The city once called rangoon is often said to be frozen in time. Thats changing and quickly. The key question is how to preserve something of the past while moving into a 21s 21st century future. Ifill those are just some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by at bae systems, our pride and dedication show in everything we do; from Electronics Systems to intelligence analysis and cyber operations; from combat vehicles and weapons to the maintenance and modernization of ships, aircraft, and critical infrastructure. Knowing our work makes a difference inspires us everyday. Thats bae systems. Thats inspired work. Ive been around long enough to recognize the people who are out there owning it. The ones getting involved, staying engaged. They are not afraid to question the path theyre on. Because the one question they never want to ask is, how did i end up here . I started schwab with those people. People who want to take ownership of their investments, like they do in every other aspect of their lives. And the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff the city of boston paused on this First Anniversary of the bombings that erupted at the finish line of the Boston Marathon. Survivors, Public Officials and the general public honored the dead and offered hope for the future. Woodruff the day began with a quiet wreathlaying at the site of the two blasts on boylston street. The brother and sister of the youngest victim, 8yearold martin richard, laid one of the wreaths. A year ago, the scene was very different, as runners made their way to the finish line, the two Pressure Cooker bombs exploded within moments of each other. Three people were killed and more than 260 others injured. Many lost limbs. I run over there and there are body parts, people have been blown apart. The windows all blown out. Woodruff a manhunt began immediately for the suspects, identified as two brothers, dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev. The city was effectively locked down, and Tamerlan Tsarnaev died in a shootout with police. The younger brother, dzhokhar, was eventually found hiding inside a boat in a back yard. He pleaded not guilty to more than 30 federal charges and is awaiting trial. Today, survivors, families and medical staff joined with hundreds of others, including thomas menino, who was bostons mayor a year ago. Its an honor to be able to thank and praise the First Responders who carried some of you to safety. Ease the pain just a little more to shake the hands of the doctors and nurses who stopped the bleeding, closed your wounds, or mend you legs. Who saved your lives so you are here with us. In this moment making the city and world a better place. Woodruff Patrick Downes was among those who lost a leg in the attack, and so did his wife. We would never wish the devastation and pain we have experienced on any of you. However, we do wish that all of you feel at some point your lives feel as loved as we have felt over this last year. It has been the most humbling experience of our lives. We hope you feel all the emotion we feel when we say thank you. To our fellow Survivor Community what would we do without each other . We shouldve never me this way but we are so grateful for each other. Woodruff the theme of boston strong ran through the remarks of each speaker, including Vice President biden. Next monday, on patriots day, when im told up to 36,000 people line up to start the marathon you will send a resounding message around the world, not just the rest of the world but to the terrorists, that we will never yield, we will never cower. America will never, ever, ever stand down we are boston, we are america, we respond, we endure and we own the finish line. Woodruff and then, under rainy skies, the crowd moved outside to the marathons finish line, and paused for a moment of silence at the precise moment the bombs exploded. Woodruff the man suspected of shooting three people to death at Jewish Community sites outside kansas city was officially charged today. Frazier glenn cross, a white supremacist, had his first court hearing. He faces one count of capital murder, which carries a possible death sentence, and one count of premeditated murder. District attorney steve howe. The options for the sentence are life without parole or, if we choose, we file a notice of requesting the death penalty. That is something we dont have to file when we file the charges. That is a, i dont take that decision lightly and that decision will be made after we get all the facts and evidence in the case cause we want to make an informed decision before that is done. Woodruff while the state murder case proceeds, federal prosecutors are working on bringing hate crime charges against cross. In nigeria, more than 100 female students were abducted from a boarding school. It happened overnight, in borno state. Officials blamed the Islamist Militant Group boko haram. The abductions came hours after militants bombed a bus station in the countrys capital, abuja. The death toll rose to 75 today, with 141 wounded. An Ebola Outbreak in guinea and liberia is now linked to more than 120 deaths. The World Health Organization confirmed the new total today, out of 200 suspected or confirmed cases. There is no cure for the deadly virus, and officials have warned the outbreak could last for months. A u. S. Navy robotic submarine has begun its second dive in the indian ocean, in search of the missing Malaysian Airlines plane. Yesterday, the bluefin 21 cut short its first attempt yesterday because the