Transcripts For CSPAN3 Politics And Public Policy Today 2016

Up the project and run with it. Great. Please, yes. Give her the mike. Please stand up so they can see you to give you the mike. Im the executive director of the u. S. Afghans council at georgetown university. We are so grateful you are here and id like to publicly thank you for staying up in the middle of the night. Very quietly, i dont think people know this. And you have been sending us support and at times when you dont have the staff to do it. Were so grateful for reaching out to us here in washington, d. C. Id like to ask specifically if you could talk further about one of the myths that you brought up. The myth of the afghan male, the afghan man as being uncivilized. Part of why i the about that, in my work, what i found is with all of these successful, beautiful, talented afghan women that you talk about, there is always usually a strong and supportive and feminist and wonderful father, husband, brother, cousin, uncle. That i think we dont always hear about. So if you could talk a bit about the beauty of the afghan man in this struggle. Thatll take a lot of time. No, no. Thats okay. Take all the time you need. I think in that respect, afghanistan is not very different from other countries in the world. Hold it down over there. I will give you the example, we have a hotline thats called 6464. That is a hotline for the resolution of family problems. Its a hotline where people can call anonymously and ask for advice. Its of course addressed to women basically because its the women who have problems. But i found out that 70 of the calls are initiated by men. Fathers, brothers, sons, uncles, who are worried about a situation in which a woman dear to them finds herself in. And so they will call and make sure that it is legitimate and all that and once they are reassured that its a good place for that person, they give the phone to the person and she calls. So i this is i think the best confirmation that there are men that care about women. I dont and i think im not saying anything thats untrue when i say that there is no father that does not love his daughter. They love their daughters so much, they really cuddle her and are very close to their daughters. But eventually, with the cultural norms and all the distance, and from afar you think maybe, they dont care for their daughters. They do care. Thank you. Thank you for that. Yes, all the way in the back, please. [ inaudible ] thank you. Ken meyer. What is enrollment rate in primary and secondary education and does afghanistan have enough resources to educate both the boys and their girls . The numbers are not precise. I do know there were articles at the beginning of last Years Academy which is about now that 1. 3 million young people join the first grade last year. Now i dont have any confirmation. I read that in the newspaper. Our Education System was extremely strong and has produced people like ambassador and my husband and other people. It was because we had a very i cant see the word. Very forelooking, forth looking queen. The queen was in charge of education. She was the minister of education. And she made sure that a lot of people got scholarship to go and study abroad. But she insisted there she was prescriptive. She insisted that everybody should study education. I had a friend tell me that her father wanted to become a doctor. But, no, the scholarship was only for education. So he came back and he became a teacher in a school or university. So we had some very highly educated people who are running our schools and our universities. We had a very strong educational system. And im sure the ambassador will confirm that all of them that came to the American University of beirut performed very well by comparison to the other students at the institution. Because they have very solid grounding. So i think we can do it. I dont think we have reached that point yet. I think at this point we have a very a ministry that needs to be reformed totally. And we have to let alone. We need to know how many schools we have. I mean, you read the reports that said that some schools are only there on paper. We dont know how many schools we have. We dont know how many children attend. We have too many schools in kabul that have three shifts which means the first shift starts at 6 00 in the morning and finishes at 11 00. Then what does a child do afterwards . And then the last shift finishes at 9 00 in the evening. There is a lot to be done in education sector. But im confident that we can do it because it was done in afghanistan. We do have the experience. You mentioned the queen. Have you studied her and are you you take some inspiration from her role . What happened is that when i became a public person, you know, when i became a first lady that the public could reach out to, a lot of people compared me to her. So, yes, i tried to understand what her role was and what she was doing. She was much more involved than i am. She was a minister in the cabinet. She was she went everywhere with the king and all. This i dont do that. Im not interested i mean she was young and maybe it was she felt it was her role and her responsibility. I feel my responsibility is to be there and to listen. I feel my responsibility is to be like a little bit like a go between. I never scold them. I scolded one group of students. They had come and they wanted me they said we dont have a road. We need a road. A paved road so that were not so this is a province that is in the center of afghanistan. Its quite isolated. I said, thats it. The other one, they said we have three years to have electricity produced out of the rivers. I said fine, perfect. Ill convey your messages. And then they said, we dont have schools, i mean we dont have roofs for schools. In winter, we have the schools next to the wall that gets the sun. And in summer we go to the wall that gets the shade for the schools. We need a building. And i looked at them. They were a group of 25 or 30 strapping young men. And i said, come on. You get together for one day or two days and you can build the one or two room schools. Youre not going to wait for the government to come and build you your school. Dont be lazy. So we laughed. So i do scold people but very very seldom. So i think my role is much more to be a place where people feel safe to come, safe to be able to say whatever is on their heart. Sometimes i have answers like i have answers sometimes for your questions. But at least they feel they have been heard. Thats my role. Its not more than that. Youve been first lady now for 18 months. 