Negro soldier toca the film was directed by arguably the top director in hollywood at the time. In the film they covered africanamerican military service in this country from the 1770s to world war ii. There was no mention, no image of a single soldier or sailor. 10 of the union army. African made of 1 of the northern population. Highest awarded but not a single mention. Why . The story was indeed a lost story. There was active suppression of the story. When we talk about who suppress the story he will hear it was the lost cause. Theres a southern Propaganda Campaign but sought to make it appear that the war was not fought over slavery and a part of it was suppressing the africanamerican story. If it was the southerners and the lost cause, i do not think they could cap get out of that. Ar Department Film this is from our elite universities. A lost story. They were suppressing the story. It was won by a union, a team of persons of africanamerican descent. Theres a plus, not an or. Thats a lost story. To examine the story of the day in this lecture, were going to begin by examining the emancipation proclamation as a strategic document. Are going to get the views of the president of the United States and the view of the president of the confederacy. We need not be confused, but why the mess patient proclamation of issued because the offer the proclamation told us it was a fit and necessary war measure. Declared lincoln forever free, all persons held as slaves in the 10 states at war with the United States, only in those 10 states there were 15 slaveholding states, there were sections of sleep holdings dates exempt from the emancipation prop nation because they were recognized as being functionally back in the union. 12 parishes in louisiana, around new orleans, exempt from the emancipation proclamation. , inwestern part of virginia june of 1863 would become its own state, west virginia. The counties around norfolk, exempt from the emancipation proclamation. The emancipation proclamation only applied to those parts of the country that were in active rebellion against the United States. I want to point out that ,rederick douglass in 1861 said thats how its going to look. Africanamericans were not surprised. But what was the Strategic Value of the emancipation proclamation, in the opinion of Jefferson Davis . What the Jefferson Davis have to say about the emancipation proclamation . The emancipation proclamation was quote, an authentic statement by the end of the United States of its inability to subjugate the south. Jeff davis believes the emancipation proclamation is an and vision that they need the help of persons of african descent. It is an admission, we need the available talent to win this war. Abraham lincoln is criticized i some union men saying, we dont agree with this proclamation. We will fight for the union, but were not willing to fight for the negro emancipation of slaves. Lincoln tells his union supporters, i issued the proclamation on purpose to aid you in saving the union. Its very clear what the purpose of the emancipation proclamation is. Where can i do this go back here. He says, the admission is to save the union. In issuing it to save the union, we must offer them something if we expect them to risk their lives. What were going to offer them is freedom. We cant expect them to fight if we dont offer them freedom. , andissued it on purpose weve added emancipation to this because like any other man, we need to offer them a reason, a motivation. They must have a motive to fight. That motive of emancipation during he says, once we offer this, we will not take it back. We see that lincoln supports very strongly and amendments to the constitution to ensure that this executive order has more meaning and has a lasting power. The effect it has on america upon African Community is huge. For those of you in the earlier lecture, you know what i mean when i say uncle tom. The importance of the emancipation proclamation, it made him, like the disciple thomas he says, this is the real deal. Douglas who once recommended you denounce the constitution as the guilty compromise with slavery to form the union is now saying, i was wrong. We are going to be able to end the tyranny of slavery and lead with the constitution he says, since the stern necessities of the struggle have laid bare the naked issue of freedom on one side and slavery on the other, freedom shall have in the future of this conflict if necessary, my blood, close quote. Lincolns proclamation has given this iseason to fight the name of their secret organization. Provides the most prolific recruiters of africanamericans. Secret organization of believed a day would come when in league with the constitution we can rise up and strike a blow to liberty. This was an asset that lincoln had to know about because his head of intelligence in the first 18 months of the war in the Eastern Theater was allan pinkerton. Iskerton observed yet prevented in taking of defense in arms of their rights. Existed. New this asset emancipation proclamation, he expected to get some assets from the African Community. He does get some assets, and those assets are far better trained than we have been left to believe. Would say, of this organization were able to commend all the intelligent and effective black men as agents in the United States. Pinkerton had been familiar with john scoble. A lot of times when people say john scoble they look for a single individual. Scoble is a code word or code name telling you that these are men who are familiar with military operations who are inside the confederacy providing. S information if the lost story is where youve been, you have no idea who john scoble is. Scoble school pinkerton on the loyal league and its objectives. Many of these