water was deeper than 15,000 feet, the deepest it can go. Operators adjusted the search area for the second dive. Data from that initial mission showed no sign of the plane. This was the day of the dinosaur in washington. The smithsonians museum of Natural History took delivery of a nearly complete tyrannosaurus rex. Its fossilized bones traveled more than 2,000 miles, in 16 crates, from montana, where its been displayed since being discovered in 1988. The reassembly will take five years. The trex itself, once we unpack it, will be in hall 13, known as the rex room, just off the rotunda, and in that space, well be making a three dimensional scan and creating a digital trex, which will aid us in the threedimensional reconstruction and mounting of the actual skeleton in the hall in 2019. Woodruff the dinosaur will be part of a 48 million gallery devoted to the history of life on earth. Wall street managed modest gains today. The Dow Jones Industrial average rose 89 points to close at 16,262. The nasdaq rose 11 points to close at 4,034. And the sandp added 12 to finish near 1,843. Still to come on the newshour Ukrainian Forces push back against prorussian separatists; the battle to slow the worst effects of Climate Change; myanmars struggle to preserve its cultural heritage; one Pulitzer Prize winners sobering look at life on food stamps; an Oregon Community that pairs seniors with foster kids; and a personal take on healing after the boston bombings. Ifill ukraines military said its forces clashed with 30 armed members of a prorussian militia today, and regained control of a small airport. The action happened after the countrys acting president announced an antiterrorist operation to take back buildings held by separatists in at least nine cities in Eastern Ukraine. Lindsey hilsum of independent Television News reports tonight on the uphill battle ukrainian troops are facing against their own countrymen. Reporter coming into land, reinforcements for a unit of ukrainain troops. Theyre stopped on the main road just north of the towns where separatists have taken down the yellow and blue ukrainian colors and substituted the russian flag. They unloaded ammunition boxes and other supplies. The Ukrainian Government says their antiterror operation has now started. Their commander was clear that they see russia as the enemy. translated this is happening because of the unprecedented intervention by a neighboring country on sovereign ukrainian territory. Note that this aggression is made in the most base way. Lets not mince words its a criminal act. Reporter the soldiers were clear they dont want the civil war the russian government has predicted, ukrainians should not fight each other. Our enemy. The ukrainian people is not our enemy. Reporter what about the russians . Maybe. But Russian Military. Russian people, no. Set up camp here elf days earlier. You have nothing to fear, said the ukrainian soldier. Were scared of you, they replied, and we want you to leave or come on to the side of the people. The people here are fighting with the separatists, those who prefer moscow, they want the soldiers to reject orders from the government in kiev. But you live in ukraine and this is the ukrainian army. They have the right to be here dont they . They dont have documentation to stay here and we dont recognize this government who sent them here. We didnt elect them and we dont support their decisions. Reporter whether they like it or not, ukrainian soldiers are now being drawn into conflict with ukrainian citizens, the very people they were always tasked to protect. Ifill Lindsey Hilsum is in izyum, in Eastern Ukraine. I spoke to her a short time ago. Lindsey, im watching your report. Seems like things are terribly tense on the ground. How tense are they . Reporter its extremely tense today because this is the day that the Ukrainian Military has launched what its calling its special operation against the pro russian separatists who are occupying buildings in up to ten towns across Eastern Ukraine. Today, they brought their armored personnel carriers and other equipment down south, and then they went into a place called kramatorsk. They went in helicopters, landed at the airfield and seized the airfield which had been controlled by the prorussian separatists. Its not clear at the moment if there were casualties and if so how many. The Russian Media is saying there were People Killed but that is not confirmed. This is very much a propaganda war at the moment, so one has to be very careful. What we do know is some of the local people were unhappy about the ukrainian troops retaking the airfield, they started protesting and confronting them and the ukrainian troops, according to witnesses, fired into the air, possibly with automatic weapons. So this is a very tense situation at the moment and also extremely dangerous. President putin and also William Hague both talked about ukraine being on the brink of a civil war. Its a very dangerous moment. Ifill it does sound like that. But is there a way to gauge how genuine prorussian sentiment is on the ground that youve seen . Reporter i think there is a very genuine prorussian sentiment on the ground here. Youve talked to a lot of people over the last couple of days and they the government in kiev is illegitimate, as they put it, because it did take power after the previous president yanukovich fled and has not been elected. There are supposed to be elections in may. Well see if thats possible or not. Many of the people here, they watch Russian Television and believe