18 months. And youve talked a lot of afghans. If you had to identify one thing that the government i dont want you to get new trouble, that the government needs to youre not going to get me in trouble. They need to Pay Attention to in terms of empowerment of women, what would that be . And the second question and this will be the concluding, what is your message to the United States now that youve had a very, thanks to you, a very positive conversation, uniquely positive today . Thank you. And what would what would your message be to the United States if we could conclude on that. Sure. As i said in my speech, there is still a lot to do for women. But we are in the right. Were going in the right direction. Thats what i feel. I think its probably very difficult for people outside the government to understand how much work is on going within the government. Its i dont get to see my husband very often. He leaves usually early in the morning and comes back sometimes at 10 00, 10 30, 11 00. But he has all the people around him. I mean, its really very interesting because the pps, the guards within the within the president ial palace have had to change shifts because he starts very early and hes up very late. So that they can cover him. But anyway, i think the government is trying very hard. And whenever i see a a detail or a place where there is an affirmative action thing. I raise it. And i see whether they do something or not. So, yes, there is always room for improvement. It has been only now, you know, its only been one year because it took six months to get the unity government. Its only been one year of functioning. And i think for one year weve done quite a lot. And as far as the message to the american public, im very tempted to say dont believe what they say in the newspapers. Theres a lot of skepticism towards the media. The administration itself knows what were doing. But the american public, just remember that were people like any other people. They have dreams. And maybe their dream is to be able to live in a country where there is peace. I just have been in morocco a few days ago and ive been in morocco now in my mid 20s. And morocco and lebanon at the time i didnt know afghanistan, morocco and lebanon were really at the same level. And i was presideleasantly surp but also very sad when i went to work there only for three days, but i could tell how much morocco had developed. How much life was pleasant in morocco. How people seem at ease and pursuing their own goals. Their ministers were well trained and everybody was very happy anticipate very hospitable. And i thought, my god, this is exactly what lebanon would have been had we not had the war. So maybe this is what im feeling these days. Real i really understand the cost of war. War destroys and then its very difficult and it takes very time consuming to build again. But the people of afghanistan want peace and want to be able to live in the villages and city. They want to have good schools in there. They have the same dreams as everyone in the world. And i do hope that well be able to give it to them. Thank you. Youre welcome. Thank you very much. That is a very positive and engaging conversation. Please join me in thanking the first lady of afghanistan. Please stay at your seats. August or earlier, lincoln decided when the time is right, he will announce a new war effort that would add to union freedom. Wheaton College Professor Tracy Mckenzie on the evolving war goals on the civil war. And then on real america how was it possible for america to achieve such production . And amazingly ports came in to the United States. 20 of american industry and manpower was woman power. Legions of women were stepping to aadvance across the world forsaking the round of [ inaudible ] this 1944 War Department Film Documents how women in world war ii helped the war effort, eluding that hidden army of american women working in war manufacturing is the main reason that germany won the war. We visit the daughters of the American Revolution museum to learn about an exhibit marking the 125th anniversary of the organization. One thing that stands out is this imagery of the old concept. It goes back to ancient times where a warrior is made god like by lifting him up and celebrating him. Its worth highlighting assets of them especially those while they occupied the white house. James madison who followed jefr t jefferson owned over 100 slaves, holing a large percentage while he occupied the white house. He is responsible for composing and expanding the compromise which guaranteed the south held a disproportionate influence bonn congress to preserve and uphold slave owning interests. Tyler perry, africanamerican studies professor at California State University fullerton on a 12 american president s who were slave owners. Eight of them while in office. Secretary of state for arms control verification in compliance says much has been done to improve Nuclear Security for america and its allies