Africas priority but also see how the rest of the globe. 2015, whatever it is, it has to be. Were lucky, as an envoy of the president , to be part of that process, to be part of the process of the u. N. Development, u. N. For 2015 visions, Highlevel Panel that had 24 members from a different part of the world and also cochair by indonesia and britain. Just the same we handed over to secretarygeneral report, the eu met and decided, well, its the time to create this group. Its about creating a group of experts, which was the case of the mpgs. Okay. Start with a political process. Well eliminate a few head of states. They decided two head of states each of the economic regions of africa. Two from west africa, guinea and liberia, two from north africa, algeria, two from central africa, utopia more ittious, south africa and we set up the head of the and the president was named to chair the process. We have been having meetings. The big problem how do you reduce 60 or 70 priorities into workable framework. After many meetings, the Highlevel Committee of head of states was held in new york in september in the un. First thing we did was the issue, what are the issues across the continent. What are the main issues . We came up with five. The five pillars that will be the engine for the development in africa but also serve as our part of the Development Process. Where is the world going. It was not just about africas priorities but also looking at where the world is going, what kind of world do we want to live in, what kind of partnership do we want to create or establish. I think one of the biggest problems i wont say problem but one of the down sides of the mdgs was the partnership was not taken where it was supposed to go. Therefore, the partnership becomes an aspect of the process. We had structural Economic Transformation and inconclusive growth. This was very important. It was important to the president. He said it during the process, kept repeating, no matter what you do, no matter how youre going to deal with social issues, if you dont deal with the economic factor, you still have problems. Because that is the source of inclusion. Thats the source of exclusion. Thats where people are excluded. Thats where people that feel that they are not part of the process and therefore very important to have Economic Transformation not only in liberia, in africa but also around the world. I think the Global Crisis that we all experienced in the last five years showed clearly were interrelated. Something happened in iceland and boomeranged into housing and from the housing to the Banking System and some countries are still feeling it. Special countries like liberia. The second issue was technology and innovation. If you need to create a new set of economic order, you have to have people who are able to sit and think and say, what are our natural capacities. What do we have in the ground in africa . How do we perform africa itself from within without expecting every day somebody coming from our side to tell this is what we need to do. This is how you define development. This is how you define science. Home grown science, can we have home grown innovations. Can we have Home Grown Technology that deal with our issues so we become participant in a global process from an african perspective but not simply sitting there and on the receiving end of issues. The third one was people centered development. The means and end of all Development Issues should be human being. That includes health. I remember mdgs talking about education, education for all. In many countries in africa, we have had up to 80, 90 achievement on that goal. But the quality of education becomes an issue. How do we create quality education. Not just putting kids in the street taking kids out of the street and putting them in the classroom but providing quality education that allows them to be able to prepare themselves for a decent life, get good jobs and be able to live as human beings. And also that the center for development, the perspective, 20 years ago when we were talking about development, it was more like do you how many White Elephants can you build, big house, big hotels nobody can stay in, highways into the desert. Now were saying development is about simple things. People have clean water. Mothers not dying in childbirth. Children not dying after six months of life. Children going to school. People not having to work ten months to go to a Primary School where theres no teacher or classroom. You have to refocus development on those basic issues, basic health care, basic education and basic needs taking care of transportation. That include also migration. How do you stop people from creating more ghettos and slums in the cities because theres nothing to do in the village. How do you organize, quote, unquote, organize the village so people dont have to rush into the city. Number four was environmental stability, Natural Resource management and disaster and Risk Management. This is very important for africa, because we if you look back into history, maybe back to 400 years ago that africa has served as a place where things are taken from. Human beings, resources, gold, diamonds, slavery, everything else. How do we exchange that process. We cant do it alone. We have to work with other people to do it. And also Climate Change. We say that africa that an issue with Climate Change. Were facing the consequences of what is happening, but we have not created the problem we face, although we have part of the solution, part of the solution, we want to be part of the solution, how to mitigate Climate Change know pretty well that we are not the primary responsible of Climate Change. That happened before we even got into this part of development. Finance and partnership. Sometimes when we talk about africa in terms of development, we think about somebody coming in with a bank book and say if you do that, you do that. Were saying, can we change that model, can we have