Transcripts For KPIX 60 Minutes 20151116

Can work with . Yeah. This is the job. Pelley paul ryan didnt want the thankless job of leading a fractured majority that cant keep its promises. Besides, he preferred his house in janesville, wisconsin, to the peoples house in washington. It has been polarizing. It has been dysfunctional. And at this time in our countrys history, we cant afford to keep this dysfunction going. Kroft not since football was nearly banned 100 years ago has the sport been under the microscope the way it is today, and all of it has to do with matters of the brain. You think the games safer than its ever been before . I do. I am convinced of it. I think the changes weve made have had real results. Kroft can you take the violence out of football . No. Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im morley safer. Im bill whitaker. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. The future belongs to the fast. And to help you accelerate, weve created a new company. One totally focused on whats next for your business. The True Partnership where people,technology and ideas push everyone forward. Accelerating innovation. Accelerating transformation. Accelerating next. Hewlett packard enterprise. Daveand starting each day game, with a delicious bowl of heart healthy kelloggs raisin bran. Hows your cereal . Sweet tastes like winning. How would you know what winning tastes like . Invest in your heart health, with kelloggs raisin bran. No crying today. Makes me feel stopped up. Thats called opioidinduced constipation, or oic. A different kind of constipation. Finding relief has been a real struggle. Paint a different picture. Talk to your doctor about oic and prescription treatment options. The allnew tacoma. Toyota. Lets go places. Withof my moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Ordinary objects often seemed. Intimidating. Doing something simple. Meant enduring a lot of pain. If ra is changing your view of everyday things orencia may help. Orencia works differently by targeting a source of ra early in the inflammation process. For many, orencia provides longterm relief of ra symptoms. Its helped new ra patients and those not helped enough by other treatments. Do not take orencia with another biologic medicine for ra due to an increased risk of serious infection. Serious side effects can occur including fatal infections. Cases of lymphoma and lung cancer have been reported. Tell your doctor if youre prone to or have any infection like an open sore, the flu, or a history of copd, a chronic lung disease. Orencia may worsen your copd. If youre not getting the relief you need. Ask your doctor about orencia. Orencia. See your ra in a different way. Kroft two days after the paris terror attacks, there are these developments. Cbs news is reporting there were eight attackers, seven of whom are dead. One is at large. Paris is on edge. French police have recovered a car outside the city they believe the surviving attacker used to make his escape. It contained three ak47 assault rifles. Seven people have been detained in belgium as part of the investigation. Isis has claimed responsibility for the series of attacks, which left at least 129 people dead. Hundreds more were injured, including nearly 100 in critical condition. Scott pelley is in paris for us. Pelley on this sunday night, the great bells of notre dame paid tribute to the dead and to the wounded. Youre about to meet two witnesses to the assault on paris. One of them was shot as he played dead inside the concert hall where most of the victims were killed. The other watched innocent people shot down by one of the terrorists. Together they paint a picture of the day darkness descended on the city of light. What was the very first thing you saw . Colclough a gunman. Dressed in black. Black boots, black trousers, tight, a black sweater of sorts, no collar. And standing in a very clear gun position, shooting position. He was holding a weapon, and had it shoulder. Had it shouldered, and was shooting quite deliberately and precisely. Pelley mark colclough, a danish psychotherapist, was walking with a friend toward the bonne biere cafe. Where was he shooting . Colclough the french have a habit of having chairs outside the cafe, so you can sit with your back to the window, and just watch the world go by. And people were doing that. And he shot three of them, just like that. The three that were sitting outside, he shot very quickly. Pelley so, as he opens fire on the crowd outside the cafe. Colclough three people. There wasnt a crowd. He had positioned his leg so he would. He would stand in a kind of tripod kind of way. Had the rifle up to his left shoulder. And quite deliberately shot, looked, shot, looked, shot, looked, stopped. Pelley what happened to those three people . Colclough they fell of their chairs. Pelley he hit them all . Colclough oh yeah, they were dead. Or they fell off their chairs, we could see that. Thats the first thing i saw. He was shooting that way, down to his right. Then he gyrated back and he shot straight ahead into a car that was parked, that was at the crossroads next to the cafe. Pelley this is the scene. Theres the car. And these are the people who fell off