Distinguished governor, distinct president , ladies and gentlemen. Here we stand before sculpture, which this cultures imagination, remarkable expression and icon schism icon iconisism betray the cold war. The barriers in the nation and confrontation. It is symbolic. This sculpture should be in fulton. More than 46 years ago, Winston Churchill spoke in fulton and in my country. This speech was singled out as a formal declaration of the cold war. This was, indeed, the first time the words iron curtain was pronounced in the whole western world was charged to close ranks against the threat of the tyranny in the form of the soviet union and communist expansion. Everything else in this speech, including churchills analysis of the postwar situation, his thoughts about the possibility of preventing a third world war, this prospects the prospects for progress in a postwar world remain unknown to the soviet people. Today, in paying tribute to this imminent statesman, we can evaluate more quietly and objectively both the merits of his speech and the limitations of the analysis which it included, his ideas and s and his strategic principles. Since that time, the world in which we live has undergone tremendous changes. Even so, however, as paradoxical as it may sound, there is a certain similarity between the situation then and today. Then, the prewar structure and relations have virtually collapsed, a new pattern of forces had emerged, along with new interests and claims. Different trends in World Development could be discerned, but there prospects were not clearly outlined. Tthe their prospects were not clearly outlined. The atmosphere was heavy. Not only with great hopes, but with suspicion, lack of understanding, unpredictability. In other words, a situation had emerged in which a decision with universal implications had to be mentioned. Churchills greatness is in the fact that he was the first among prominent political figures to understand this. Indeed, the World Community, which had, at the time, already established the United Nations, was faced with the unique opportunity to change the course of World Developmentfundamentale in it with force and war. And of course, this led to a decisive degree on the soviet union and the United States here, i hardly need to explain why that was. So i would like to commence my remarks by noting that ussr and the u. S. Missed that chance, the chance to establish their relationship on a new basis of principle and thereby to initiate a world order different from that which existed before the war. I think it is clear that i am not suggesting they should have established a sort of dominion over the rest of the world. The opportunity was on a different plane altogether. If the United States and the soviet union had been capable of comprehending their responsibility and sensibly correlating their National Interest and striving with the rights and interests of other states and peoples, the planet today would be a much more suitable place for human life. I have more than once criticized the Foreign Policy of the stalinist leadership in those years. Not only was it incapable of reevaluating the historical logic of the interwar. That needs to account the experience and results of the war and following a court which responded to the change realities. It committed a major error in equating the victory of democracy over fascism with the victory of marshall is him and aiming to spread throughout the world. But the west end the United States in particular also committed an error. Its conclusion about the probability of open and probable soviet military aggression was unrealistic and dangerous. It could never have happened. Not only because stalin from 1935 to 1941 was afraid of war and never would have engaged in a major war, but, primarily because the country was exhausted and destroyed. It had lost tens of millions of people and the public hated war, having one victory and the soldiers thought only of getting home and back to a normal life. By including the Nuclear Component and World Politics and unleashing an arms race and here, the initiator was the United States and the west, the defense sufficiency was exceeded as the lawyers like to put it. This was a fateful error. So i would be humbled to reform the governing circles of victorious powers lacked an ethical Strategic Vision of the possibilities of the World Development after they emerged after the war and consequently a true understanding of their own countries National Interests. Hiding behind slogans of war for peace and defense of their peoples interests on both sides, decisions were taken which split asunder the world that had just succeeded in overcoming fascism because it was united. And, on both sides, this was justified ideologically. The conflict was presented as the inevitable opposition between good and evil. All the people being attributed to the opponent. This continued for decades. Until it became evident that we were witnessing this. I am saying this here because the World Community has paid dearly for the errors committed at this turning point. [applause] in the Major Centers of World Politics, the choice, it would seem, has today been made in favor of peace, cooperation, interaction, and overall security. Pushing forward to a new civilization, we should, under no circumstances again make the intellectual and consequently political error of interpreting victory in the cold war narrowly as a victory for oneself. Ones own way of life, values, and merits. Was a victory for the development of humanity which is becoming slowly congealed and leading us to