home grown economies that take care of first all african needs. How do you do that. How do you transform the economy and how do you finance that. As you were saying, taxation, local resources, a lot in africa that have not been tapped maybe because we always looked at outsiders to come with solutions. Therefore we pay little attention to our own potentials. That had to change. That will change i give you an example, 50 to 60 billion a year, official development but 3 to 4 billion fly out legally or illegally. I remember three days ago i was listening to npr. The secretary of commerce of the u. S. Was talking about how do we Start Companies from moving headquarters into other countries so they dont pay taxes in the u. S. Well, so we have something we both have to fight. How do we measure capital flight people working with resources pay the new taxes so they come up and say oh, we need a tax break for five years. At the end of the five years, they have made enough money to move out to the next country next door and start the same process. It has been going on in africa for a long time. We have companies that work in liberia, have a tax break for five or six years. At the end of the six years they have enough money to go to sierra leone to say we have new ideas. We can probably do this. How do we stop doing that . Also the money from african economies are going to tax havens, dont go to an african company, go to europe, american banks. They go around. How do we create a new partnership where financing, partnership really is partnership not what we have old concept of you are my partner but i decide what you do. I decide what is on the table. I decide what is, you know, visible and not visible. Here talking about next week, two weeks from now african president s will be talking to the president of the u. S. And i think part of the discussions. These are issues we need to talk about. Talk about partnership. Not about you deciding as a big brother what is good for your market and what is good for my market at the same time. That means theres no partnership. Its a big brother thing. That mentality has to change. We think its possible to change. We think africa has changed in terms of governance, in terms of being able to know what the resources are and in terms of the whole global outlook. The economies far from yesterday powerful. Russia is not the same russia it was 10, 15, 20 years ago. China is no longer the same china. Clean air is everybodys problem. I think these are the issues. But i give you five but theres a six one that came in at the african summit in june. That is peace and security. Before the head of state adopted a document, they said we like what you have, we like what the committee has done, but theres one important aspect of issues in africa that we need to tackle that is peace and security. That if you dont have peace, if you dont have security, whatever you do is thrown out of the window. I give you a good example of sudan, south sudan. Everybody was so excited about south sudan being independent, the end of the war in sudan. One of the longest wars of all time in africa. The African Development bank went and invested Something Like 400 million into infrastructure. But now what is left of probably old cars, burned down, 4 million that went in there has all gone through the window. So without peace, without security youre not going to be able to do anything. Our problem with that one problem we face, there is a group of people the u. N. , nations, peace and security around the world. They shut down peace and security discussion when were talking about when were talking Highlevel Panel, u. N. Policy. No, talk about peace and security, this is part of a security councilman date. Therefore, whatever you do, just stay away, talk about city, inner city, talk about other things. But peace and security, no, you cannot use that. In africa we say we are 27 of the u. N. , so well talk about it. Well put in our agenda. What term come up when the political discussions start, thats a different thing. But we dont often see peace in terms of boots on the ground, that you need to have jets flying over to quell the conflict. To send troops to any conflict, you already have thousands and thousands of dead people and mostly young people, women, children, the most vulnerable. The funny thing is, the most conflict, the army always survives but everybody else dies. So we are looking at peace in terms of peace building, putting an end to inequalities. Driving something where people do not have to fight for their rights. Most part of the continent, africa has changed in their life. We have three generation of leaders in africa. First we have the founding fathers. They had great ideas including mandela who just died, great ideas for the transformation of the continent, integrating continent economically, militarily and financially but didnt have the means to do it. All of a sudden somehow there was a transition in the 70s, 80s and every day you are new military leaders from some country. That crystallize the idea of africa being in stable insecure and not worthy of investment. That idea went for almost 20 years. Now we have a new set of leadership from senegal to south africa. 