soldiers, many of these operatives, they were trained in canada. Williams still in his book on , a goodrground railroad athlete who comes to the philadelphia office, he often says hes a good specimen for john bolton. John bull. Still would write of galloway, abram allied himself faithfully until uncle sam became involved in the contest with the rebels, then he would go down to North Carolina, working closely with Benjamin Butler. Scoblentessential john he was faithfully aligned to john bull, the british equivalent of uncle sam. In this relationship of fugitive slaves and americans of african descent in canada, with the , was somethingy that was nurtured by the real u ncle. Inerit beach stowes Harriet Beecher stowes novel, she does not give you the model for her character. Henson does escape with his family and makes it to canada in 1830. In 1837, he is appointed commission a captain in the british militia of upper canada and is the commander of the second Essex Company in the british militia. In the rebellion in upper canada, his company is instrumental in putting down the rebellion. Relationship that has been nurtured with the british in canada. When William Howard day, hezekiah fort douglas, when harry at seven,. Tubman harriett tubman, when a number of important individuals, when they go to canada, they are going there and getting good military trainings ordered by the british supported by the british. This is a relationship that was nurtured by captain josiah henson. That het to point out was known for recruiting for the u. S. Colored troops for the u. S. And he was kind of heavyhanded. One person complained said, he tried to make me enlist and thats against the law. He goes to court, goes on trial hes found not guilty. That key, john scoble, is abraham galloway. Galloway decides he wants to get his mother in wilmington, north airliner. He gets his mother in the middle of the war, brings her to the new northern carolina where the union occupies mainly because of the work of his network of spies, while saying we want to help her get to the north in safety. Its essential gone john scoble quintessential john scoble. He is speaking king to the early successors of benjamin f. Butler. With abraham galloway, one thing butler discerned rather quickly is that theres no way youre going to convince the negro is in. Inferior. A lot of his early successes was because of his Information Network he was getting, and abraham galloway. Another general that benefited early, a lot of times these generals that anything early from the contributions of her sons of african descent persons of african descent, they have a tendency to give something in return. Fremont,john seda general fremont in 1856, hes a republican candidate for the presidency, and he ran on the ticket of the champions of freedom. Hes very much an abolitionist great one would say too radical to get elected in 1966. In 1960 the republicans sought a more moderate candidates. Congress passed confiscation act that said anyone working in a military capacity for the rebels, they would be given refuge by the union and anyone who is contributing. It doesnt say that your emancipated. What fremont does out in , missouri is a slaveholding state and youve got a civil war inside a civil or in missouri. Fremont is successful in defending his position mainly because of his spy network. The loyal league it worked. Moses dixon being the key leader and i alwaysouri, like to say that when we look at some of these leaders we can look at them as being associated with organizations. You can track a lot of who these loyal League Leaders are. Very common connection you will see among these leaders. One of the rewards that fremont has legislation passed, he issued the emancipation proclamation in the department of three. Lincoln tells him, you cant do that. Says, i will do it if you send me a public letter. But you have to publish that letter to the public. Lincoln basically says, you have over the authority that congress has given us. As aln is using Congress Good executive. Somebody said, he did not do that always. The constitution only gives that. Uthority to congress butlers spies had told him what was going on and lincoln did not want to reveal who the spies were. Lift, tos required to resent his emancipation proclamation. Abolitionistlina, general david hunter, when he takes command, he sees the benefits of this Guerrilla Force led by Prince Rivers, later rivers. During the war hes a sergeant. Sergeant Prince Rivers is the and when hunter takes command, appreciating the work these africanamericans have done there, he issues his emancipation proclamation. Issues and emancipation proclamation and lincoln immediately tells him to resend it. This is may of 1862 and its illegal. Lincoln ignored it for a while. And there was a congressional inquiry. The congressional inquiry asked if he had organized a regiment of fugitive slaves. This is hunters response. For the first question i reply that no regiment of fugitive slaves have has been or is being organized in this department. There is a fine regiment of persons whose late masters are fugitive rebels. Got that kind of response on the floor of the house. Regiment disband the because it was illegal. 