their chairs. The man recording this video says to himself, poor people, it cant be true, it cant be true. What happened next . Colclough he then stepped forward and then he turned right and walked into the cafe that the three people had been sitting in front of. Pelley it didnt appear to you that he had the weapon set on automatic, and he was just sweeping the room . Colclough no. It wasnt random. Pelley but he was picking out his targets, shooting them one at a time . Moving to the next target . Colclough he shot the three, then he shot into the car. Then he moved into the cafe. Looked right, panned right with his weapon, didnt shoot. Panned left, duckduckduck. Pause. Duckduckduck. Pause. Pelley the shooting stopped. The gunman fled. Mark colclough and his friend went to see if they could help. When you went into the cafe what did you see . Colclough wounded. Some were, i could see one guy had been shot in his thigh. I could see another woman had. Already been given an oxygen mask, and was. I could see the paramedics had put themselves on either side of her so i thought she was more critically wounded. And then towards the bar i could see on our left, i could see there were three of four dead bodies lying in front of the bar. Civilians. So, i looked down, and i saw big puddles of blood. Puddles. Not little droplets, but puddles. Pelley tables turned over . Colclough yeah. Pelley chairs flipped over . Chaos . Colclough and the. Again, the smell of gunpowder in the room. Pelley half a mile away, an American Band was playing to a packed house at the bataclan music hall. Francois was by the stage. Hes asked us to use only his first name. Francois there was about 1,500 people inside. So, people were standing and dancing at the ground floor. Pelley on the ground floor, there are no seats . Its all open . Francois no seats. There is the bar at the back and people dancing at the front. Pelley what was the first thing you noticed . Francois i so, i heard the the gunshots, about ten. I look back. And i saw this man shooting a rifle. Pelley describe him to me. Francois he was shooting shot by shot to make sure he was targeting the people. I dont know. Everyeverything was methodic. Very precise andand he was trained, he was clearly trained. Pelley clearly trained . Francois yeah. Pelley did they have to stop and reload . Francois i saw him reloading very, very fast. Pelley you think he was experienced . Francois yeah. Pelley trained like a soldier . Francois yeah. Pelley francois was hit, a grazing bullet to the back. He fell to the dance floor and played dead. Pelley what are you seeing around you . Were other people wounded nearby . Francois yes. Yes. I saw people hurt. The. I saw people laid on the ground not moving. They were probably dead or. Several injured. There was. There was blood all over the ground. Andand yeah, it was a nightmare. Pelley and when you realized there were multiple gunmen, what did you think . Francois i just realized that they were. They were here to kill as many people as possible. So i just thought it was. It was going to be a bloodbath, it was really hell. Like, people were just all pushing to the. To the exit. It was it was really packed of people trying to get above each other, trying to ex. Trying to escape. Pelley he made a break for it through this exit. Those are people hanging from the windows above. As youre escaping through this door, was it difficult to get through that . Francois there was a lot of people on me for about 30 seconds. Pelley on top of you . Francois yeah, on top of me. Pelley crawling over you . Francois yeah. It was about two people over me trying to escape. And it was really long toto get out of the building. Pelley neighbors opened their apartments to the wounded. A stranger used a shirt to stop francoiss bleeding. Later, he overheard the Police Assault on the terrorists. Pelley what happened then . Francois then wewe waited about two hours inin the apartment. Thethe police came to us, making sure everybody was okay in the building. Pelley can you show me where you were hit . Francois yes. So, i was shot here, at the. So, at the. On the back, just below my shoulder. And the bullet came out here. Pelley thats where the exit wound is . Francois yeah. The exit wound right here, close to the spine. Pelley what did the doctors tell you about the course that the bullet took . Francois they told me i was extremely lucky. Because the bullet didnt touch any muscles or bones. Pelley so lucky to be alive . Francois yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Bauer unfortunately if it happens here it will replicate somewhere else. Pelley they tested the concept here. Bauer yeah. Pelley alain bauer is a former security advisor to the french government who helped new york city set up its Counter Terrorism unit after 9 11. Pelley is it possible that they could get that to the United States . Bauer i think they will try. We are only the second worst country in the world for them. U. S. Are first. Pelley six locations were hit in 33 minutes. Alain bauer believes that the main target was the soccer match between france and germany, broadcast live across europe. The french president was there. But outside the stadium only