High school. Woodruff and mark shields and Ramesh Ponnuru analyze the weeks news. Those are just some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by ni supported by the john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation. Committed to building a more just, verdat;and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Oro o and with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And. nr this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff our lead story tonight washington headed into the final weekend before a potential Government Shutdown with the outcome still in doubt. The senate adopted a stopgap spending bill to keep the government running past monday, but the battle over Health Care Reform showed no signs of abating. Newshour Congressional Correspondent kwame holman begins our coverage. Lord, deliver us from governing by crisis. ni reporter the Senate Chaplains appeal for divine guidance came on a day when partisan divisions were on full display. Iowa democrat tom harkin accused republicans of throwing a temper tantrum by demanding to strike funds for the president S Health Care law. Nullification of a law, through that type of action. Thats sort of like picking up your marbles and going home. But, when youre a kid, no one really gets hurt. But who gets hurt from this . The american people. Reporter utah republican mike lee, a lead proponent of the defunding effort, insisted conservatives are the ones listening to the public. The people who elect us, do expect us to do what we say were going to do. Not sometimes, not just when it is convenient. In fact, they expect us to do what we say were going to do especially when its inconvenient. Reporter the senate ultimately voted, 54 to 44, along a Straight Party line, to Fund Government operations into midnovember, after democrats removed the obamacare defunding language. The measure now heads back to the house, where Republican Leaders hope to find a plan Tea Party Conservatives will support. Texas g. O. P. Senator ted cruz said he wants them to stand firm and reject any bill that leaves obamacare intact. When that happens, the bill is going to come back here. Its going to be an opportunity for Senate Republicans to come together, to come home. I very much hope that when the bill comes back to the senate, republicans will stand together, stand united. Reporter at the white house, president obama delivered a very different message. If republicans have specific ideas on how to genuinely improve the law, rather than gut it, rather than delay it, rather than repeal it, im happy toni work with them on that through the normal democratic processes. But that will not happen under the threat of a shutdown. Reporter the house is expected to begin work on the revised senate bill tomorrow. Woodruff for the latest, we turn to reporter ed okeefe of the Washington Post. He joins us from capitol hill. ni well, ed, what a scene youre watching over there. Tell us what happens now. Well, at this point we know that House Republicans are planning to meet at about noon oned is to consider their next options. Just before we came on the air tonight, there was a possible proposal unveiled by about 62 House Republicans that would instead of completely defunding the new Health Care Law just delay it until the beginning of 2015. This is now seen as the new leading conservative proposal, one that republicans can get behind. When i asked one of the lead sponsors what about the fact that the shutdown begins on tuesday and that the house and senate might not be able to get something done by then, they said, no, we still think theres plenty of time and it can be done. In reality, Senate Procedure can take some time. And if the house does indeed pass something this week and send it back to the senate, there arent necessarily enough hours in the day to ensure that something gets passed by midnight at the beginning of tuesday. Woodruff so knowing that, does that say the conservatives in the house are prepared for the government to shut down . It doesnt seem anyone is totally realizing yet that this is very likely. There were Senate Leaders today certainly suggesting that. But House Republicans at least seem to believe that theres still enough time, and whether thats a lack of understanding of congressional procedure or just this belief that for some reason the Democraticcontrolled Senate will suddenly capitulate and agree to something theyve already said they dont like, well just have to wait and see. Woodruff yeah, thats my question. Do they believe the senate is going to change its mind and go against what its been saying the majority in the senate has been saying for days or that the president is going to change his mind . They must assume thats not going to happen. So whats the whats the strategy beyond that . At this point, you know, it is essentially a political staring contest, and neither side is prepared to plirchg. And i think well just have to wait and see whether perhaps tomorrow house Republican Leaders, the speaker, john boehner, and his lieutenants can explain to their conference at this point perhaps is makes more sense to pass a simple extension of government funding and wait until a later day to continue having this fight over the Health Care Law or whether they will be compelled by their rank and file to push whaed this strategy and essentially plunge the government into a shutdown. Woodruff thats the question, finally, ed, is there a sense that Speaker Boehner feels that he must keep those conservatives on board, no matter what happens, Going