of things to solidify that. Another question . In thepeople that are statehouses in the south did not fight in the war. They are thinking these confederate veterans are not worthy. Are they northern implants . Who are they . Prof. Miller when you have those who are amputated individuals or injured veterans who get into state office roles. Reasons kentuckys Pension Programs past is because they have a confederate veteran who is disabled as their governor. He makes this his calling card. Flux years, in the you have some republicans who are being elected to state legislatures. They are not interested in expanding confederate age. It will take years afterwards when democrats get back into office. And texas there are questions about fraud. What if people pretend to be confederate soldiers and forge their documents. Should the State Government be willing to give that much money out with the potential for fraud. And you have others who are wondering the same thing about is it constitutional for our state to give money to confederate veterans . If you are a strict constructionist, can you do Something Like in georgia where he you determine the amount of based ond per year your injuries. Both guys are worth 150 a year. , 100. Quarter leg double amputees will get 150. Legislaturethe nature that all bases were covered. If you have a limb that does not worth 50. Would be everything for or toe, five dollars. Any other injury, the umbrella manualy, that prevent labor is worth 50. You had to provide the documentation. In the state pension board reviewing these documents would give you clearance. Stephanie . Ailments just physical that they got pensions for . About shellshocked . Prof. Miller there was no diagnosis for that at that time. These were just physical injuries. Later, you will see some confederate veterans apply for pensions because they claimed that their experience in the war created disabilities. The war had created a nagging physical condition. Only physical. Nothing emotional. Even though we clearly have distress, there was no financial reward or counseling available to these veterans. This is some dark stuff. These are clearly people suffering. It does not match our societal perception of the south post civil war particularly if you drive around the south today. Very different images of southern veterans from the war itself. When i was a kid, we drove around battlefields and we went to places and every southern we loved our brief food, for our vacation saweveryone we went into we southern men looking very strong and proud. You have no sense of suffering coming from these monuments themselves that are scattered all over the southern landscape. This is actually one of my favorite monuments that has been constructed. This one is at shiloh. The loss to cause monument of what happened at the battle of shiloh. This is the southern interpretation. It sits right at the location where the hornets nest was defended. You can see the focus of the monument, is this center figure. In the middle, we actually have the embodiment of defeat. She is in the middle. Has darkness on one side and death on the right. Like a jedi,ooking anakin turned into darth vader. This is a star wars monument, maybe. She is handing the wreath from darkness to defeat because and many ways, when the battle of when he turns command over to beauregard, the end of the first day. The next morning, as light rises from the darkness, the reinforcements have come in and sweep the confederates off the field. The confederate soldiers are embodied on both sides of the monument representing the southern soldiers who participated in the battle. What is interesting is that there are 11 on one side and one less on the other. Showing the number of casualties. We also have embodiments of soldiers on both sides. On the left side, and infantry man is holding a confederate slack. An artillery man is on his side. On the other side, we have the head bowed of one officer because he was not able to secure the victory. And a cavalry man who looks. Frustrated. Monuments, these embodiments of confederate soldiers and officers and the interpretation of the war itself become the main focal point for southerners in the postwar time for. They are not interested in granting immediate medical support and care for their veterans. Instead, they want to make sure that their side of the story ends up being the dominant narrative moving forward. This is the lost cause. One of my favorite stories about the lost cause is a guide by the name of james l azar who grew up in the south who heard tales from his grandfather who was a civil war veterans. When he turned 12, he had a moment of heart that made him cry because all of a sudden it dawned on him that the civil war went beyond the battle of chancellorsville. His grandfather had painted a grand narrative. Was one of the saddest awakenings i ever had. I heards on end grandfather talk about whipping the lard out of the yankees. When i got to the point in our history book, eddies bert, that i discovered the bewildering fact that the south had lost the war. This discovery made me depressed for days. The term lost cause was coined was aard pollard who writer in 1866 in his piece the lost cause. This becomes the dominant intellectual narrative that will drive southerners in the remembrance of the American Civil War in the postwar years. Here are some of the things they will emphasize. They will do this by writing textbooks about the civil war. When you get to that chapter on the civil war, you will read these sorts of things about the American Civil War, not what you would be reading in northern textbooks during the war. You would also see this embodied in monuments like we saw at shiloh. Shiloh, according to the monument, the south lost the battle because johnson died and it got dark. Those were the reasons. Nothing else was embodied in the monument. It was those elements. You going to the battlefield would see that and no that interpretation. Slavery is not the cause of the American Civil War in the lost cause. It was states rights. African americans were faithful slaves. They supported the confederate cause. They were not prepared for freedom and they may not even have wanted to be free individuals. The south only lost the war because they were defeated by superior numbers and resources in the United States. Disastrous battles where confederate officers messed up royally. No, it was the industrial might that the union had which was the reason for the failure. Yous disillusionment will not see that document emphasized in the southern textbooks. They did not give up their honor when they failed to win the war. War,because you lose the does not deem masculinized demasculinize you. You the embodiments of robert e lee and stonewall jackson. We will not necessarily celebrate the other confederate generals who did not do quite as well. You will not see a lot of onolades of John Bell Hood great big confederate monuments. You will not see those efforts. Instead, they will emphasize the honorable lee and jackson. Jackson who died in the war giving a limb for the cause and robert e lee who was overwhelmed by superior numbers. It makes them larger in larger than life. The cause. S veterans groups are going to be all about the textbook battles. They will get berry angry at andankee publishers they will want their side of the story to be written. Other organizations will honor the graves of the dead or give long tactical speeches figuring out why the lost south the war and they will usually blame, not robert e. Lee or jackson but james long street. Core commander at gettysburg. Longstreet was in charge of pickets men. The next guy on the totem pole. It also hurt for longstreet that he was a republican and got a position in the grant administration. This in many ways becomes the struggle for historians going forward. The lost cause does not have a lot of room for injured veterans. Or widows or orphaned children. When you have these organizations appear, they were all about raising money to take care of that generation that had been destroyed by the war. They would use that money to go build a monument on a battlefield. Or to go higher authors to write textbooks after the war. Organizations,se the cousin they are not representing their own personal pain and damage, they dont want to spend the money or attend yearly reunions to relive the injuries on a daily basis. This is an important juxtaposition moment in postwar history. We have an entire group of veterans struggling and they do not fit these neat narratives. Hard to argue around the lost cause if you want to nitpick particular elements. Standard setpretty of talking points as the postwar history is constructed. Plus State Governments who are lackadaisical and southern communities were not necessarily as excited to support their wounded veterans make this transition for many injured and physics physically and emotionally injured veterans a very difficult one. Thank you all so much for your attention today and for participating. Every saturday evening at 8 00 and midnight eastern as we join students in College Classrooms to hear lectures on topics ranging from the American Revolution to 9 11. Lectures in history are also available as podcasts. Visit our website, cspan. Org history podcast or download them from itunes. Up next on American History tv, a columnist compares the lives and achievements of Frederick Douglass and terry at tubman. She examines how growing up in maryland impacted their lives and led to their work as abolitionist. The Georgetown Public Library sponsors this hourlong event. Good afternoon everyone. My name is jerry mcclory. Thank you for coming out on this illustrate washington, d. C. Day. On behalf of the public library, you forlike to thank coming out today. The peabody room was named after george peabody. Merchant, finance year and philanthropist who got his start in business in georgetown in 1812. He was 17 years old. Massachusetts with his uncle and they opened a dry goods store on m street. This fight his third grade education, he was a financial genius. He moved on to baltimore where the action was in the early 19th century. He was there for 20 years. You have probably heard of the peabody conservatory of music. That was his namesake. Bread winner of the family