News. Those are just some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by Charles Schwab, proud supporter of the pbs newshour. And by bnsf railway. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And friends of the newshour. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff more americans went looking for work in march, and more people found it. The Labor Department today reported a net gain of 192,000 jobs, although many were in lowerpaying industries. Revised figures also added 37,000 more jobs in january and february than first estimated. The Unemployment Rate for march was unchanged at 6. 7 . Economics correspondent paul solman goes looking for trends inside the numbers in just a moment. On wall street, the jobs report failed to stop a selloff driven by slumping tech stocks. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost nearly 160 points to close at 16,412. The nasdaq fell 110 points to close at 4,127. And the s p 500 was down 23 at 1,865. For the week, the dow and the s p gained a fraction of 1 ; the nasdaq fell a fraction. Army officials at fort hood, texas, now believe an argument most likely sparked wednesdays mass shooting. Specialist ivan lopez killed three soldiers, wounded 16 other people, and then killed himself. The base commander, Lieutenant General mark milley, said today that investigators no longer think Mental Illness was the cause. His underlying medical conditions we do not believe are the direct precipitating factor to the incident. His underlying medical condition is not a direct factor. We believe the immediate precipitating factor was more likely an escalating argument in his unit area. Woodruff the general gave no details about the argument. But lopez father said in a statement my son could not have been in his right mind. He was not like that. Meanwhile, the army identified the three men who died. All were activeduty soldiers, and one had just returned from afghanistan. Supporters of gay marriage have won another victory. After a hearing today, a federal judge in cincinnati announced he will strike down part of ohios ban on samesex unions. He did not order the state to allow such weddings, but it will have to recognize those performed elsewhere. Federal judges have issued similar rulings in 7 other states. The hunt for Malaysia Airlines flight 370 went under water today. Lucy watson of independent Television News reports from beijing, where relatives of the chinese passengers are keeping a close watch. Reporter it is the technology that all hopes are pinned on in the bid to find out why flight 370 just disappeared. Devices out for the first time take the search beneath the surface of the ocean. The underwater search is being carried out by a british and an australian ship along a 150mile track more than 1,000 miles off the coast of perth. A giant microphone, a ping locator will listen out for a signal from the black box while an underwater robot scours the seabed for wreckage. But the battery life of the flight data recorder can run out after 30 days potentially leaving just dice to find it. Everybody wants to find that downed aircraft, and i dont think anybody is withholding anything in terms of what needs to be done to do the job. Reporter but that is not what the families of many passengers believe. This mans only son was on board. He thinks the malaysian government is withholding information. I dont believe my son died. I believe everyone on board is still alive. Its a conspiracy. Reporter the malaysians are having to accept scrutiny while continuing to hope and pray for those on board. Woodruff this was election eve in afghanistan, and it was marred by a fatal attack on a western journalist. A Police Commander shot and killed an Associated Press photographer, Anja Niedringhaus, in eastern afghanistan. A. P. Correspondent kathy gannon was also shot but survived. The attack came as nearly 200,000 afghan troops deployed to protect polling stations for tomorrows president ial vote. The police chief in kabul said theyre ready. We are doing our best to ensure security in case the enemy carries out any kind of attack in kabul. Our forces have the ability to eliminate the threats quickly and prevent them from creating any problems or threatening our people or our elections. Woodruff final results in the election are not expected for some weeks. In ukraine, Prime MinisterArseny Yatsenyuk warned his country will never accept russias annexation of crimea. Instead, he said kiev will focus on austerity measures, including raising gas prices and cutting pensions. He called it the price of independence in the face of russian economic pressure. Secretary of state john kerry warned today the Obama Administration is reevaluating its role in trying to foster middle east peace talks. He spoke after a week in which the palestinians resumed seeking u. N. Recognition and the israelis canceled a release of palestinian prisoners. In morocco, kerry said its reality check time. There are limits to the amount of time and effort that the United States can spend if the parties themselves are unwilling to take constructive steps in order to be able to move forward. Both parties say they want to continue. Neither party has said that theyve called it off. But were not going to sit there indefinitely. Woodruff kerry originally hoped for a Peace Agreement by the end of april. Now, hes asking the two sides just to keep negotiating. Still to come on the newshour whats behind the job gains in march . Author Michael Lewis on the threat of highfrequency trading; on the eve of afhgan elections, a look at how women in that country are treated; shields and brooks on the weeks news; plus, the death of an Award Winning photojournalist in afghanistan. Woodruff the latest jobs report is our lead focus tonight. It was