Defenses. The first session for the evening is from pete and joyce giving Public Sector perspective on this topic. Pete was former cto for department of energy, currently a member of icit gala board and ceo of doths and bridges. Joyce Hunter Deputy cio policy and planning for u. S. Department of agriculture. So please help me welcome our first speakers. Great, thanks, parham. I appreciate the chance to be here. Two villanova grads, if youre wondering what the v stand for, pretty excited, it was a good year for us. Again, im only about nine, nine and a half, ten months removed from the federal government. Whats most exciting after 25 years and spending the last 7 1 2 or so at the department of energy was the opportunity to sort of take what i was doing in my role there. That was working inarguably the members us of the critical sectors, the 16 we know exist today but also on this panel or this conversation were going to talk a bit about how joyce at the usda and department of energy, collaboration thats needed to really talk about this complex ecosystem. My time in government was very rewarding. Being on the outside now and looking back, this is a topic, Critical Infrastructure that is pervasive. It touches the Public Sector, federal government, private sector and i should say state, local, tribal and territorial communities as well. But the private sector and investment thats needed r d thats being done, well talk a little about that part of the ecosystem and the Consumer Sector. I think most of us when we go to bed at night and flip the switch off or get up and turn the switch on, drink the water, take the shower, eat the food, take a plane somewhere, i know we may pretty it subliminally but these are the things, thats the consumer element of this infrastructure that i dont care we take for granted. But when the light doesnt turn on or the water doesnt get warm or come on period, not to be an alarmist, to parhams point but we rely and depend on this. Maybe if theres a a snowstorm, the power might be out for two days and you enjoy it. After three you get a little antsy, want to shave and get the power on but you assume things will kick back up. What wed like to do tonight and talk about it later in our second panel really how the federal government and the role it plays from oversight, if you will, and the relationships it is having with not only amongst the agencies but also what kind of the compliance versus the mandate versus what do i need to really know to really move that pendulum forward ash innovation. What well talk about is not so much the sectors themselves, the Critical Infrastructures are there to simply identify where are we at risk across the 16, again, the ecosystem itself its quite diverse but more important we want to look at what are the threats today beyond physical threats and Natural Disasters. Cyber security is now going to impact our Critical Infrastructures. The human factor, which is not just Insider Threat but you think about an aging workforce, a Skilled Workforce that knows the infrastructure as it exists today that was purpose built 100 years ago to do a job it effectively is still doing. As we address the internet and its impact or the internet protocol, the smart grid, which sounds cool but really the same concerns we have in our agency, business, and Home Networks we now have to think about those as threats as we make the grid smarter, the power grid and, of course, the impact downstream on other Critical Infrastructures. Thats a little about my passion and interests. Again, im excited to be talking here with my colleague, joyce, who is going to paint a little bit of a picture on the mission of not only what we may think the usda is but its impact. Joyce, why dont you address some of the things we chatted earlier about and not just what the usda is doing but its Critical Role and its dependencies on other sectors. Just a little bit of background. I went the opposite way of pete. I have been in federal Government Service for about 3 1 2 years, spending 25 years in industry and then five years with my own i. T. Consulting company, so i came from the opposite end of the spectrum. But i think that agriculture is very complex. Im a city girl. Urban, born and raised in philadelphia. So what did i know about agriculture . Not much. I spent a lot of my time in my previous life in health care. So i knew a lot about health care and i was a very mission focused person. And agriculture is a mission focused organization. With Critical Infrastructure have you to realize with agriculture we have 29 agencies, staff offices and mission areas. Some of those include areas like Animal Plant HealthInspection Service or Food Nutrition Service or nes, National Agriculture statistical agencies. Those are influential in the marketplaces. When you really look at it, its complex because we do not only production but processing and delivery. So production, the farmers, producers, and ranchers. The supply chain also includes areas such as processing. You have tyson foods, other processing organizations. Then on top of that you have the delivery. So you have the Grocery Stores and then you also have the food chains that access the food supply. When you look at it, any one of those areas could potentially be a target for any kind of contamination. We ploy a lot of inspectors, meat inspectors, egg inspectors, chicken inspectors, you name it, we can inspect almost anything. They have even added tilapia not tilapia, but catfish, i guess because they are grown in farms. Therefore, farms, catfish, so weve got catfish now. It is of great importance to us because our job is to protect the American People. And to be