About today is picking up where we left off on thursday with the end of the cold war. And also im trying to make sure that okay so what we are talking about today is picking up where we left off on thursday with the end of the cold war. And also im trying to make sure that we stitch Different Things that weve had through the quarter and through both quarters together. The program is titled, america 2025. Something about the future is important and as ive been thinking about the last part of the 20th century the 1990s, i think it made sense to really dig into, in terms of how people thought about the future in culture, in popular culture, as well as in politics. So the themes and things i want to talk about in terms of this to a little bit of looking back looking forward to and then theyre kind of going to be two halves of the lecture, next to, kind of politics and kind of pop culture. So i want to talk about the end of the cold war and especially how it manifested in how americans thought about politics, then i want to talk about pop culture and think about the way the 90s talked about the future and thought about the president even in terms of, like, everything is great or everything is terrible the. Either the future will be part of all the future is going to be awful. Adding here that i as with all of my lectures im not going to comprehensive coverage. But especially asking people to think about change overtime in there like how does ideology, how does youth culture, how does systems of power change overtime. So theres going to be, i think, asking you all to think about how the 90s were actually quite different then today. And ive got some examples that i think will be interesting. Hoops in terms of looking forward, looking back, a reminder how we are combining psychology and history. Its an Interdisciplinary Program so im not going to be talking much about psychology, thats [inaudible] not least job, but im thinking about how the disciplines have different orientations. And ive really been thinking a lot, and we are going to talk about this in the afternoon, we kind of stumbled last week on experiments, and how like history can do experiments, and theres no Historical Research is not grounded in the ability to ask people different questions about the experiences that they lived through in the moment. We can do it with oral history, but, like, contemporaneous documents cant be changed. So, thats structuring a little bit of my thinking. Im not going to talk too much about that this morning, but definitely this afternoon. And then this is also a chance to return to things where we began early, week one, week two, week three fall quarter about national identity, because of how, like, developmental and adolescent psych is all about change, is all about development. How much unity has kind of paused did the nationstate as an individual, as a person, or as a family we have all in the family and it just yet, development in adolescents of about where we ar is this making sense . Sound familiar . Okay. All right okay. So i talked some on thursday about the collapse of the soviet union. And i remember someone i forget who it was was sort of, oh, family and it just yet, development in adolescents of youth culture. Okay. Questions about where we are . Everybody, is this making sense . Sound familiar . Okay. All right okay. So i talked some on thursday about the collapse of the soviet union. And i remember someone i forget who it was was sort of, oh, now i forget how the idea of from generation disaster, the reading we had, how a Certain Group of people would have grown up in the aftermath of the end of the cold war with really triumphant, kind of like, yay, America America has done it sort of thinking. So, we thought some about, like, the kind of National Narrative of triumph. I really also want to focus not only on the end of the cold war as a national triumph, but in a sort of, like, us versus them, but really go into the ideology ideological triumph. The idea that the promise of liberal western democracy and capitalism has triumphed internationally. So some of this these little post [inaudible] to Different Things that once were asking you to think about. National politics and ideology, and then youth culture. So its not like teenagers im to give some, like, geopolitical stuff that teenagers wouldnt have been thinking much about. But i think theres something shared in the ethos. So, we are going real, like, nations state and national ideology. And particularly around capitalism, and just elevating stuff that [inaudible] you know somehow for week seven. In week seven we were reading about, like, international consumerism. Do people remember that . Like International Consumers . [inaudible]. Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes goes to gods, that international return. And one thing yours or december nor was the idea that, like, capitalism never ends. That with consumer culture, especially like tech centered youth consumer culture remembers only walked one, 1980 . Its like, oh, this stuff is always demonstrating the superiority of capitalism. Like, as long as theres new stuff to consume, capitalism is obviously dominant. And so like, that is, that was very much a shared idea. And so, saying that, like, the collapse of the soviet union, the fall of the berlin wall, were seeing geopolitically as success, the evil empire has been defeated. But then also a little bit of, like, everything is great, with not Just National conflict, but, like, our ideology about consumer capitalism has been triumphant. So really, like hitting 1989, fall of the berlin wall, vermeulemn in generation does outlets to points out in 1991 as [inaudible] why 1989 is imported. In 1988 [inaudible] 1989 came up in a lot of the stuff i was looking at as well. So the cultural dominance of capitalism here even, like, tended to span the political spectrum in the United States so both folks on the right and folks on the left tended to in some ways the capitalism as having been validated and so just