one victim was killed. Bauer they arrived too late. Pelley they arrived too late . After all this planning, they got there late . Bauer it happens. Pelley bauer says one terrorist failed to get into the stadium with a propane tank rigged to explode in a backpack full of nails and bolts. The bomber blew himself up. Bauer the main issue was, clearly, to create a lot of chaos. And it did not happen the way they wanted. So we had a lot of luck. Pelley bauer sees paris as a turning point. Bauer and it shows how people that are not very well equipped can have such a determination, first, to kill, bullet by bullet, people they never see, and prepare to kill themselves to show their case. This is a big change in the level of determination and of violence. Pelley too often we think of these things in isolation. But here, in just the last few weeks now, isis blew up the russian jetliner in egypt, it attacked its enemies with a bomb in lebanon, and now, a few days later, this attack in paris. Pelley when you connect the dots this is not over for the western democracies. Bauer its just the beginning. Isis said it. Its just the beginning. They are. They are right. You need to listen to them, read them, understand they say, the way they say it, and what they want. And they say it all the time. Pelley you take them at their word. Bauer of course. Why not . Pelley paris was smaller today. So many dead. So many wounded. It seemed everyone knew someone lost to the violence. Children, who didnt understand, were shown how to pay respects by parents who would never let go of their hands so easily again. bells tolling tonight the city turned to its familiar traditions, a comfort against a future suddenly uncertain. bells tolling cbs money watch update sponsored by glor good evening. Frances maybe Securities Market euronext will be open tomorrow but with extra security in place. More than 2,000 Union Workers at the plumbing manufacturer kohler going on strike, and retailers are expected to hire about 75,000 temporary workers this holiday season. Im jeff glor, cbs news. Sometimes romantic. There were tears in my eyes. And tears in my eyes. And so many Little Things that we learned were really the biggest things. Through it all, we saved and had a retirement plan. And someone who listened and helped us along the way. Because we always knew that someday the future would be the present. Every someday needs a plan. Talk with us about your retirement today. Which allergyeees. Bees . Eese. Trees . Eese. Xerox helps hospitals use Electronic Health records so doctors provide more personalized care. Cheese . Cheese patient care can work better. With xerox. Thats it. How was your commute . Good. Yours . Good. Xerox real time analytics make transit systems run more smoothly. And morning chitchat. Less interesting. Transportation can work better. With xerox. Kroft this past week, before fridays tragedy in paris, scott pelley went to wisconsin for a farranging conversation with the new speaker of the house. Pelley congress discovered new depths of dysfunction in september when the speaker of the house unexpectedly resigned, his designated successor refused the job, and paul ryan, the only leader republicans could agree on, turned them down. Ryan didnt want the thankless job of leading a fractured majority that cant keep its promises. Besides, he preferred his house in janesville, wisconsin, to the peoples house in washington. But tonight, much to his surprise, ryan is speaker at 45, the youngest in more than 140 years, and on his terms. Hes an expert on the budget, mitt romneys running mate in 2012. And we met him in his hometown on his second week in the job. Have you spoken to the president . Paul ryan yeah, a number of times. Pelley since you became speaker . Ryan uhhuh. Pelley and the substance of those conversations has been what . Ryan varied on a number of different issues. And much of it discussed about things we can get working together on, things that we have to get done by the end of the year. And just, you know, courtesy issues. We talk about. We talk about having teenage daughters, too. Pelley but you found a man you can work with . Ryan sure. Yeah, look, this is the job. Absolutely. Pelley well, it hasnt been. Ryan hes president of the United States. My president , too. Pelley it hasnt. The job hasnt been getting done these last several years. Ryan i agree with that. But nevertheless, this government does have to work. Pelley on your first day as speaker, you said you were going to wipe the slate clean. Ryan uhhuh. Pelley and then in your very first news conference, you said the president has proven himself untrustworthy on immigration. Thats not wiping the slate clean; thats blowing chalk dust in the president s face. Ryan well, i think wiping the slate clean was about wiping the slate clean in congress and getting congress, the house functioning again. But on this particular issue, he tried to go around congress and write the law unilaterally. Pelley but when people hear this, they think, here we go again. Nothings going to change. Ryan i think you can walk and chew gum at the same time. I think you can oppose the president on some issue that you fundamentally disagree with, but also work