Any capability, maybe not designed to catch every single thing that they could lob at us. But long enough to buy our leaders some time to be able to make an assessment and have options, if you will. The nation would have options. So i continue to believe that were on the right path. Thats part of a larger continuum of capabilities. And i dont think we ever want to give up on the idea that we have some capability in the Missile Defense tool kit. All right. I think well take one more question right here. Wait for the mike. Yeah. Im anna wilderman. For the first and only time in history, i attended the 35th reunion of the graduates of the Philippines Science High School 1970, and this is, i call it learning trips, okay . And this is what i learned because theyre assessing, because im an american, okay. And this is a reminder to me by the general, joint chiefs and economic minister, remind the americans that to us zerobased budget is zero, nothing. We dont have anything to spend at the end of the year. So that means, you know all right. Thats easy, but i retired from the navy. Lets keep it on Missile Defense. Goodbye. Thank you very much. We have about seven minutes before our next panel. Were going to have frank rose, assistant secretary of state and steve pifer from brookings, and well be back in about seven minutes to continue our conversation for some International Dimensions. Thank you very much. Thank you both of you. Thank you. Here are a few of the book festivals we will cover this spring on cspan 2s book tv. In the middle of may we will visit maryland for live coverage of the gaithersburg book festival with david axelrod. We will close out may at book expo america in new york city where the Publishing Industry showcases their upcoming books. On the first week in june we are live for the Chicago Tribune printers row litfest including our three hour long indepth program with Pulitzer Prize winning author Lawrence Wright and your phone calls. Thats this spring on cspan 2s book tv. Remarkable partnerships. Iconic women. Their stories in first ladies the book. She did save the portrait of washington which was one of the things that endeared her to the entire nation. Whoever could find out where frances was staying, what she was wearing, what she was doing, what she looked like, who she was seeing, that was going to help sell papers. She takes over a Radio Station and starts running it. How do you do that . And she did it. She exerted enormous influence because she would move a mountain to make sure that her husband was protected. First ladies now a book published by public affairs, looking inside the personal life of every first lady in american history, based on original interviews from cspans first ladies series. Learn about their lives ambitions, families and unique partnerships with their president ial spouses. First ladies, president ial historians on the lives of 45 iconic american women, filled with lively stories of fascinating women who survived the scrutiny of the white house, sometimes at a great personal cost, often changing history. Cspans first ladies is an illuminating, entertaining and inspiring read, now available as a hard cover or ebook through your favorite bookstore or online book seller. More now from this forum on Missile Defense. This panel looks at the International Implications of u. S. Missile defense including concerns of russia over advancements in u. S. Technology. Speakers include frank rose, assistant secretary of state for arms control, verification and compliance. All right. Were going to now resume with our second panel on the International Dimensions. There was a comment made by the general on the first panel about not too finely disaggregating homeland and regional Missile Defense. He specifically pointed to aegis but of course the capabilities go beyond that. But this panel will be on International Dimensions in part working with allies. To begin this discussion we will first have assistant secretary of state frank rose who is always flying somewhere to talk about these issues. Followed by ambassador steve pifer to talk about some other things as well. Were going to start with assistant secretary rose. Well, tom, thanks very much for that kind introduction. And its actually good to be back here in washington. By the way of introduction, my name is frank rose, im the assistant secretary of state for arms control verification and compliance. My work at the state department is focused on enhancing strategic stability around the world. Arms control, verification, compliance are some of the tools that we use to enhance strategic stability and reassure our allies and partners that we will meet our security commitments. Missile defense is another tool to do just that. At the state department, im responsible for overseeing a wide range of defense issues, including Missile Defense cooperation with our allies and partners around the world. In this capacity, i serve as the lead u. S. Negotiator for the Missile Defense basing agreements in romania, turkey and poland. So im pleased to be here today to discuss our efforts at enhancing Missile Defense cooperation with our allies and partners. One of the key goals from the 2010 ballistic Missile Defense review or bmdr. Now, you have already heard from elaine and the general about our Missile Defense policy and operations. So, instead, let me focus my remarks on three areas. One, the significant progress we have made in implementing the european phase adaptive approach and nato Missile Defense. Two, cooperation on Missile Defense with allies outside of europe. And three, ill conclude with a few points on russia and Missile Defense. Before i do that, i do want to reiterate one point that you undoubtedly heard from elaine and ken. The president s fiscal year 2016 budget protects and enhances our important Missile Defense priorities such as european phase adaptive approach and reflects the high priority we place on these efforts. As such, the u. S. Commitment to nato Missile Defense and the sites in romania and poland remains as former secretary of defense chuck hagel said, quote, ironclad. With that, let me take a few moments to discuss where we are with regards to overall implementation of the president s european phase adaptive approach or epaa. And the United StatesNational Contribution to the north atlantic treaties organizations Missile Defense system. In 2009, the president announced that the epaa would, quote, provide stronger, smarter and swifter defenses of American Forces in americas allies. While relying on, quote, capabilities that are proven and cost effective. Since then, we have been working hard to implement his vision and have made Great Strides in recent years. I just returned from turkey and romania last week and had the opportunity to discuss our progress with these two key partners. Tur tur kay turkey was the first to receive in phase one with the deployment in 2011. At the same time, we began the start of a sustained deployment of aegis ballistic Missile Defense or aegis bmdcapable ships in the mediterranean. With the declaration of interim ballistic Missile Defense or bmd capability at the nato chicago summit in may 2012, the radar in turkey was transitioned to nato operational control. Additionally, spain agreed in 2011 the to host four aegiscapable ships at the existing naval facility as a spanish contribution to nato Missile Defense. In february of last year, the first of four Missile Defense capable ships, uss