once again widely awaited for what it tells us about the strengths and weaknesses of the labor market. Our economics correspondent, paul solman, spent much of the day unpacking the data. He kicks off our coverage, part of his ongoing reporting on making sense of financial news. Reporter todays jobs headlines featured employment growth chugging along in march, employers posting solid job gains for the second straight month. Kristin butcher chairs the Economics Department at wellesley and came by the home office near boston to explain. We have some real bright spots in this employment report. We have 192,000 new jobs counted in the Establishment Survey, and in addition to that, there are revisions upwards from the previous couple months of the year. Reporter and the Establishment Survey is when they ask employers how many jobs you. Yes, so how many checks are going out the door. And so we have about 192,000 new jobs. Within that, theres some nice things as well, which is that temporary Business Services seem to be up, and that tends to be a bellwether because temporary Services Mean that theyre hiring temporary workers in advance, we think, of hiring full time workers. Construction numbers are also up, and those tend to foretell changes. Construction tends to be quite sensitive to downturn in the economy, and also sensitive to upturn. Reporter the report included a milestone, according to the bureau of labor statistics more than six years after the start of the great recession, the economy has regained all the private sector jobs that were lost. Bls commissioner erica groshen. The private sector lost 8. 8 million jobs during the job market downturn, and its now gained 8. 9 million jobs since the employment low in february 2010. Reporter but behind the headlines, the population has continued to grow, and thus the Unemployment Rate remains high, unchanged from last month. We have many people who are still looking for work who have not been able to find it. Im worried that the employment topopulation ratio, which is a measure of how many people have jobs just relative to the population, has remained pretty much the same since last year reporter if were adding a couple hundred thousand people, almost, to the total population every month, and were only adding roughly that many jobs to the economy, then we wouldnt be affecting the Unemployment Rate at all. So i think were going to need to see many months of job growth like the one we saw before the Unemployment Rate comes down substantially, and before that employmentto population ratio begins to come up. Reporter another cause for concern u7, our own more inclusive measure of un and underemployment, went up to 14. 75 in march, nearly 24 million americans, driven by a big jump in the number of part timers looking for fulltime work. As to all the talk about the brutal winters Economic Impact the weather affects things, but we shouldnt be focusing on what happens month to month in the short term anyway, and those things get smoothed out. Reporterwe should be focusing, says professor butcher, on the nearly 4 million americans whove remained jobless for 27 weeks or more. We have about a million fewer longterm unemployed this year than we did at this time last year, so the numbers of people who are longterm unemployed have come down, but the rate is about the same and the average number of weeks unemployed is still quite high. Reporter in washington, the senate is expected to pass an extension of benefits for the longterm unemployed next week. However, the measure faces an uphill battle in the house. Woodruff and, in fact, lets zero in now on the problems many longterm unemployed americans are facing in the labor market and what can be done to help them. Hari sreenivasan has our conversation. Sreenivasan ofer sharone is a sociologist at the m. I. T. Sloan school of management whos trying to help tackle these issues. He cofounded the institute for Career Transitions last fall. Its focused in part on assisting people between 40 and 65 years old with college degrees. Youve studied this a little bit. What are some of the problems unique to the longterm unemployed . Good evening, hari. Yes, two things really jump out. One is people talk about experiencing a black hole. They are applying online, putting in tremendous effort to find a job and getting no responses. This, i think, is partly a result of discrimination against people who are longterm unemployed by virtue of the duration of their unemployment. I can say more about that, but theres another experience thats really important, which is just a toll on ones sense of self, the Emotional Experience of looking for work for month after month and not finding it. Many people tend to start to doubt themselves, to have the experience of selfblame, despite the fact were still in unprecedented territories since the Great Depression for longterm unemployment, its easy to lose sight of that and to feel that its something youre doing. And this is a particularly american whitecollar phenomenon, thats what my recent book focused on, looking at how, when youre trying to avoid the black hole and, instead, networking, this becomes a highly personalized process with a lot of focus on building rapport, chemistry, and when you have negative labor market outcomes, you take the result personally as well. Sreenivasan do these feelings of selfblame get worse the longer youre unemployed . Absolutely. So each time a person tries to network, has an interview and then is unsuccessful, the sense of maybe theres something about me intensifies. I think of it as putting more salt on an open wound. It becomes harder and harder to continue with the search and, in some cases, people do stop searching. I think this is a piece of the puzzle of why we have this decline in labor