with the other party on issues you do agree with. Thats what ive been doing. Look, if we can find common ground. We can on highways, we will on funding the government, hopefully. We can on tax policy. Those are three things that will produce certainty in this economy in the next few months. Lets go do that. Pelley there was a time on capitol hill when the other guy had a bad idea, and now, on capitol hill, the other guys a bad guy. Ryan yeah, i think thats right. Pelley how do you heal that animosity . Its your job now. Ryan leadership, by the example, is the way i look at it. Somewhere in this, we got into impugning peoples character and motives if we didnt like their ideas. Weve got to get back to just debating ideas. And also, i think we need to sort of. You know, we have two ears and one mouth. We got to use those in that proportion. Pelley his mother betty taught him to listen more and speak less. We met her, his wife janna, and cousin adam in a favorite neighborhood restaurant. Janna, how did you first hear that paul was being asked to be speaker of the house . Janna ryan i am a big thrift store shopper, and i was in my car in front of the Salvation Army here in janesville when the phone rang. And he said well, this is coming our way. And you think i should say no, right . And i said, oh, yeah, you should say no. And thats how it started. Pelley and its speaker of the house i mean, how do you say no . Janna ryan for our family, for the rhythm of our life, for what we saw our path, it just seemed like too much. It seemed like the pressure for him to travel, to be in so many places, to be so much to so many people would leave too little of him for his role as father and husband. Pelley mr. Speaker, how did you get from no to yes . You said hell, no ryan yeah. I see myself as more of a policy maker than a political leader. I do politics in order to do policy. I came into it no. Then, i realized the situation in our caucus was fairly dire, and that i sort of had an obligation and a duty to step up and do it. And then the question was, can i redesign the job so that i can do it well, so i can be happy and successful . And the fact that we live here in janesville we dont live in washington, and our kids are ten, 12 and 13 years old. Its mostly an emptynester that gets this job, who spends his or her weekends flying around america fundraising. Im not going to spend my saturdays and sundays flying around america fundraising. Im going to spend them here, where i need to be. And so, once i learned i could redesign the job, then i decided to do it. And now that im doing it, i feel its a great honor. Im actually excited about it. Janna ryan and now its one of those things that i cant imagine that it wouldnt have happened. Im not saying that there arent moments that you think, wow, how did this happen . You know, how am i on 60 minutes right now talking about paul being speaker . But it was. It just. It felt right. Pelley mr. Speaker, i. Ryan i go by paul, so if its okay with you. Pelley would you prefer that . Because people arent going to call you that. Ryan yeah, well, i prefer it if i. They are. laughter pelley what adversity in your life has made you the person you are today . Ryan probably losing my dad when i was 16. Pelley what happened . Ryan he died of a heart attack. My mom was off with my aunt visiting my sister in denver. I worked the late shift at mcdonalds the night before. And i was going to sleep in, wake up, mow the lawn. And my dads office called asking where he was. And i went to find him and he was. You know, he had died over. In his sleep of a heart attack. Pelley what did you learn from it . Ryan i learned tragedy. I learned perseverance. And i learned a lot about myself and about my mom and about my family. Pelley your father, your grandfather, your great grandfather all died in their 50s. Does that put a fire under you . Ryan it does, so i focus on just being healthy. I dont want this to happen to my kids, to janna. And it does. It gave me the other sense that life is short, you better make the most of it. Pelley janna, this is an extremely rare opportunity for a reporter. You dont do interviews. I wonder why that is. Why not . Janna ryan because ive always wanted our family to be a refuge from politics, to be seen. When people to see us as a family, to think of us as janna and paul and charlie, liza, and sam; not as here comes the speaker of the house or here comes that guy who has those votes i dont like, or whatever it would be. I want to be as a family here in janesville, a very included, normal whatever that means regular family. Pelley mr. Speaker or paul, if you insist you dont have a home in washington. Ryan no, we live here in janesville. Pelley where do you sleep . Ryan for about a decade, ive been sleeping on a cot in my office. Its very efficient to me. Pelley you sleep every night in washington on a cot in your office . Ryan yeah, i work a lot. All i do is work there. I get up very early in the morning, i work out. And then i work till about 11 00, 11 30 at night, do the same thing the next day. Pelley where do you get cleaned up . Ryan in the gym. I work out every morning, and i shower in the gym and i go on with my day. Pelley one