like things that might have been encourages nicotine for work or does negative like, deindustrialization, the decline of factories, were often framed or understood in a sort of like, oh, there was this coming together, the world is shrinking, technology is connecting us. The tech boom of the 1990s, the real flushing of Silicon Valley and the dot com bubble it was not seen as a bubble. It was venus like, oh, technology is causing unprecedented economic growth. So the 1990 saw, like, government surpluses, booming economy, right . Turns out the wages were stagnant, but it seems like we just were rising. It seemed like, you know, technology was going to solve more or less every single problem. There were currents of opposition and this is an area where like thinking about change overtime as possible, like looking through the evergreen newspapers of the 1980s and 1990s, there were lots of examples of people being, like, not entirely on board with things, or the system seems fractured. But nothing in the 1990s happened in the same way that, back in, 2000, Seattle World Trade Organization protests if people are familiar with this that they were big riots against a meeting of the wta in seattle, starbucks windows got smashed, and the initial Media Coverage of this was like, how did this people . Why are people angry at starbucks . Where did this come from . So they were currents in the 90s, that, like, exploded in the 2000s. But since 2000, i mean, there was the 2008, 2010 occupy movement. The 2016 Bernie Sanders campaign. Just real sentiments of critics of capitalism across the political spectrum exist now that definitely didnt exist in the 1990s. Now [inaudible] that we just seemed to be rising but [inaudible] related to inflation . You see, everyone was kind of like, oh, look, weve fixed inflation there isnt much of a problem. The idea was that even though economics would later see a, like, stagnant wage growth, like, the media was covering stories and i will say i was i High School Student in the late 1990s and there was a time when burger king was off on 3000 dollar signing bonuses for. So this idea was that sondlands burgers in bringing summer of 1990. That is [inaudible] i know it seems im incredulous but im shocked this is actually, there are things like this in our economy right now that there are a lot of entry level jobs that are offering big paychecks to begin, and people are framing it as the great resignation. People are, like leaving, if the job. Someone if you have left edge up and started moving to one for better wages in the last couple of months . Right. Theres another matthew had a question. So, at what point, again, did this whole oh, what was it called the seattle world trade the World Trade Organization, yeah World Trade Organization protests started . Was it in the late 90s or early 2000s . Thats one thing that i dont actually know about the, like, specific groups that protested. They all existed before, but there was some meeting in the summer of 2000 that protests turned into you, know, direct action of people smashing windows against globalization, against the kind of, sort of, international, you know, unfettered capitalism and this did it just happened in seattle . Or did it happen in other cities across the country . International opposition, but it was, the meeting was in seattle, and so like, the event was happening in seattle and it was covered as if it was just yell. And there was lots of, like, Media Coverage and it was like, whats going on . Why are these kids breaking windows . Hannah. Last week you talked about the shared memory of the cold war was like an ideological capitalism versus capitalism versus communism. Is that the reason that, like, the afterwards of the clay triumphs also ideologically . Even though that was productive for you . Yes, i think. So youre asking, like the idea that it was triumphant was ideological thought of the war as ideological between capitalism versus communism . Exactly, exactly. There is a victory, there has been a struggle. One side has been defeated. We are going to look at some stuff [inaudible] some actual text. But spencer . I think, i think i understand [laughs]. Im just going to, i think im going to [inaudible] have a conflict thinking, im just think i just [inaudible] give. Welcome back to it. Okay. Two things to maybe three things to come to grant this before, that lead to the next thing. Its just about how there was a, kind of, across the political spectrum the way that the wto protests or they occupy movement were really, like capitalism terrible and needs to be not just reformed, but changed. That was really absent in the 1990s. And i want to illustrate that in a couple of ways. Things that weve thought about, if you are if you remember, clear activism in the 1970s was very much about, like, and i discrimination in jobs, and it kind of like hold political inclusion and is lots of like we need to get more gay activists elected to Political Office it. Was very, very, very politically. A 19 80s, 1990, the aid secondary epidemic totally changed queer activism to be very much, like, people are dying. So, the idea that like the system was rigged was a political one but it was not a, like, intersectional radical, like queer identity could lead to a different type of capitalism, which did exist in the 1970s, and maybe kind of exists some on like tumbler today. So, i, queer activism, the Civil Rights Movement i think its this might answer your question. Remember how radical inquiry of the Civil Rights Movement in the long Civil Rights Movement framing was, like much for jobs and freedoms, and not just, i have a dream. Most activists felt that post Voting Rights act 1967 in 1968 1969, that movement had kind of felt in lots of substantive ways. The Poor Peoples Campaign by Martin Luther king before his assassination and then after his assassination is like didnt accomplish the goals, it kind of fell apart. So hardcore activists that had, alike, really intertwined critique of politics of, economics. Felt