Forward . He does. He has maintained that strategy throughout. While democrats today said they would be willing to work with at least some republicans to pass a shortterm extension of government funding are the speaker knows that for his own political future and for the future of cohesiveness of House Republicans, that it makes more sense to continue working with those conservatives and try to find a solution. Woodruff ed okeefe of the Washington Post, we thank you. Great to be with you. Woodruff now, the other news of the day a United Nations sponsored Scientific Group issued its strongest warnings yet on Global Warming. The scientists found its extremely likely 95 certain that human activity is the main cause of rising temperatures. They also predicted even greater increases in the years ahead. Well more on this right after the news summary. The death toll from an earthquake in southwestern pakistan reached 515 today. A top official in baluchistan province reported the new toll as he toured the region where the quake struck tuesday. Meanwhile, some survivors began trying to rebuild their homes, while others rummaged through the rubble to find belongings. There were also more funerals, as families buried their dead. President obama and irans president Hassan Rouhani spoke by phone today on Irans Nuclear program. It was the first such contact since the iranian revolution in 1979. Meanwhile, the u. N. Security council moved tonight to adopt a resolution on disposing of syrias chemical weapons. More on all of this, later in the program. In kenya, new revelations emerged in the siege of a nairobi Shopping Mall where at least 67 people died. A top Government Official conceded troops may have caused part of the mall to collapse when they fired rocketpropelled grenades. Three floors of the building fell in. Meanwhile, the interior minister said investigators are making Good Progress in their probe of the attack. Police are holding eight suspects as they seek to unmask the face behind the terrorni attack. Three others were interrogated and released. This being terrorism activity, we are operating under the Anti Terrorism act which allows for suspects to be held for a longer period before being arraigned in court. Woodruff the somalibased Group Alshabaab has claimed responsibility for the mall attack. A United Airlines jetliner made an Emergency Landing lastight in idaho, after the captain suffered a heart attack. He died later at a hospital. The plane diverted to boise on a flight from houston to seattle after the captain was stricken. Hed been at the controls, but an offduty pilot helped land the plane. All 161 passengers were safe, and the plane later continued to seattle. Top white house officials traveled to detroit today to offer 100 million in federal aid to the bankrupt city. Another 200 million will come from foundations and detroit businesses. But that falls far short of the broader bailout some in the city wanted. Detroit remains at least 18 billion in debt. A state judge in new jersey ruled today the state must legalize gay marriage as of october 21. Republican governor Chris Christie said hell appeal the ruling to the state supreme court. Separately, exxon mobil said it will extend Company Benefits to legally married samesex couples, starting next week. The oil giant has 77,000 employees and retirees in the u. S. On wall street, the Dow Jones Industrial average lost 70 points to close at 15,258. The nasdaq fell nearly six points to close at 3,781. For the week, the dow lost more than 1 . The nasdaq rose a fraction of a percent. Still to come on the newshour a new report from the worlds leading climate scientists; diplomatic breakthroughs on syria and iran at the u. N. ; the next chapter in the storied history of washingtons Dunbar High School and shields and ponnuru on the weeks news. We return to the latest assessment on Global Climate change. It comes from the u. N. s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or i. P. C. C. Which last issued a series of reports in 2007. The scientists who wrote it won the Nobel Peace Prize for the warnings they raised and the evidence they presented. The newest work includes more predictions and examples of whats already happening. We take a closer look, starting with this report from tom clarke of independent television news. 250 scientists, 195 governments and thousand of pages of analysis all conclude the world is warming. Not just the atmosphere. The oceans, too. Only a rapid reduction in Greenhouse Gas emissions has any real chance of turning back the tide. Human influence on the climate system is clear. Climate change challenges the two primary resources of humanni and and ecosystems, land and water. Reporter the updated science concludes temperatures have risen by almost a degree over the past century. It is extremely likely that Global Warming seen sinceni 1950 is manmade. It predicts global average temperatures are likely to rise between 1. 5 and 4. 