of the things that you said during this period of time that you were telling the Republican Caucus that you didnt want the job was that you were concerned that the job would open up your children to ridicule. Ryan well, theyre coming of age. Pelley what does that say about politics in our country . Ryan yeah, thats a good point. Politics has become a blood sport that goes beyond just the person whose name is on the ballot. Basically, our kids are getting to the age where they start paying attention, and theyre going to see things about their dad that, you know, wont be flattering because ill take controversial positions on policy issues. And i just wanted to make sure our kids have a normal upbringing, a normal life like we had here in janesville. Pelley janesville, southern wisconsin, is getting on pretty well, even though the g. M. Plant closed after 90 years. 64,000 people, mostly german and irish. Ryan we have 67 cousins is our last count here in janesville, and we all live within about eight blocks of each other. Pelley his partys frontrunner for president proposes to deport all Illegal Immigrants. Whats your immigration plan . Ryan i think it starts with border enforcement. I think it starts with enforcing the rule of law. But you need to have a vibrant Legal Immigration system. Legal immigration is america. My names ryan. Pelley but some sort of a pathway to citizenship for the 11 million Illegal Immigrants. Ryan i dont agree with that. I dont agree with that. I think you could have a pathway to legal status. Thats been what i have proposed in the past is a pay. A way to make amends with the law effectively, go on probation and earn your way to legal status, but not to citizenship. Pelley i take it you dont advocate rounding up 11 million Illegal Immigrants and deporting them. Pelley i do not. Pelley thats not going to happen while youre speaker of the house. Ryan i cant imagine how it could happen, so no. Pelley you have proposed having only two tax brackets, 10 and 25 . That still your position . Ryan yeah, ive always liked that plan. And our tax code really punishes our Small Businesses, which is where most of our jobs come from. I mean, look, were sitting here in wisconsin. Overseas which, to us, means lake superior, you know the canadians are taxing their businesses at 15 . The top tax rate on successful Small Businesses in america, here in wisconsin, is 44. 6 . How can you compete like that . How can you have jobs . How can working families get ahead with a tax system like that . Pelley give me three things you would do on tax reform, very specifically. Ryan well, id simplify the code dramatically. I would collapse the rates down to two or three. And i would change the way we tax ourselves internationally, so businesses can take their money and bring it back home so american businesses stay american businesses. And we have to drop our rates on our businesses. I think those three things right there are what i would do. Pelley with this new job, what are the stakes of failure . Ryan the country stays on the path it is on deep poverty, flat wages, working families falling behind, a wreck of national security, oh, followed up by a debt crisis. Pelley and what is the elephant in the room . Ryan well, i think its our entitlement programs, its our budget deficits. Pelley Social Security . Ryan its Social Security, its medicare, its medicaid. And the good news on these issues is that if we reform them for the next generation now, we can guarantee guarantee that people in or near retirement dont have any changes in their benefits. Pelley most people dont realize that twothirds of the federal budget is Social Security, medicare, medicaid, and the pentagon. The u. S. Government is an Insurance Company with an army. Ryan thats right. Pelley so, in terms of Social Security, in your view, were going to have to raise the retirement age . Ryan we havent as a caucus decided this issue yet. So as speaker of the house, i help manage and bring to a consensus. Im not dictator of the house. But i have always believed, and ive been public about this for many years, for younger people, when they age, we should change the retirement age to reflect longevity. Because that just to make the program finances work. Pelley not dictator of the house, but he did start with an ultimatum to about 40 conservatives called the Freedom Caucus. If he was going to leave his dream job, chairman of ways and means the Tax Committee he demanded their support by the end of the week. They agreed. And ryan promised to open the process to their ideas and amendments. But when it comes to a vote, he expects their support. Pelley do you work for the Freedom Caucus, or do they work for you . Ryan they. We work for the american people. Thats a nice, clever question. But you know who i work for . I work for the First District from wisconsin. Pelley but those people are generally happy with you, and the Freedom Caucus is not generally happy with you all the time. And i just wonder how youre going to keep them corralled. Ryan i think you try to lead people lead people to consensus, lead people to laying a positive agenda and a vision out there, and that is what i intend to do. And i think thats not corralling, but