pretty much everything that comes out of moscow and what the propaganda from there has been saying is that the government in kiev is fascist, its sort of marxist and so on. Now, the propaganda is there on the other side as well, from the government in kiev and from ukrainian sources, too. But i think that what you see here is a people who very much believe that they are put down, they are dismissed by the authorities in kiev, that this part of the country has all the wealth. You see a lot of power stations and mines here. It is a main stay of the ukrainian economy. They feel they get their recognition for that and they are looked down on and they absolutely dont trust the new government in kiev. So there is a lot of prorussian sentiment here on the ground. Ifill i was struck by the ukrainian soldier you spoke to in your piece who said he makes a distinction between the Russian Military and the russian people. It sounds like there are a lot of divide loyalties. Reporter well, i think there are because you have to remember that ukraine and russia were both part of the soviet union until 1991, and there are a lot of ties here, links which go back many m years and, also, world war ii, i mean we may think this is many decades ago, but for here it is very real. Where im standing now was a major battlefield during world war ii, many people fighting for the soviet army were killed here. So all those memories are there, and those memories are shared between ukraine and russia. But in the west of the country, people identify far more with europe and poland, so theres a lot of Division Within ukraine. But i think for the ukrainian soldiers, this is really a terrible thing. I mean, what they believe theyre here to do is like any army, protect the people of their country. To them, that means ukrainians. But what theyre finding as they come into this area is that many ukrainian citizens no longer feel that loyalty to kiev are looking towards moscow, so they are being forced into conflict with their own citizens and thats an extremely difficult thing. Ifill you mentioned earlier we are in the middle of a propaganda war, but to what degree does it feel we may be on the brink of a civil war as well . Reporter the two things are linked because one of the great dangers here is that rumor or misinformation can trigger events. People hear of something happening and then react. Wars have been started like that before by misinformation. Sometimes deliberate, sometimes accidental. So there certainly is a sense of this area, this country being on the brink of civil war. But, of course, its important to say that this is not too late. There are supposed to be talks on thursday which would involve the russian government, the Ukrainian Government, the European Union and the americans as well. A lot depends on president putin. He has been pushing the situation here. I dont think for sure there are Russian Troops here but we can say for sure the russians have been orchestrating this and have made sure this happens because they dont want the government in kiev to have legitimacy and for those elections to be able to go ahead in may with no problem. They seized crimea, crimea was part of ukraine, now annexed to russia. That happened in february. So i think they are showing what they can do here. What may be called for now is diplomacy and dialogue because i think Everybody Knows just how dangerous this situation is and now is the most dangerous moment. Reporter Lindsey Hilsum from on the ground in ukraine. Thank you so much. Woodruff this weeks latest u. N. Report on Climate Change warns of the urgent need for Global Action in the next five to 15 years, if countries want to ward off the worst impacts of rising emissions. It also lays out numerous scenarios of what could be done. But those options come with different costs, and in the u. S. , theres been opposition in congress and often reluctance among much of the public to some big changes. We look at the economic and political challenges with robert stavins, a lead coauthor of the report. Hes an environmental economist at the Harvard Kennedy school of government. And maura cowley, the executive director of the Energy Action coalition, which includes 30 youthled groups. We thank you both for being with us. Robert stavins, let me start with you. This report stresses the urgency of doing something now, implementing new policies. Give us an example of a policy that the United States needs to implement in the near term. Well, jude, whats become clear is that for this country, for the United States, the only approach that conceivably would achieve meaningful Emissions Reductions such as those that are talked about in the new report from the new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change would be a new system, might be a cabin trade system as has been denigrated and passed the house but not the senate or perhaps a revenue neutral carbon tax but something pervasive throughout the economy and send the right price signals. Woodruff is this something you think lawmakers could embrace in todays political environment . Well, in todays political environment what is feasible is what is happening in the United States and that is that the administration is taking some action under existing regulations and through executive orders. Its hard to do much more than that. However, its possible, though, actually be proposing a cap and trade system, a tradable permit system, under one of the regulatory initiatives for power plants. Woodruff let me pick up with that with mau