5 degrees by 2100. And sea levels, says the i. P. C. C. , have been rising faster since victorian times than at any point in the last two millennia. Time travel down a marred kingdom brunles western mainlined and you can see why thats important. This sea wall was built to protect the railway for a oneina100year storm event. Since victorian times sea levels have risen about 19 centimeters. Based on todays ipcc report the sea will come up an additional 26 to 82 centimeters. That means by 2100, what is today a one in 100 year storm will be an annual occurrence. The the report also gives short shriftsphoz an observed lack of land surface temperature increases since a very hot year in 1998. Skeptical observers say that claims Global Warming has stopped. Its important to understand whats been happening. Temperatures are still at record levels. Each of the last three decades have been successively warmer, and its that longer term trend which is important for whether or not were checking our climate and the overwhelming evidence is that we are. Reporter not everything is more certain. This report concludethe impact of warming on extreme weather, like hurricanes and floods, it less clear than researchers previously thought. As best as the facts can be established, this report lays them down and they should be viewed, say scientists, in the know that since their last report in 2007, we pumped 200 billion more tons of c. O. 2 into the atmosphere. Woodruff a note of clarification about tom clarkes story it explained the potential rise in temperature when measured with the celsius scale. Using the fahrenheit metric, the panel said temperatures could rise by 2. 7 to 8. 1 degrees. Ray suarez picks up on those warnings and others. Suarez and for that, i am joined by a member of the i. P. C. C. Panel, michael oppenheimer. Hes a professor of geosciences and International Affairs at princeton university. Professor, welcome to the program. Glad to be here, ray. Suarez what is the major difference, the major refine independent this latest report from the one that represeeds. There is three new highlevel messages. One, its now stated as extremely likely that most of the warming of the past 60 arizona is due to human activity, and thats very unusual for scientists with a complex problem like this to state something with such a high level of certainty. Secondly, the projections of Sea Level Rise in particular are about 50 higher than in the last report. Thats because we have a better grip on what the big ice sheets in greenland and antarctica are going to do, and thats a very Troubling Development because, as we saw in Hurricane Sandy and other coastal storms, the combination of intense storms with an unusually high sea level causes an extra level, a tremendous level of flooding inland, and is very destructive. And the third message is that the window of opportunity to avoid a dangerous warming which has been labeled by the governments as a warming of a little short of four degrees fahrenheit, that window is closing rapidly. And we could, by short of the middle of this century say some time 202040 and 2050 emit so much of these gases if we dont change tower course, the dangerous warming piles up and adaptation becomes very difficult, and in some cases impossible, that that kind of warming will be inevitable. Suarez when you move from calling something extremely likely, these are terms people use in daily live, but do they have when you say them and people like you you say them, scientific precision. It is a nuance to go from very likely to extremely likely. These terms are used with great precision. It very likely means a better than 99 chance, and extremely likely means a better than 95 chance. This isnt casual language. This means the scientists looked at the problem carefully and decide the case is ironclad, and thats all up and down this issue. Theres a big central focus on this issue on map facts that the earth is warming, that the warming will continue, that the dangerous warming is coming close, and that it we dont do something about emissions, well thereby pretty soon. All of that is now known theres a consensus about all of that. Scientists are very careful. Scientists tend to be skeptical, of course, and here we have thousand of them getting together and being able to agree on this high level of strnt. There is no environmental problem characterized by that level of strnt. Suarez youre constantly getting new data in from around the language. Have you gotten request new languages language that caused the i p c c to back off earlier predictions of effects down the road or is everything being reinforced, the predictions made in earlier reports . No, there are certain things that we think were a little lescertain bor where weve lowered the projection. For instance, the climate sensitivity as its called, the response of the atmosphere when co2 doubles, it had a range in the last report of about two to 4. 5 degrees celsius in fahrenheit you can about double those numbers the bottom limit on that range has been dropped a little bit. So its conceivable with a doubling, instead of a warming of two degrees celsius, well have one and a half degrees which is about three degrees fahrenheit. On the other hand, in the report previous lot last one, the number that was used was the same as it is now. So that shows you the scientists are forever fine tuning and try to incorporate new knowledge. Scientists are obsessed with getting the answer right, with staying up to date. And if the answers lead us in a direction of thinking were less certain or the effects arent going to be quite as bad, we going to say that, too. Suarez some scientist sciend academics cast a more skeptical eyes on the work of the ipcc, among them is roarnlg pilke. In look over the latest report he says whats your response . Roger is completely wron. The scientists looked at it very cieflly. Theres an extensive coverage of it suarez hasnt there been a pause in the rise of surface land temperatures. Theres babe slo slowdown. It hasnt stopped. That is believed to be because the climate is quite variable. If you look at the longterm records, there are bumps upwards, an