Things have changed a lot. I think its really impresentesive and i feel really good about that. Thank you. Thank you so much. Im with new rules for global finance. I wanted to pick up on the tax issues. I note in the g20 when they talk about tax and context of development they say we really have to do Capacity Building. Im wondering if the african finance ministers and Central Bank Governors and so on, tax administrators, if on a continental basis you have been able to get together and say, here is the Capacity Building we want and need and here are our preferred instructors. If not, ill work with you. One more. Im with the center for Global Development here in d. C. My question is, i was hoping would you touch on the measurability of some of these targets. I know one of the greatest strengths about the mbgs was they had these specific percentages and numbers that people could actually tangibly measure to varying degrees. Obviously, there is some discussion about the measurability of them, but looking forward to the new framework, what has been your experience with the discussions about how we go about measuring these and comparing progress from year to year . Because i think that has been a huge strength. And also development nowadays is very much focused on the ability to measure the impact. Im curious what your thoughts on that are . I have a question also relating to financing. I want to know what you consider the role and impact of the new Brics Development bank will be Going Forward as it starts in south africa and other countries can then apply to be a part of this new Development Bank. Thank you. Ill let them talk about the brics bank. I heard about it. They were supposed to set it up a few months ago and what it is, im not sure. Measurability. Now we talk a lot about revolution in africa we dont know. The problem has been a lot of things have happened in mbgs, but we dont have the instrument or we have not developed the instrument to measure them. People say well, we have 80 of kids in schools. We have 90 of this or that, but how did we measure them . Sometimes we rely on numbers given by multinationals, multilaterals, but also sometimes by those who have an interest in keeping numbers as they are. Because thats where they get funding from. We have to be aware of them. The finance ministers have a meeting. When the president first talked about a cap, it was at a meeting with the minister of finance and development and they talked about this issue of Capacity Building. Capacity building at the lowest level and at the highest level. And be able to you cannot be accountable if you dont have the capacity. Sometimes its not just corruption. Its mismanagement sometimes. Sometimes its just not knowing what you are doing. Some time money goes through the window because instead of buying this, they buy that. That is not what you need to resolve your problem. For corruption, what level of corruption you want to tolerate . A zero level, but thats a dream. Because wherever there is money, somebody is going to try to steal it if they cant get it honestly. I think the reality is that. Measurability, i think thats okay. Just a couple of selfpromotion things in here. We did a report on governance and Economic Growth at csis. I recommend if you are interested in that issue, well give you one, dr. Dukule before you leave. We did something on corruption, as well. There is something that i want to reference. Up ahead on the issue of Domestic Research mobilization and taxes, if you look at just in africa, if i understand it correctly, the u. N. Had statistics that said in the year 2000 Something Like 100 billion was mobilized through taxes and fees through Domestic Research mobilization. By the year 2010 it was 400 billion. Not all that, some of that is oil, gas and mining revenues. Some of that is increased formality and people paying their taxes. Some of that is a rising middle class. Excludes all the large amount of leakage that dr. Dukule was talking about. That is a lot of money being generated by taxes, even though its not what it should be because there continues to be tax evasion and other challenges. A of people not paying their taxes. If you look at o dfda, its abo 50 billion. I think we hit the high water mark. If its 400 billion and foreign aid is about 60, there is a lot more of this than there is of this. Its five or six times or seven times the amount of foreign aid. I think you are going to see that will continue to rise as you have an increasing middle class. African countries that discovered oil gas and mining. Theres going to be a lot more government money in government coffers. Im not saying its a panacea, but it will be a challenge. The problem on this drm tax stuff, this is not a very sexy or compelling topic. There are no political constituencies in developed countries that are going to get a congressional earmark, to use the american parlance to pay for tax inspectors. Tax inspectors without borders, that gets the heart aflutter. Its darn important because thats where the money is, but its very difficult in the american system to find money or force money because the foreign aid dollars are spoken for. Everybody agrees this is important, but the bureaucratic politics and Interest Group politics in washington to how to allocate those monies goes somewhere else. Not saying they are not valid and important projects, and everybody who fights and dies on that hill for their important piece of that pie, im sure will tell why you their slice is the most important, but i think thats where the money is and there is a lot of leverage there. We ought to be thinking about how we do. Well have a report on this issue of Domestic Research mobilization. If you have trouble sleeping at night, i hope you read it. I want to talk about the bric bank briefly. We need to look at the bric bank as a purely political exercise. The bric bank is a