thats leading. Pelley how long do you imagine you might be speaker . Ryan i have no idea. 14 months, for now, is what i know, for the rest of this term. Pelley do you think of this as a longterm occupation for you . Ryan i really havent. I was just planning on serving out my tenure at ways and means chair, and then going finding out Something Else to do with my life. Pelley leaving the congress . Ryan so, yeah, i really dont know how long this is going to last. This wasnt something i was planning on doing in the first place. Pelley but to do the job, he told us, you have to be willing to lose the job. Ryan you have to take risks on policy. You cant be a politician, wringing your hands, worried about what the Public Opinion polls are saying, or worried about the negative attacks. If you believe in something, go fight for it. If you think you have a good idea and a good reform and youre going to get criticized for it, do it anyway, because i think thats what people in this country want to see. And so, yes, you have to be willing to lose these jobs meaning you have to be a political leader, willing to lose an election if you want to do whats right. Thats the way the founders envisioned this in the whole first place. This cbs sports update is brought to you by ford. Im james brown with scores from the nfl today. The pats remain perfected on stephen gostkowskis field goal. Curt cousins throws for four touches as washington rolls. Carolina moves its winning streak to 15. Pittsburghs Ben Roethlisberger stars in relief, passing for 379 yards and three scores. For more sports news and information go, to cbssports. Com. Its friends and neighbors pricing. And for a limited time, were letting everyone in on this deal. That doesnt happen every day and you can see the low price at ford. Com. There it is. And thats the low price youll pay. Its that easy. You dont have to negotiate. Its hasslefree. Its an inside deal. Now for everyone. With ford friends and neighbors pricing, get an f150 for 9638 below msrp. Thats over 19 . Its an inside deal, now for everyone. Daveand starting each day game, with a delicious bowl of heart healthy kelloggs raisin bran. Hows your cereal . Sweet tastes like winning. How would you know what winning tastes like . Invest in your heart health, with kelloggs raisin bran. No crying today. Why do i cook for the to share with family to carry on traditions to come together, even when were apart in stuffing, mashed potatoes, gravy, and more, swanson® makes holiday dishes delicious kroft if you are one of the millions of people who watched football before this broadcast, many of you on this network, you know that nfl players get their brains rattled on a weekly basis. And for some of them, the long term consequences may eventually offset the glory of playing the game. After a decade of denying a link between onfield concussions and brain impairment later in life, the nfl finally acknowledged the connection and is now trying to reengineer the sport to fit the medical science. Its changing the rules, trying to reinvent equipment, and Funding Scientific Research that might endanger its future, both as the countrys most popular sport and as a multibillion dollar industry. Not since football was nearly banned a hundred years ago has the sport been under the microscope the way it is today, and all of it has to do with matters of the brain. Josh mccown gets rocked by a helicopter hit. Kroft just minutes into the very first sunday of this nfl season, Cleveland Browns quarterback josh mccown knocked heads at the goal line. It was the kind of violent hit that millions tune in every week to see. In years past, mccown might have stayed in the game. But after he failed a concussion assessment, he was taken off the field, and not allowed to return to action for two weeks. These days, if a concussion is even suspected, players are removed from the game, even if they dont like it. Arian foster tossing gatorade jug. Kroft its just one of 39 changes that have been made to make the game safer. Helmettohelmet hits are now illegal. The kickoff, one of the most dangerous plays in football, has been moved up to discourage returns and highspeed collisions. And independent neurologists are not only stationed on both sidelines to look for signs of brain trauma. Tag it, 94. Okay. Kroft . There are now athletic trainers high above every stadium with the authority for the first time to stop the game if they believe an injury has gone undetected. Ooh, tag it. He got up but he got drilled. Kroft all of this has happened under the watch of nfl commissioner roger goodell, who told us that concussions are down 35 since 2012. You think the game is safer than its ever been before . Roger goodell i do. Im convinced of it. I think the changes that weve made have had real results, and were seeing that. Kroft but do you believe its safe . Goodell i do believe its safer. But injuries are part of. Of active sports and theyre certainly part of football. Football is a contact sport. Kroft despite the changes and the reduction of concussions, there are still a lot of them on the average, a half a dozen a week, according to the nfls own figures. Can you take the violence out of football . Ed reed