destruction, a shattering of a vicious circle which we have driven into ourselves. This was altogether a victory of common sense, reason, a victory for democracy and common human values. [applause] churchill urged us to think super strategically. Meaning by this, the capacity to rise above the petty problems and particularities of current realities. Focusing on the major trends and being guided by them. What are the characteristics of the world situation today . In thinking over the processes we ourselves have witnessed, we are forced to conclude that humanity is today at a major turning point. Not only the people of the former ussr, but the whole world is living through this watershed situation. This is not just some ordinary stage of Development Like many others in world history, this is a turning point on a historic and worldwide scale. And signifies the substitution of one paradigm of civilization by another. This antiquity, the progress of humanity has occurred within the framework of regional civilizations and autonomous societies. Autonomous in the sense that the interaction among them was not the determining factor in the development of a given state or even people and did not turn into an allencompassing interdependence. Before our eyes, this pattern is receding into the past, the day overtaken by powerful global integrating trends, caused by farreaching scientific and technical revolutions. The internationalization of economic progress and the profound transformation of the conditions of human life. This all leads to the conclusion that there has been a radical change in the very forms of social development which existed in the past. The change in the organization of social life in virtually every area of human existence. What is more, there has been a change in peoples internal world, in how they visualize moral values and social ideals. These changes did not start today or yesterday, but it is today, before our eyes and with our participation that these changes enter their decisive watershed phase. When all scales of human activity, economics, the market, politics, science, culture and the like become integrated on a worldwide scale. This exciting and intensifying integration of the world opens up a Broad Spectrum of opportunities for the future of mankind. First and foremost, it signifies the possibility of getting a Global International security system. Thus preventing largescale military conflict like the world wars of the 20th century and facilitating a radical reduction in level of armaments and reducing burdensome military expenditures. This signifies the resources of the World Community can be focused on solving problems in nonmilitary areas such as democracy, ecology, food production, energy sources, and the like. [applause] this means new opportunities for economic progress. Ensuring normal Living Conditions for the earths growing population and improving the quality of life. We have in fact already started moving in that direction. But the significance of these changes, while a great source of hope, does not blind us to the danger, some of which we have already encountered. It would be a supreme tragedy if the world, having overcome the 1946 model, were to find itself once again in the 1914 model. A Major International effort will be needed to render irreversible the shift in favor of democratic worlds, one which is democratic for the whole of humanity, not just for half of it. [applause] i am in full agreement of secretary james bakers formulation. The existing dangers are largely a function of the watershed character of the times we live in. It is quite clear that the enhanced integration and interdependence of the world at the same time creates new tensions both domestically and internationally. Unleashing processes which were earlier hidden from view. The very fact the two world lots are not in confrontation and that collapse of totalitarian regimes has released centripetal forces which had been temporarily frozen, territorial and intergovernmental contradictions has encouraged and exaggerated nationalism and this has led to much bloodshed. The ending of the global confrontation of the Nuclear Superpowers and the ideological opposition between the two World Systems has rendered even more visible todays major confrontations between the rich and poor countries, between the north, the south, all of these terms today are more than merely conventional ones. The essence of the situation is not altered by the fact that countries of the south have taken on poverty while others are treading on the heels of the old developed countries. You know the correlation between poverty and wealth in the modern world must not be deteriorated due to the profound crisis that emerged from the ussr. The situation is made worse by the headlong development of communication and the systematic transmission of information inculcating the lessdeveloped countries a more intense feeling of social deprivation and hopelessness and despair. Turning now to the world economy, the increasingly close links between national economies, markets by intensified international competition, leading to de facto trade wars and threatened the rebirth of protectionism. One of the worst of the new dangers is ecological. When Winston Churchill gave his speech here, most people on this planet did not even detect a mortal threat from that direction. But, today, global climactic shifts, the greenhouse effect, ozone holes, acid rain, contamination of the atmosphere, soil, and water by industrial and household waste, the destruction of the forests, etc. , all threaten the