purely political exercise. There are lot of new stories about this, a lot of froth and sizzle. I am highly skeptical. This will ultimately die with a whimper. However, to the extent we are not tending to our knitting of the United States and other participants in the international system, to the extent countries dont feel they are fully participating, i think dr. Dukule talked about some of these issues, i think he put a nuchl interesting issues on the table. To the extent Share Holdings dont necessarily match the size of the economy, especially in the world bank and imf, theres going to be defections from the Bretton Woods system. People exiting out of it. Theres been a series of crypto imfs. When egypt had problems that gulfis played imf, russians said well bail out your Banking System if you give us a naval base. There is an asian selfinsurance imf. Theres a world bank side to this bric bank and imf side to this new bric bank. A lot of problems, what currency . They want to create some new currency. Good luck. I dont think they are going to use yen given the participants involved. Dont think theyll use euros. Hard time imagining they will use the dollar. Ill be curious to see if they will do this in rubles. Dont believe it. I know theres lots of press releases about this. I dont think its real. I would say the other interesting things are the agreement that talked about human rights. Lots of words about human rights in that declaration. Maybe its me, im thinking russia, china, human rights. Figure that one out. Im highly skeptical. Its great, but im not going to hold my breath. Finally on things like what happens, as dr. Dukule was talking about relations are a twoway street. What happens when this new Development Bank provides a loan to xyz country and they decide they are kicking china out as the mining investor in zambia. Elections swung on chinese engagement. Are they going to pull out or not . I do believe the indians are going to bail out the chinese if there is a mega financial crisis in china . I doubt it. Very interesting. I think to the extent we dont take care of things like imf quota reform which is a neighly nichi topic. Has to do with a slight tweet in Share Holdings, people are going to take their bat and ball and go somewhere else. This is a political exercise, in my view. To the extent the United States doesnt tend to its garden, both partially a republican problem and partially a problem for the administration for not selling this, were the only one of g20 countries to not approve imf quota reform. Theres a lot of technical stuff around this basically, its a rejiggering of the share hold g holdings of the imf. I think if we were to fix some things, make tweaks, this would go away quietly. People will ask whatever happened to that bric bank. Quote me on that. If ten years this is the biggest things since sliced bread you can say i was totally wrong. I bet folks a sandwich and club soda this isnt going to be a serious thing in a couple of years time. I think you touched something very important, which is the reform by the imf and world bank. I think that is the key issue. You will not need the bric, the bric banks and all these crypto imf that pop around. How can we get the u. S. To agree to this one little reform . It requires president ial leadership and responsibility from my party the republican party. President obama cut a deal with the republicans. He should cut a deal and he should send Vice President biden up there, but they need to find somebody who can make a deal. Theyve not spent a lot of Political Capital on this, frankly. Theyve got other things in their in box. They have tried, but i dont believe it doesnt excuse republican inaction on this, but i think there are a number of things i could list for you that you could get an easy deal with the republicans on. Its a political conversation, not a question of the arguments or the merits. I think the merits are there. Its a political thing. It requires president ial leadership and republican responsibility. Okay. We are going to take just a couple more questions. Then im going to go to the back of the room. Yes, sir. Lets take these as the last two questions. Mark harrison with the United Methodist church office. Thank you, mr. Ambassador. You didnt mention electricity. We had this whole power africa initiative. The ambassador from botswana. You didnt say anything about agriculture. Electricity for poor people then agriculture. Thank you. Hello, everyone. Thank you so much, dr. Dukule for your wonderful presentation. I wanted to ask if you could speak more about infrastructure developments as it contributes to the ability to accomplish the goals listed on the five pillars. Thank you. A good way to end, particularly with the summit coming up. Maybe you can just say a little bit about the next steps for this as you wrap up. And the presence of the summit and what she is hoping to accomplish there. With the gentleman about electricity, definitely electricity should have been i think i go out with the things we had back in coming out of the cold war process. Okay. We want to open our market, but there are conditionalities. There are so many conditions the u. S. Market was not really open to africa. I dont think so. There was electricity and that links you to the issue of infrastructure. I think infrastructure is still the biggest problem in africa. Transferred to electricity, roads, road network between countries and all of that. I think we still have big issues with infrastructure. I think if we can come up with something from, if this summit, what the president expects, i think she thinks this is a historic moment. That for the first time the u. S. Is saying okay, we can deal with all africa at one point, at some point. We can deal with the whole continent. Not in piece meal but sit around the table with the whole continent and start a dialogue. What will