that the movement had falling apart and the 70s were a time of great declension. Contrast that with the national triumph, right . Like, how did many americans, who were kind of like, hey we solved the racism problem segregation is gone and kind of there is a full inclusion regardless of race is now not just possible but happening. So there is this real like, oh weve triumphed. If capitalism has trumped, then, oh, the more radical critics dont need to be listened to. So they so, there is a british jamaican theorist stewart hall. He has come up in some of our ratings, does lots of cultural critiques. Sociologists, i do not know if we put him in a post structural world. He has said that the 1970s, 1980, and 1990s globally the left increasingly engaged in classes of identity inclusion. Instead of critics of capitalism. There is a certain kind of identity politics that is all about who is in the system, who is not in the system, the system is rigged and needs to be overthrown or taken apart. Who is involved . Who is not involved . That is a different question than just what our systems. Does this make sense . Is this tracking . On the right, as well, american conservatives to a certain extent felt that american capitalism was obviously dominant, triumphant, and there was not a lot of we need to teach people how great capitalism was. Capitalism as. There was like a rock, raw, yay american. The main strand of the grassroots activism in the 1980s and then carrying on into the 1990s was all about family values and morality. Do you remember the all in the Family Reading that starts with. We now have to Center Family values . Evangelical christians formally entered politics in a way that most evangelical christians throughout the United States had a very tenuous relationship with politics. That is the world of cesar, that is the world, that is not the sacred world. That is the secular world. 1979 Jerry Falwell forms an Organization Called the moral majority. Loss of american evangelicals said politics is an area for morality, for encouraging family values. It was not linked to the whole communism is bad, it was the feeling that way one and now we just have to keep these kids from getting perverted, and becoming immoral. Hannah, did that help make sense about the ideology . They shared their . The most important or example that everyone points to as the ideological expression of this idea is an essay by an economist called the end of history. Have people heard of this . Show of hands . I have heard of the end of history but it is one of those things where if you asked me if i have heard of the paper i would say i have heard of the end of history, i do not know who this person is or this essay. It is familiar, i am going to illustrate that in a little bit, so he was a scholar, he wrote an article and a publication called the national interest, a couple of years ago he turned the article into a book and lots of people look back on it and i have seen conversations about how his argument is more sophisticated than people think of it. It is going to seem, or the outline of it will seem a little silly based on what happens next in the world. I think it is important to think of it as descriptive of how people thought, as opposed to him saying this is how things are. It is more like this is the ethos right now. The poll could i have here, the triumph of the western idea is obvious in the total exhaustion of systematic alternatives to western liberalism. If all of the berlin wall, that summer, that is like the triumph of the west is evident. I will even call it up, i will link it on canvas so people can read it in totality. This is the very beginning of it, here it is andre store, very beginning. In watching the flow of events over the past decade or so it is hard to contain the feeling that something fundamental has happened in world history. The pastor has seen a flood of articles commemorating the end of the cold war and the fact that piece is breaking out and many regions of the world. It is interesting, pieces in quotation marks because of the idea that the cold war did not have much objects. Most of the analysis lacked any framework between what is contingent and what is accidental and world history. And, are particularly superficial. Here, this paragraph he does some of his defining and background and context. Here is the poll quote, triumph of the west and the western idea is evident in the total exhaustion of a violent systematic alternatives to western liberalism. So, with the fall of communism there are no alternatives to western liberalism. This is it, hannah . They relationship between capitalism and western liberalism in this years gonna . In this they are completely intertwined, here this paragraph, or this sentence. But, the century that began full of self confidence in the ultimate triumph of western liberal democracy. 1900 self confidence that ultimately western liberal democracy would triumph over a monarchy, and then totalitarian and absolutism. At its close seems to be turning full circle to where it started. Not to an end of ideology, or, as a convergence between capitalism and socialism. But, do an unabashed victory of economical liberalism. Economic and political liberalism, he is defining them, this is economic liberalism, political liberalism, but all of these are wrapped up into one. I just wanted to make sure i am chewing the fat and not picking my teeth. Basically i am feeling a latitude of if you are not super proamerica, capitalism is great it feels like there is a confusion on that part. We won, what do you talking about . The idea of there is no large systematic thinking. In my mind i am basically thinking people exist outside of america, people exist in the foothills of god knows where just living in existence. People exist, themselves. Basically, i get the feeling it is very like we have one, we down the good, we are prosperous, and then you come up and there is a saying of a dirty communist living in the hills or something, i do not know. Yes, or what yo