donald cook arrived in spain. A second ship, uss ross joined her last june. During 2015, two more of these multimission ships, uss porter and uss carney will forward deploy. These multimission ships will conduct Maritime Security operations, humanitarian missions, training exercises, and support u. S. And nato operations, including Missile Defense. Currently, we are focused on completing the deployment of an aegis ashore site in romania as part of phase two of the epaa. Romanias strong support for the timely completion of the arrangements needed to implement this deployment in romanias provision of security and its infrastructure efforts have been superb. In october 2014, the u. S. Navy held an historic Naval Support facility establishment ceremony at the Missile Defense facility at the air base in romania. This ceremony established the naval facility and installed its first u. S. Commando. Currently, this site is on schedule to be completed by the end of this year. And when operational, the site, combined with bmd capable ships in the mediterranean will enhance coverage of nato from short and medium range Ballistic Missiles from the middle east. And finally, there is phase 3. This phase includes a site in poland equipped with the new sm3 block 2a intercepter. The site is on schedule for deployment in the 2018 time frame. For example, this, the president s fy 16 budget includes approximately 200 million for the establishment of this site. The interceptor site in poland is key to the epaa. When combined with other epaa assets, phase two phase three will provide the necessity capabilities to provide ballistic Missile Defense coverage of all nato european territory in the 2018 time frame. So as you can see, we are continuing to implement our president s vision for stronger, smarter and swifter Missile Defenses in europe. I would also like to highlight the efforts that our nato ally, of our nato allies to develop and deploy their own National Contributions for Missile Defense. A great example is that today patriot batteries from three nato countries are deployed in turkey under nato command and control to augment turkeys air defense capabilities in response to the crisis on turkeys southeastern border. Voluntary National Contributions are the foundation of the nato Missile Defense system. And there are several approaches allies can take to make important and valuable contributions in this area. First, allies can acquire fully capable bmd systems possessing sensor, shooter and command and control capabilities. Second, allies can acquire new sensors or upgrade existing ones to provide a key ballistic Missile Defense capability. Finally, allies can contribute to natos ballistic Missile Defense capability by providing essential basing support. Such as turkey, romania, poland and spain have already agreed to do. In all of these approaches, however, the most critical requirement is nato interoperatability. Yes, acquiring a Missile Defense capability is good in and of itself but if that capability is not interoperable with the alliance then its value as contribution to Alliance Deterrence and defense is significantly diminished. It is only through interoperatability, and enhance nato bmd through shared battle space awareness and reduce interceptor wastage. Let me now turn to some of the other regions of the world. The United States in cooperation with our allies and partners is continuing to bolster Missile Defenses in other key regions such as the middle east and the asia pacific in order to strengthen regional deterrence architectures. In the middle east, we are already cooperating with our key partners bilaterally and multilaterally through such as the recently established Gulf Cooperation Council or gcc Strategic Cooperation Forum. At the september 26, 2013, Strategic Cooperation Forum, secretary kerry and his Foreign Ministry counterparts reaffirmed their intent first stated at the september 28th 2012 Strategic Cooperation Forum to quote, work towards enhanced u. S. gcc coordination on ballistic Missile Defense. Several of our partners in the region have expressed an interest in buying Missile Defense systems, and some have already done so. For example, the United Arab Emirates or uae has contracted to buy two terminal highaltitude area defense or thaad batteries when operational will enhance the uaes National Security as well as regional stability. The uae has also taken delivery of its patriot pac 3 batteries, which provide a lower tier point defense of Critical National assets. We look forward to advancing cooperation and interoperatability with our gcc partners in the coming months and years ahead. Additionally and separately, the United States maintains a Strong Defense relationship with israel and our cooperation on Missile Defense has resulted in a comp comprehensivecomp hensce hence comprehensive Missile Defense architecture for israel. The weapon system, and the arrow weapons system in conjunction with operational cooperation with the United States create a multi layered architecture designed to protect the israeli people from varying types of missile threats. And japan are working closely together to develop the sm 3 block 2a interceptor which will make a key contribution to our european phase adaptive approach as well as being deployed in other regions of the world. We also recently completed the deployment of a second antpy2 radar into japan which will enhance the defense of both the United States and japan. And finally were continuing to work on enhancing interoperability between u. S. And Japanese Forces which will be aided by recent changes to the defense cooperation guidelines which we expect to be completed soon. We also continue to consult closely with our allies in australia. For example, as a result of u. S. Australia Foreign and defense ministerial level consultations over the past year, the United States and australia have established a bilateral Missile Defense working group to examine options for potential australian contributions to ballistic Missile Defense. Additionally, we are also consulting closely with the republic of korea as it develops the korean air and Missile Defense system, which is designed to defend the republic of korea against air and missile threats from north korea. The republic of korea recently announced it plans to purchase patriot pac 3 missiles, which will enhance its capability to defend against the north korean Ballistic Missile threat. Finally, let me say a few things about Missile Defense and russia. Prior to the suspension of our dialogue on Missile Defense as a result of russias illegal actions in ukraine, russia continued to demand that the United States provided legally binding guarantees that our Missile Defenses will not harm or diminish its Strategic Nuclear deterrent. These guarantees would have been based on a criteria that would have limited our Missile Defenses and undermined our abilities to stay ahead of the Ballistic Missile threat. The ballistic Missile Defense review is quite clear on our policy. U. S. Missile defense is not designed nor directed against russia and chinas Strategic Nuclear forces. However, at the same time, we have also made it clear that we cannot and will not accept legally binding or other constraints that limit our ability to defend ourselves, our allies and our partners. The security of the United States, its allies and partners is our first and foremost solemn responsibility. As such, the United States will cont