1865 july 17, 1862, the militia act of 1862 was signed into law giving president lincoln the authority to employ persons of african descent in any military capacity he saw fit. After this act was signed about a month later, the Water Department gives orders to general rufus saxton to go down to South Carolina and reconstitute his regiment and gives him the authority to raise at least four more regiments of 5000 men. Thece rivers would become leader of the South Carolina regiment. Higginson would get the appointment as the commander. Higginson would make it clear that when it came to all of the offices, Prince Rivers had a Great Authority over the troops. He makes this clear in and he makes it clear that Prince Rivers should have gotten a commission in real time, because that was the regiment. He goes on to say that whenever they go on rates, he would never assign anyone over a rate when Prince Rivers was on it other whenPrince Rivers raid Prince Rivers was on it other than Prince Rivers. Four raids going on. Higginson makes it very clear that Prince Rivers raids were always the most successful. Also down in South Carolina in late 1862 when his regiment was reconstituted, you have one of those spies trained in canada. Had a letter of recommendation from the governor of massachusetts and said, put it to work in a military capacity. Higginson points out something very interesting. This applies to a lot of the United States color troop regiments. He said it always seemed an insult to me to these brave men to have novices put over their heads on the grounds of color alone. The men felt it more keenly as they remain longer in service. They kind of knew who could really play quarterback or middle linebacker. They knew, so this was an insult to them. Higginson is noting this. Slip coming with africanamerican officers are louisiana native guard. Guess whos responsible for bringing these africanamerican officers . Regimentstwo legal brought into the service are louisiana native guards. In a regiment you have 60 line offices, captain and lieutenant. The captains our company commanders. People say, they were brought in but they werent in command. The word commander after company men they were in command. Who brings them in . Benjamin s butler. Those first regiments, all of their line officers and these are very confident regiments. Butler takes note of that. They are being drilled by africanamerican officers. Quote, i observed a very remarkable trait about them. They were outstanding from the beginning. Butler is noting this. Why are they outstanding from the beginning . Many of them come from military tradition of african officers captured in war and brought to the Mississippi River valley. Theres a secret Organization Organizing every since henry garnet put out that call from buffalo in 1843 for soldiers. You have Buffalo Soldiers, Freedom Fighters who were well trained when the civil war begins. That is what butler is noting. Officers, nos officer, gets promoted. Competent officer, gets promoted. Their principal duty is to guard the communications line, also along the roads, transportation railroads. Them. S, i dont want i dont have no confidence in their ability to fight. He says, i also believe their very presence is going to cause a violent insurrection. His chiefght back to of staff, at that time major george strong. Strong is making butlers case to say, you dont think the negroes will fight . You know more than general Andrew Jackson . General Andrew Jackson leather fathers into battle and he had a very high opinion of them. Fathers into battle and he had a very high opinion of them. He says, havent you been watching our army . We encourage insubordination to their former masters. Anyway. Oing to happen command, they captured louisiana. In december of 1860 three, butler is replaced by general daniel banks. Is a former governor of massachusetts. In 1859 when the General Assembly passed legislation that allowed men of african descent ofjoin the state militia massachusetts, banks had vetoed legislation. Does not like having these africanamerican officers in his command. He comes after them. When yous very clear start looking at who gets discharged first, they tend to be the darker skinned officers. The lighter skinned officers stay around. Feigned them had they once volunteered with the confederacy. Their acts of sabotage when theyre in new orleans, its really quite evident. Its quite clear what theyre up to. A number of these officers did not even come from louisiana. Lewis, also the of the lodge there, he was actually a formerly enslaved person from the city. However, you track the history, he will never say he was a slave. Soldiers,ese buffalo they believe they are captains, prisoners of war held against their will and all men can make them a slave. They will refer to themselves as freeman. He refers to himself as a captain and a free person by gods will. And i do not recognize the injustice of man in defining who i am. That would be someone like captain, commander of company k of the first louisiana native guard. He was a captain during the civil war, commander of company a. Page back could have passed. Pinch backs sister in 1863 was writing him letters saying, why dont you pass . An easy life if you passed. But he refused to. He proudly wore the fact that he was of african descent and he probably were his fathers name, which was of european descent. Recruitingen he was he gets these two recruits. They had been brought over illegally in the transatlantic , oven referredng to as slave trade, but its Human Trafficking, so theyre not slaves. There enslaved here in america and kidnapped in africa. Enlistst they tried to at first pitch accent, pinchback said, you dont know english well enough. Ive been drilling them. They know the drill. Inchback gave them an audition. Say theyt isabel would were as good as any soldier they had in the second louisiana banks does not like having these africanamerican officers around. He has these review boards to get rid of them. Isn you start looking at who gotten rid of first, is the darker skinned officers. Banks has this idea of a texas expedition where he wants to go down the red river in the spring of 1963 and go into texas, but by the general in chief, says no, you need to help the operations against vicksburg.