come out of this meeting, i think, is symbolic. I think the first meeting, such meeting is always symbolic. Lets start a dialogue. Lets follow up with real tangible issues. Lets set up committees. Lets set up group of think tanks between africa and the u. S. Let the partnership be at a level of, not only academia, not only on the level of the politicians, but also between the private sector on the continent. The transformation we talk about Economic Transformation is basically and first of all an issue that goes with the private sector. The private sector is part of our conversation. One of the highlevel meetings hopefully in south africa will be about partnership with the private sector. How do we feel private Public Partnership and what is the role of the private sector in the 2015 Development Agenda . I think we have that. What we expect from the summit . I think a dialogue on all these issues, on transformation, on new way of dealing with africa and getting out of the cluster of importing oil and gas from africa to go to different, to other sectors of the market. Also be more aggressive. I think the u. S. Has been very shy in africa. Maybe has to do with our history. The history of the two continent u. S. Has been very shy of africa. There is an opportunity. There is a market. There is a rural law in many countries and puts the possibilities on the continent that can be tackled. Thank you. Thank you very much dr. Dukule and thanks to dan. Thank you all for joining us. I do think theres mixed feelings about the summit coming up. The point is right that its the beginning of a dialogue. Maybe getting over some of our phobias about africa and our notion that somehow making money and investing in africa, making money is unseemly for the United States. Investment and trade are the things that are eventually going to drive the transformation. Youve got structural transformation and inclusive growth that puts the electricity issue that you mentioned, the el culture issue you mentioned and the infrastructure issue right at the center of that. Please join me thanking dr. Dukule. We look forward to the summit. In new york the United NationsSecurity Council is meeting on the crash of the malaysian airliner in ukraine. That meeting live on cspan. You can watch it online on cspan. Org. We are also asking for your comments on the investigation into the crash. You can reach us through twitter at the hash tag cspan chat or facebook page. It shows the incompetence of the eu aviation for routing a civilian plane over a known war zone. Dennis offers this, all those putin lovers should be ashame of themselves. Yes, he is decisive and a strong leader, yes, he just blew up 300 innocent families. Offer your thoughts. Go to facebook at facebook. Com cspan. Well have more on the crash from the white house this afternoon at 1 00 eastern. Thats when press secretary john earnest is scheduled to hold his briefing. Cspan will have live coverage of that. Up next, the increased use of robots to analyze mass communication, subsequent loss of prif of privacy. Thank you, michael. Its a great honor to discuss a paper by two lawyers i greatly admire. If there is a good overlap between the privacy law and policy community of the robot. If any of you care about your Digital Privacy rights and have sort of been hoping that people have been minding the store for us, kevin and amy are two of the most able and committed storyminders on that front we have. Theyve done great work and continue to do great work to protect our privacy rights and other digital rights. Its a great honor to critique and comment and pull apart their paper for you. The paper which, i dont know if it is inspired by the hall and oates song, robot eyes are watching you, watching your every move. The law and policy Communications Surveillance makes the thesis, i stated the abstract, robots are reading your email and asks the question whether private sector, and in particular government nsa automated monitoring scanning filtering and processing of our, the contents and associated meta data of our email is a legal problem. Particularly given the fact that with automated box scanning, the robots, the algorithms can spy on all of us all of the time. In some respects for a mixed crowd, this is a difficult paper to talk about. It is a very artful, impressive, geeky analysis of the legal code of Digital Privacy rights under the Fourth Amendment and under the electric Communications Privacy act. Originally i was tempted to really dig in with you all and talk about smith v maryland and some of the other cases i have not even heard of. I realize for a crowd of lawyers and technologists and policy types interested in the broad policy questions, if we privacy lawyers were to do that, it would be a bit like the computer scientists talking about which protocols they prefer for various sorts of packetswitching functions and it would get very boring very quickly. Im going to talk less about the law and more about the policy questions and the implications of this. A little about the law and what kevin and amy argue in the paper. The paper asks whether bulk collection and scanning by the government is illegal. The answer they have is yes. It is illegal both under the constitutional requirements of the Fourth Amendment, which grant to all of as reasonable expectation of privacy. In this case, confidentiality of our email assessing smith v. Maryland and a bunch of other important and some wellknown, some lesserknown cases. They also talk about the federal wiretapping act. Originally created to deal with the problem of phone tapping by government and private entities. The electronic Communications Privacy act. The ecpa has a lot of exceptions. The basic prohibition is it is illegal, both civilly and criminally, for anyone to intercept the contents of an tlek communicatielectric commun using a device. Police have to get a war