able to supply those security features and security measures so we can make sure that the food that is grown from a production perspective, you look at it, its more than just the food, its the soil, whats in the soil. Its the water. Its the water that takes care of those plants. Its the pests. We have introduced several pests. With people traveling as much as they are, we have to really admit that sometimes these are not maliciously brought into this country but they are just travelers. Bugs attach themselves and come along and come along for the ride. They get free airfare and come in and lodge themselves in our citrus organizations. There is a big now that is destroying the citrus population in florida. Imagine this, it has made its way across the country and it is now in california. We just recently had a hackathon to try to come up with various measures in which we can try and find this bug and report it as it is trying to grow and develop. So those are the kinds of things were involved in in trying to keep our agriculture products safe. That was awesome. You touched on a couple of things i just for clarification purposes when i mentioned 16 infrastructure sectors and you can find those by googling 16 infrastructure sectors in our country obviously and they are unique. One of the things tonight we will address theres an unintentional silo effect that occurs with every sector, every agency and in the case of dhs which oversee a bit of activity and policies in those sectors. Information sharing, data collection, creation, analysis around each of those sectors as we my great data to the cloud, engage in analytics, which is a hot term in washington and i imagine any revenue business that wants to understand and extract value from whether the intellectual property associated with domain space, theres a theme in order for us to create a more resilient infrastructure. Yes, its available today. The light should turn on and may turn object. You could see its reliable to an extent. It might be out a few hours. This injection of technology and the analytics associated with the amount of data we create as an agency, federal agency, i can tell from the Energy Sector standpoint, the value of turning data into information is extremely valuable and information sharing to be an effective ecosystem requires collaboration. I dont mean, hey, lets get on the phone and have a Conference Call and talk about what we think is important, thats part of it. You have to be willing across those sectors, private and Consumer Sector to engage in a dialogue not always 50,000 foot level but bring it down a bit and a bit more to talk about. Hey, maybe some of the data we have generating and how youre protecting it is how. Joyce, you hit on a couple of things, worth referencing, dependence on sectors. I never thought about food safety and Food Security terms when i was doing a Little Research into how usda was approaching it. From the energy standpoint and Energy Sector generation and transmission and storage and delivery and distribution of energy. What im eating and where it was grown and the impact of fertilizers, you were recently out in northern california, i believe, with some of that hackathon and awesome activities where youre doing a lot of crowd sourcing and communicating with the public to look at innovation. Water Transportation Systems and Chemical Services are impacted, food and agriculture are impacted by those. The food deliver y, supply chain. When we think about Critical Infrastructure and impact cyber is having and the report generated and all these bad actors and trojans and worms and all these things that are affiliated with more of an internet or computer or Technology Oriented discussion, there is a supply chain for food and agriculture. Theres a supply chain for dams sector, Defense Industrial base. Looking at that ecosystem again across and having the impact the internet protocol will have in those sectors, you see that merging if theres something i should be worried about on infrastructure and data center, its probably something i have to be thinking about and can have Lessons Learned and translate that out into if youre a commercial owner and operator in the case of Utility Electric utility, oil, natural gas, at least from my world and production facilities in the fda. So let me ask you a question here. We here a lot about regulation, compliance, an agency that is the ultimate nonprofit, if you will, federal government. We are investing money in r d. A lot of the federal government pushes money back out for research and development element. How do you feel that its balancing meeting and being compliant with regulation versus stimulating ecosystem the president talks about when he addresses it in his Cyber SecurityNational Action plan. We have to have a lot more not just reliable but resilient secure infrastructure thats flexible. How do you balance that tension or address it . Its very difficult. As we know, sometimes the government does not necessarily move at the speed of light. But if were going to stay ahead of things like i said before, there are Natural Disasters home grown bugs, the bugs inserted and other organizations that want to get ahold of information. Having signsbased surveillance is key and critical to be able to figure out exactly whats going on. That means youre going to have to ploy and talk to other agencies. So we have to have a relationship with energy. We have to have a relationship with transportation. As we are growing more crops in climates like california, arizona, other areas, and they are shipped akrcross United States, we have to make sure they are secure. Its a multiagency relationship