stability of the planet. Despite all the efforts being made to prevent ecological catastrophe, it is intensifying. And the effects of our poisoning of the spiritual sphere, drug addiction, alcoholism, terrorism, crime become further ecological threats. All of these together heighten the probability of social, national and international conflict. Not having understood the transitional character of the present system, with all its inherent contradictions, politicians again risk committing errors which have the most consequences of all. The prospect of catastrophic climactic changes, floods, hunger, epidemics, National Ethnic conflicts, and other similar catastrophes compels governments to adopt a world perspective and seek generally applicable solutions. [applause] the only alternative to this would be an intensification of conflicts throughout the world, the instability of political systems, civil wars. In other words, ultimately a threat to world peace. This means we need a different understanding of problems of international security, National Interests, and other tasks which must solved to guarantee the survival of humanity. We must explore various scenarios including the most unfavorable ones, predicting their occurrence so as to be able to act in accordance. Some experience already exists in various areas. The persian gulf, yugoslavia, cambodia, korea, the caucuses, the baltic regions, the earthquake in armenia, the chernobyl disaster. What is important is all these efforts by the World Community bear the imprint of the new atmosphere in the world, one which has emerged among other reasons thanks to perestroika and the new thinking. [applause] one consequence of the increasing world integration is the democratization of international relations. It would seem that now all are agreed that the bipolar system has exhausted its potential. Some say it will be replaced, but most people feel the world will be most polar. This is probably accepted. If, of course, we bear in mind this is not the type of redistribution of roles customary in the past. No. The idea certain states or groups of states can monopolize the International Arena is no longer valid. What is emerging what is emerging is a more complex global structure of international relations. An awareness of the need of some kind of global government is gaining ground. One in which all members of the World Community could take part. [applause] events should not be allowed to develop any which way. There must be an adequate response to global challenges and change, to eliminate force and prevent conflict from developing into a worldwide conflagration, we must seek means of collective action by the World Community. There are chances for peace. This is confirmed by what has happened to the leaders of the great powers the past two years. What is needed are principled mechanisms for converting possibility into reality. I myself spoke of them in new york at the United Nations assembly at the end of 1988. What has to be done is create the necessary mechanism. In my position, its not appropriate to name these mechanisms. It is important, however, that they should be authorized by the World Community to deal with these problems. With out them, there is no point in talking about a new era or civilization. I will limit myself to designating the competence of such mechanisms, nuclear and chemical weapons, control must be instituted to prevent their dissemination, including compulsion and violation. [applause] an agreement must be concluded among all presently nuclear states, on procedures for cutting back on such weapons and liquidating. Finally, the convention on chemical weapons should be signed. The peaceful use of nuclear energy, the powers of the International AtomicEnergy Agency must be strengthened. It is imperative all countries working in this area be included in this agency. The procedures of this agency could be tightened up and work performed in a more open and above board manner. Under United Nations offices, a powerful consortium should be created to finance the modernization or liquidation of extremely risky Nuclear Power stations and also to store waste fuel. A set of world standards for Nuclear Power plants must be established. Work on Nuclear Fusion must be intensified. [applause] the export of conventional weapons, governmental exports of such weapons could be ended by the year 2000 and in reasons of armed conflict, it should be curtailed at once. [applause] the illegal trade in such arms must be equated with International Terrorism and the drug trade. [applause] with respect to these questions, the Intelligence Services of the state which are permanent members of the Security CouncilUnited Nations and the Security Council itself must be expanded, which i will mention in a moment. Regional conflicts, considering how much experience has been obtained in the middle east, in africa, in southeast asia, korea, you this lobby a, the caucuses, afghanistan, a special body should be set up under the United NationsSecurity Council with the right to employ political, diplomatic, economic and military means to settle and prevent such conflicts. [applause] human rights the european process has officially recognize the universality of this. That is the acceptability of International Interference wherever human rights are violated. This task is not easy. Even for states that signed the paris charter of 1990 and even less so for all members of the United Nations. However, i believe the new world order will not be fully realized unless the United Nations and its Security Council create structures