under the Obama Administration. Frank rose joined a Panel Discussion at the Wilson Center. This hour long event took place as president obamas Nuclear Summit was about to begin in washington, d. C. Good morning. Im jane harmon, the president and ceo of the Wilson Center and delighted to introduce very Important National conversation on the nuclear submit and beyond, progress or regress. Like to welcome some of the smartest people in washington to this audience but also welcome many who are watching this by other means, many of which are against the back of the room. Seven years ago, president obama delivered a speech promising to fight for a World Without Nuclear Weapons. To get the work done, he brought leaders from around the world to washington. Hosting the first Nuclear Security summit here in 2010. South korea then took the baton in 2012 and the netherlands in 2014. This week in 2016, the summit is back in washington, d. C. And its time for a status report. To manage the nuclear file, the United States needs to walk and chew gum to recall a comment about former president gerald ford. The threats arent one size fits all. We have to keep our eyes on great powers like russia. We need to watch regional pariahs like iran and north korean we need tone sure that terror groups never get their hands on Nuclear Material as isil, so we read, hope to do in belgium. The conventional wisdom looks a lot more like did it in 2009 when president obama launched this conversation. Many believe the risk of a planet destroying exchange has gone down while the threat of a single attack by kim young un or others has gone up. I dont think we can rule out major conflict. What keeps me up at night is the risk of miscalculation. The accidental clash between the u. S. And russia perhaps over syria or pakistan and india that escalates. Many regions are ready to blow. Use of a theological weapon of any kind in syria could become an International Crisis overnight. And if the worlds responsible nations, grownups in the situation room condition the manage these risks, then thats the ball game much as usual, Wilson Center is ahead of this problem. Nonproliferation is one of our clanz lanes of excellence. And todays conversation is led by the top leader on the issue. He is our Vice President for scholars. He hand thld file on bill clintons National Security council and hes the author of iowa r Irans Nuclear chest. He mod rates wierates with good and very good friends. I want to welcome bob galuchi, frank miller with whom i serve on the defense policy board and then assistant secretary of state frank rose for joining us. Frank, back in the old days, was a member of the staff of the House Intelligence Committee where i served for eight years. He was a member of team harmon. Can you join team harmon any time you want but you can never leave. Sow may think he works for john kerry, but actually, not so much. In addition to that, he used to work for fringeank miller, go figure. Were delighted youre here. You know a lot more about this subject than most people. I got sat guy who knows the mest is the moderator, please welcome rob litvac. Thank you. Good morning to all of you here and those viewing on cspan and other networks. The format will be that ill ask our panelists a set of questions covering major topics for a half hour or so. And then well open it up to the audience for your questions. Lets begin with an overview. Its now been almost seven years since president obamas landmark prague speech. He laid out an ambitious arms control and nonproliferation agenda. But to days world looks very different than that in which the speech was delivered. How do you in hindsight view the objectives of the speech and its legacy . Lets start with frank rose. Rob, thanks so much for having me here. Its a real pleasure to be on stage with frank miller and bob galucci and yourself and thank you congresswoman harmon for having me. Its like the howe hotel california. I think over the last seven years, if you look at the Balance Sheet, we have done a lot to improve Nuclear Security for both the United States and our allies. For example, in 2010, we signed the new strategic arms reduction treaty with russia. And im happy to say that despite all the challenges that we have with russia today, implementation of the new start treaty continues to go well. On sight inspections in both the u. S. And russia continue. We continue to Exchange Notifications of the movement of our from a teestrategic impleme issues. We continue to meet and continues to work through difficult implementation issues. Through the recent joint comprehensive plan of action with iran, we have cut off irans path to a Nuclear Weapon in a verifiable manner. And through the Nuclear Security summit process, we have locked up significant amounts of Nuclear Material. I saw one estimate through the efforts of the Nuclear Security summit. We have locked up or secured enough Nuclear Material to create 150 bombs. So on the Positive Side of the ledger, i think we have made good progress. However, we do have some real challenges. As congresswoman harmon noted, the relationship with russia is fundamentally different. In 2009 when the president took office, we had hopes of developing a Strategic Partnership with russia. I think those hopes are no longer there. Additionally, russia has been using increasingly harsh rhetoric with regards to nuclear policy. And that is very, very concerning. And third, this is where ive been spending a lot of my time, russia has violated the intermediate Nuclear Forces treaty. Which was ratified by the u. S. Senate and russia and soviet union, excuse me, in 1988. That limits the production and testing of intermediate Nuclear Weapons, missiles, excuse me. And what we determine two years ago is that russia