we have to have. Surveillance systems are steamily important. We have to determine exactly where the source of the problem is. Remember the avian flu last year . It was kind of marching its way across the country. Being able to work with transportation organizations and farmers and other places to be able to provide that information ahead of time, letting them know theres a tracking system that we have put into place that allows them to find out where the disease is going to be next time or where its going to be the next season. As you know avian flu only starts up when the weather is starting to get cold and birds start migrating. You have to have some kind of tracking system on the birds so you know where the birds are flying and where they land next time. Its a lot of sciencebased information that you have to employ. Sometimes legislation and scientific discovery and innovati innovation. Sometimes they dont commune with each theres a lot of fear, uncertainty and doubt, what i call fud in the system. A lot of people think too much Scientific Investigation leads to the frankenstein effect, whereas it basically is necessary to inform and educate. It allows everyone to make better decisions. Farmers, producers, ranchers and consumers. Thats what we use the data for so we can better inform people whats going on. How it is going to affect them and what they can do to mitigate some of the circumstances that they have. Legislation sometimes is slow to come about. And sometimes a lot of the directives that come out dont come with money. The Unfunded Mandate. The Unfunded Mandates. So a lot of times were thinking the agency isnt moving fast enough, a lot of times the mandate didnt come with funds so we have to rob peter to pay paul to actually get some of these things done. Its not necessarily that we dont want to do it, its that sometimes we have to figure out how we can do it. Thats not going to be a burden on the consumer as well as not be a burden on the agency providing that particular service. Well said. You hit on a couple of points to wax or riff off, theres definitely no shortage we know about and the report so well done referenced a lot of chronology or genealogy of what is Critical Infrastructure. I highlighted 10 in my notes i find that build on one another. For those of you listening and watching theres great material at the dhs website for starters begin thats a defactors portal for a lot of information and it can be overwhelming. When you start with what does Critical Infrastructure mean, its the animals, its the electricity, its the networks that we use. Its the distributed Energy Systems that we hear and read about but wonder what it is. I like to break it down to if i was talking to my phone which i do, the power grid is a network. Its an antiquated one and one that works but purpose built with platforms that needed to be available to the consumer to provide power. When we think about how to approach today, network in house solution building out ping, power and pipe we called it back in the day in the data centers i worked in. All that plumbing behind the scenes to allow us to do email, applications to do phone mail, convergence of telephony, voice, video, data on one wire coming out of the wall, that freaked a lot of people out. I was fortunate enough to be in education at the time and i was asked to spearhead an effort to take that bull by the horn and really a make it happen. Who today doesnt think i want to have one bill that handles my voice, video as well as mobile phone bill. Its innovation that seemed to not so much outpace the technology or situation at hand. I think with the Energy Sector and i dont want to speak for the Agriculture Sector but were seeing a case where very slow to in accelerate, if you will, or implement the innovation. Theres a country of innovation happening in the government. The government spends arguably about 150 billion, with a b, every year on r d. Theres a big chunk on r d spent on physical, cyber, electricity, oil and natural gas systems and of course in the farming industry, et cetera. Using satellites to watch crops g generate or grow. Geology and nasa together in california. Theres this linkage of technology that requires that Institutional Knowledge of what does a farmer see and deal with every day. The convergence of telephony put people out of work. It took aging infrastructure and not so innovative and said, hey, we need to build something thats going to force that workforce to become more of an expert in new technology. Some folks said, hey, its time to cash out my chips. I dont want to learn about voiceover ip stuff. Were seeing that as more of a challenge with aging infrastructure and aging workforce. I dont want to gloss over that. What you also said, joyce, that really caught my ear, you did reference the information and technology thats available today is allowing taos make data driven decisions. If im a farmer and used to do something a certain way, i might not be asking you new technology i need information extract freddie your brain to know what is the best way to irrigate. What is the best time of the year to do the i think so you referenced. On the energy side the smart grid is the hot topic. Smart grid, i was guilty back in the day thinking one day it was going to be at my house. Yeah, i have a smart meter in my home but i dont know who is watching that data, what its going to do. The idea of controlling it from the beach or driving an Autonomous Vehicle and interesting internetwork, i embrace innovation but im not sitting here saying i want to be the first person and early adopter. Thats a challenge and thats incorporating standards which the