no. Kroft ed reed retired earlier this year after 12 seasons as one of the nfls all time great safeties. During his career, he dished out as many hits as he took. Reed football is a reaction sport. Kroft you cant choreograph it. Reed you cant. Its not a movie. We always said its not suit and tie on the football field. Kroft how many concussions do you think youve had . Reed that i remember . laughs id say three or four. Kroft you think about the future . Do you worry about the fact that youve banged your head and had a lot of high speed collisions . Reed yeah, i am worried about it. I think about it because something could come out of me have been running into people all my life. Kroft what worries reed and the nfl, and whats behind all of these changes, is something called chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or c. T. E. , a degenerative brain disease that was primarily associated with boxers until 13 years ago. Thats when a neuropathlogist in pittsburgh, dr. Bennet omalu, found it in the brain of Steelers Hall of Fame Center Mike Webster during an autopsy. C. T. E. Can only be diagnosed in the dead. The late hall of fame tight end john mackey had it, and so did 87 other former nfl players with serious symptoms whose families donated their brains to an ongoing study being conducted at Boston University. Kroft do we really know that playing football causes c. T. E. . Robert stern do we really know that smoking causes cancer . Kroft dr. Robert stern, who directs the Clinical Research for Boston Universitys c. T. E. Center, says the science is still in its infancy, but the evidence indicates a strong connection. Stern we know from all the neuropathologically confirmed cases of c. T. E. That every case has had one thing in common, a history of repetitive head impacts. That means that. Kroft its not good for you. Stern . Its not good for you. Its a necessary variable to get this disease. But just because you hit your head a bunch, doesnt mean youre going to get the disease. So we have to figure out why one person gets it and another person doesnt. Kroft to be clear, most nfl players dont. Stern says the number of confirmed cases is still small. Thousands of former nfl players seem to be unaffected. Kevin guskiewicz one of the challenges, steve, is that concussions are sort of like snowflakes, there are no two alike. Kroft and none of them good, according to dr. Kevin guskiewicz, who has been researching the link between football and brain trauma at the university of North Carolina for more than a decade. His studies indicate that players are five times more susceptible to dementia later in life if theyve sustained three or more concussions. He and his team have examined 650 former nfl players. Guskiewicz four out of every five that come through our door look pretty good. Its. Its sort of what is it that creates this perfect storm that puts somebody on that slippery slope at a younger age toward developing this neuro degenerative disease. Kroft and theres no consensus. Dr. Stern at Boston University isnt convinced there is a direct link between concussions and c. T. E. He thinks it may be tied to the accumulation of thousands of lesser subconcussive hits, the kind that linemen absorb on every play. Stern were talking about the overall exposure to repetitive head impacts, not a single injury, not a single concussion. Kroft thats an occupational hazard. Stern thats an occupational hazard. Thats part of playing the game of football. Kroft to reduce the amount of head banging, the nfl and the Players Association have limited the number of full contact practices during Training Camp and the regular season. And the league is spending millions to try and soften the blows. In seattle, the university of washington and a Company Called vicis are developing and testing a new kind of helmet with seed money from the nfl. The materials and technology are so secret, vicis wrapped the outer shell so competitors wouldnt get a peek at it. Theyre hoping to reduce concussions by 50 . Jeff miller is the nfls Senior Vice President for health and safety. Jeff miller im not going to suggest that theres any one idea thats a silver bullet. I think that were going to be able to, over time, disrupt the helmet industry. Kroft what do you mean disruptive . Miller helmets are fantastic at doing what they were intended to do, which is prevent skull fracture. But to be designed against concussive injury is a much bigger challenge. But to the extent that the nfl can encourage other inventors, two guys in a garage somewhere, to come up with a better helmet, then were taking that on as our responsibility to do so. Kroft the nfl is also providing money to develop materials to put underneath the turf to cushion impacts. The league estimates that 7 of all concussions are caused by heads slamming into the turf. Thats what happened with kansas citys Jeremy Maclin in october. Kroft the nfl has sent one of its biggest checks 30 million to the National Institutes of health for research primarily focused on the brain. Six million of that is going to Boston University, which has produced some of the most damaging evidence linking football to brain injuries and is trying to determine how widespread