90 of leaders are elected, the people not to the west or east as it was in the 1980s. In the 1980s if washington liked you, you could be in power for 50 years. If russia liked you, you could be in power for 50 years. Then how you went out. But that has changed. Elections took place. Good or bad elections are not perfect. They take place. People respond to the government not respond to the needs of the people. Therefore we have a new africa. I think in that sense africa had changed and capable, able to look at our problems and say these are our issues. These are our problems. But we are not doing that in isolation. We know u. N. Process is a global process. Youre thinking about 200 and some countries who have their own interest, giving ourselves developing the common african position, we have those issues. Some people talk about economy, south being more important, some talk about how do you deal with the region came to us with interest, consumption, climate issues, security. Yes, these are all beautiful ideas when we get to you for negotiation, well sit and talk about those. For the time being well focus on what africa wants to do, where africa wants to go and what world we want to live in 20 years from now. We have some comparative advantages as africans. We sides being 27 of the u. N. , africa will be the youngest continent in 20 years. Maybe say five out of seven Young Persons capable of working age will be living in africa. Africa will have tremendous Natural Resources. Africa will be modern. Consumers of goods. These are issues we think about and we take seriously and we like to be able to discuss with the rest of the world. So we have copies that we brought. I would like to pass them around and then open up for discussion for the rest of the time. Ben and jennifer, thank you. Thank you very much, dr. Dukule. Really excellent. I think there will be lots of questions as well. Whats interesting to me about this set of pillars is that it opens up a whole new range of players in kind of the development agenda. I think mdgs were very much focused on government to government and or philanthropy to government. Whereas this one if you talk about instructial transformation its very much investors, banks, private equity and so forth. If you talk about science and technology, it brings a whole new community. I think science and tech partnerships from the United States and other countries has been, you know, a promising area of growth and expansion whether its agriculture, health. On a whole range of issues. On the Natural Resource management, obviously thats a big one. Weve been doing work recently on the new Energy Producers and the big new flows, oil and gas coming out of east africa. How will that get managed. Interesting on the capital flight issue, kofi annan a couple years ago on the African Progress Panel put out that report, shell, tax havens, tax avoidance at the same time g8 at the uk summit very much set on setting Global Standards for transparency or tax enforcement for rules on beneficiary ownership of these various companies. I think this agenda blends very well with that one on the Natural Resource manage. Im going to turn to dan to see if he wants to take the first question and then well open up, take a couple at a time. I dont think well not go, i dont think, for the full hour, but well see how the questionandanswer goes. Thank you. I thought that was very interesting. Thank you for your time. Id be curious about this issue of the role in china, the driver of development. When i was in liberia i asked every public leader i met how they saw china and i got a variety of thoughtful answers and interesting answers, a view of China Development as an actor, id be curious about that. Yes. I have my idea about china as driver of development and also my idea about the u. S. Driver of development. I have my idea of china being the new kid on the block in terms of Development Investment in africa. They have a lot of cash. One time i think somebody asked a president here what do you think about china. She said, well, they promise and usually they deliver. So africa has a lot of needs. Theres a downside, of course, we dont want to be dependent still the same cycle of dependency you dont want to fall into. You dont want to fall into the china being the factory and africa being the consumer. Africa according to Natural Resources of china, because thats really whats happening. If you go through the market of dakar where 10 years ago you could onbuy handmade things by a woman in the market, they are made in china. A few years back when i was there i saw flags african nation, flag, balloons. I asked the kids, let me see. I looked at it and it was made in china. I said, why not in ghana. Im aware of china. I think people are starting to think about, okay, china, you have the money, you have resources, but africa has its own gena and it should not be driven by the interest of china. It should not be driven simply because china has money. Easy money is also a problem. Thank you. [ inaudible ] good morning. Thank you, dr. Dukule. Im Barbara Simmons dean at tutman university. One of the things you mentioned was a new africa. We just had our first commencement at which president sur leaf was keynote speaker. Earlier somebody said we were producing a new breed of student. Can you talk more about the new breed of africa. We build recertainly in developing countries. Im wondering how does this process working on mdgs work with agenda and african vision for the future of africa and is the process overlapping and how is that working . Do you have another . Yeah. New breed of students. I think the emphasis is on the quality of education. Tutman university i know, i was there when it was first opened by the president. We talked about it. The fact, for example, tutman university is now talking about creating science labs, agriculture labs to deal with products that are coming from maryland like rubber maryland, liberia. Yes. The social, rubber, palm oil, sugarcane, all producing in liberia, maryland, liberia, how to transform those and change the economy. Make sure kids dont say i have to get up and go to monrovia and get a job. I can work in the factory, as a scientist in my own country to do something. Thats what we call the new breed of students. I think thats whats big on the president s agenda. Also an essential part of the creating a new sort of education, a new curriculum that is based on africas needs, based on where africa wants to go and also based on africas resources. On the question of 2063, 2063 is a longterm vision that is being developed by the au, african union. That is a 50year plan. It goes hand in hand with the cup, take something from the cup but what it sa