force participation, which is also at historic low rates. Sreenivasan lets look at the demand side. Does the marketplace discriminate against the longterm unemployed . You and your peers have done research on. This lets say you have one candidate who has a job who might not have as much relative experience and one candidate who hasnt had a job in a long time but would fit to what the employer is looking for, is there discrimination in the marketplace . Yes, i think we have pretty good data showing there is exactly that kind of discrimination. There is a work of my colleague, did a resume audit study, virtually identical resumes except for the duration of unemployment and match of skill. It turns out that people with a better match in terms of skill that the company is looking for get lower rates of call back to interview, much lower, than people without relevant skills but with short duration of unemployment. So this is, in some ways, a very shocking finding and i hope employers listening to this Pay Attention because theyre passing up and missing a lot of great talent that is being overhooked by these kind of practices. Sreenivasan lets talk about what is working. What encourages this longterm Unemployed Population . Right. So we have been very important in the boston area to find a group of dedicated career counselors and coaches that have stepped up and said we will provide support for free, and lets see what kind of support makes a difference. And were very early in analyzing the findings, but i can say that support does make a difference, the people in our group are behinding jobs at finding jobs at a higher rate than the control group. And i think what theyre reporting helps. At one level, the support is technical. The way a company thats experiencing difficulties selling a product play bring in a consultant who has an external perspective and expertise and help understand what are my strengths, where are the market demands for these strengths, how can i best present myself to the employer, all these things really do make a difference. But theres a second level of it as well which is the emotional part that i think is equally important. Here the support helps people develop a counternarrative to the experience of being rejected over and over, reminding them of their strength, what has led to their success in the past. Sreenivasan and theyre useful to other people. Absolutely. Sreenivasan all right. The Group Context is particularly important here where people see also that theyre not alone in being longterm unemployed, that this is not something necessarily about themselves. Other very competent people are in the same boat. Ofer sharone, thanks so much. Thanks. Woodruff often, when we discuss the financial markets, we show these pictures, shots of traders on the floor of the new york stock exchange, but the trading world changed several years ago. Much of it now is done with computer servers, hundreds of millions of orders done through what is known as highfrequency trading. This week, there is a lot of buzz about a provocative new book focusing on how it has changed and how onethousandth of a second can make a big difference. The book is titled flash boys, the author the Michael Lewis, who also wrote mone money balld other books. Welcome. Yes. Woodruff so you focus much of the story on this new York Financial trader who starts out thinking the markets are all about one thing, discovers that theres something wrong, and basically goes about trying to change everything. Yes. Woodruff why did you focus on him . Because i was working on Something Else and i needed to learn what highfrequency trading was. This is a term of art that didnt exist until three or four years ago and it was my my ignorance was deep on the subject, and i asked big investors if they could point me in the direction of somebody who knew about this. And they said theres this young man, hes canadian, whos basically running around wall street explaining this to us and he knows more about these markets than anybody. So you ought to go see him. I went to see him really just on background to see what he could teach me about this and turned out he was engaged in this essentially attempt to reform wall street from within, to kind of discover what was wrong with the stock market, how predatory activity had arisen in the stock market that hes been on the wrong end of and educating american investors about what was happening. Woodruff so the book is a narrative about him but also a much bigger story. And you also start out writing about onethousandth of a second, a millisecond and lay the story of trying to lay fiber optic cables through mountains and under rivers. Why do you get into all that . I felt this story was in some way a symptom of wall streets larger problem in relation to society and why its gone wrong. The fraction of the second report is the fraction of second is the advantager High Frequency traders have over ordinary investors. Stock exchanges make an awful lot of money by High Frequency traders to be given access to special information and banks are paid to expose their crust merse against High Frequency traders. The system sort of evolved to create incentives that are not in line with the larger society. Woodruff the whole premise of the stock market is a place to go where everyone is supposed to be treated the same but much of the point of the book, as you said, ordinary investors are the ones getting the short end of the stick. In fact, today, we know the attorney general, eric holder, announced theres going to be a government investigation of highfrequency trading. What was so intriguing to me was that ordinary investors includes everybody from the most sophisticated Hedge Fund Managers right down to the person sitting at the computer terminal an