c. T. E. Is. Are you concerned about what they may find . Are you worried that. Goodell no, we dont, steve. Kroft . That youre sowing the seeds of your own destruction . Goodell no. We want the facts. We think the facts will help us develop better solutions, and thats why were advancing medical research. Thats why were funding directly to Boston University on some of this research. Kroft the big breakthrough will come if and when a test is developed to diagnose c. T. E. In the living. Stern thats the focus of pretty much every day of my life. Kroft how close are you . Stern i am pretty confident that were going to be able to diagnose people while theyre alive pretty accurately, somewhere in five to ten years. Kroft if it happens, there will finally be answers to a lot of questions, but some tricky new ones will also be raised. Who would have access to the information and how would it be used . If theyd had a test when you were playing, would you have wanted to take that test . Reed if theyre going to give me this test, and this test is going to be a negative towards me as a player and i got to go home now and i cant play this game anymore, no. I dont want to know till after. I dont want to know until when im retired. No guy would want that. No player would want it. Kroft there has already been one controversy over another test that involves putting sensors in football helmets. Guskiewicz these are the six singleaxis accelerometers. Kroft Kevin Guskiewicz and his staff at North Carolina have been using the tar heel Football Team as lab rats to collect data, measuring the frequency and the force of every hit to the head. This is one impact . This is one impact. Kroft guskiewicz used information from the sensors to help persuade the nfl to move its kickoff in 2011. But keeping track of the number of hits has become a political football. The nfl outfitted two of its teams with the sensors for half a season in 2013, then pulled the plug. We asked the nfls jeff miller why. Miller the results were not what we were hoping they would be. And the Players Association, in large part, wanted to discontinue the testing. And we. We respect that decision. Kroft what do you mean not what you were hoping for . Miller we were. We were hoping for more. For more accurate analysis. It just wasnt, yet. Guskiewicz yeah. Well, i sit on their committee and im able to tell them i disagree. Kroft if you want a sense of how much contact were talking about, a study using helmet sensors on the High School Level showed that players can average 650 hits to the head per season. That seems like a lot of head banging. Goodell well, thats why were making the changes. And those changes are going all the way through to high school and youth football, which is you dont need to train the way you trained before. You dont need to teach the way you taught before. Kroft Seattle Seahawks coach pete carroll is tinkering with the very essence of the sport, tackling. Pete carroll hi, this is coach pete carroll of the Seattle Seahawks. Kroft hes teaching the virtues of what he calls hawk tackling, where players use their shoulders and not their heads to bring down an opponent, rugby style. Carroll knows it wont work on every play. Football is too fast. He was one of the people who initially argued against changing the game. You were late to this party in a way, werent you . I mean, in terms of the new rules and safety rules. Carroll well, yeah, because i. I was an oldschool guy. I was fighting for the. The way the game had always been played, and the first thing that hit when youre trying to make a play is your head. The whole thing about concussions has brought to light a total new awareness. And out of that a new awareness has brought adaptation. And you either evolve with it or youre. Were going to mess it up. Kroft carroll is still concerned about the future of the sport and worries that mothers may stop allowing their kids to play tackle football. But ed reed has no regrets about the life he chose. Reed now that i know the dangers . Yes, i still would do it again. Why . Because look at me, look at my family. Theyre able to eat, theyre able to have food and shelter over their head. Would i play football again . Yes. Kroft weve talked to a lot of people. They seem to be worried about the survival of the game. Reed you hearing people saying the game is going to. I dont see football going nowhere. Its evolving. Its not going anywhere. Shh, calm down. Kroft youre not worried about it . Reed no way football is not going anywhere. Kroft the game has been in this place before. In 1905, president Teddy Roosevelt had to intervene to save football after 19 deaths on the field led to calls to ban the sport. As a result, the forward pass was introduced to reduce impacts, and later the leather helmet. Until now, the game has always been able to adapt. You think the game will survive on its own. Goodell i think the game will survive because we will continually seek to find the facts and adjust when we see those opportunities to make our game safer. And i think people want to see the game safer. We certainly want to see the game safer, and we want those facts more than anyone. 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