Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Supported by the john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation. Committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff it began on january 2nd, when an armed Anti Government group took over a National Wildlife refuge in eastern oregon. Then, late yesterday, the standoff suddenly lurched into violent conflict. And today, questions swirled about what happened, and what happens next. After weeks of waiting, federal and state officers corralled the militia leaders during a traffic stop. Looked like they were making some arrests and clogging up the highway. I am glad to see an end to this. Hopefully it is an end to this. Woodruff they were captured as they drove to a Community Meeting in john day, oregon, 70 miles north of burns, near the wildlife refuge. Gunfire erupted during the confrontation, and the groups unofficial spokesman, lavoy finicum, was shot and killed. The arizona rancher had said hed rather die than be arrested. Jason patrick is one of those still occupying the refuge. They told us that we could safely leave. Well, the group that was leaving has a dead man in it. Theres another man who left and was in arizona and hes in custody. Theyve said peaceful resolution the whole time so it depends on what you believe. Woodruff f. B. I. Officials refused today to give details of how the shooting happened, while insisting the whole situation could have been avoided. The armed occupiers have been given ample opportunity to leave the refuge peacefully. Theyve been given opportunities to negotiate. Instead, these individuals have chosen to threaten and intimidate the america they profess to love and through criminal actions bring these consequences upon themselves. Woodruff Amanda Peacher is with oregon public broadcasting, and has been covering the standoff. This is very tense and anxious place in burns today, there has a lot been suffering, while here some sympathize with the protestors, no one here wanted violence. So we are seeing a lot of grief and anxiety over what could happen next here in burns. Woodruff authorities arrested the groups leader, ammon bundy, at the traffic stop along with his brother ryan and three others brian cavalier, shawna cox and ryan payne. Two other occupiers, Joseph Donald oshaughnessy and peter santilli, were taken into custody separately back in burns. Hours later, an eighth militia member, jon eric ritzheimer, surrendered to police in arizona. Each will face felony charges of conspiring to impede federal officers. The group has occupied the malheur National Wildlife refuge since january 2nd to protest federal control of public lands. We want to make sure that they remain open to the public, where people can hunt and fish and hike and camp and watch the birds. We also want to make sure that those who own the rights on these lands can use it without inhibitation from government. Woodruff but the local sheriff, dave ward, warned today that its time for the standoff to end. Its time for everybody in this illegal occupation to move on. There doesnt have to be bloodshed in our community. If we have issues with the way things are going in our government, we have a responsibility as citizens to act on those in an appropriate manner. We dont arm up. No matter what it takes. Many have told reporters that they are willing to die there and they seem to be making preparations to sort of hunkerdown. We have heard reports that theyre building trenches, and that they are armed, although we dont know to what extent. And they seem ready to stay, and potentially fight. Checkpoints have now been set up woodruff checkpoints have now been set up along key routes in and out of the refuge to secure the area. One of the occupation leaders says five or six militia members are Still Holding out there. Ifill in the days other news, the Federal Reserve kept a key shortterm Interest Rate unchanged. Fed policymakers had raised rates in december for the first time in nearly a decade, but today they said they need to assess slumping markets and plunging oil prices. That could mean additional rate hikes will be slower in coming. Woodruff wall street wanted an Even Stronger signal that the fed will delay further rate increases, and stocks fell as a result. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost 222 points to drop below 15,950. The nasdaq fell nearly 100 points. And the s p 500 slid 20. Ifill the focus of the democratic president ial contest shifted, at least for a while today, to the white house. Vermont senator Bernie Sanders met privately with president obama on foreign policy, the economy and politics. Afterwards, sanders brushed aside talk that the president s recent praise of Hillary Clinton shows he favors her. I know there was some discussion the other day about a politico interview, where he was tipping the scale towards secretary clinton. I dont believe that at all. I think he and the Vice President have tried to be fair and evenhanded in the process and i expect theyll continue to be that way. Ifill also today, clinton called for adding another democratic debate before the New Hampshire primary on february 9th. But the Democratic NationalCommittee Said its sticking to its sanctioned schedule. Woodruff in germany, the ruling cabinet has approved new deportation measures for foreigners who commit crimes. Now, the German Parliament has to sign off. The government is under growing pressure to act since a wave of new years eve violence in cologne and other cities. Much of it was blamed on migrants. Ifill the United Nations launched an appeal today for nearly 400 million in humanitarian aid to afghanistan. U. N. Relief officials said its vitally needed to help a surge of refugees. More than 300,000 afghans fled their homes last year, as fighting rose sharply. Qjw the United States and china dug in today over how to punish north korea for its latest nuclear test. In beijing, secretary of state john kerry and his chinese counterpart agreed on the need for a u. N. Resolution, but not on a u. S. Call for significant new sanctions. Its good to agree on the goal, but its not enough to agree on the goal. We believe we need to agree on the meaningful steps necessary to get to the achievement of the goal, to the negotiations that result in denuclearisation. translated in order to maintain peace and stability on the korean peninsula, we have to first achieve denuclearization there. And only through negotiations will we eventually achieve de nuclearization on the peninsula. Sanctions are not the goal. The key is to resolve problems. Woodruff china is north koreas lone major ally, but the u. S. Has complained that beijing is not using all the leverage it has to influence the country. Ifill back in this country, the governor of michigan is defending his response to the lead contamination crisis in flint. Republican rick snyder visited the city and announced an Advisory Group to recommend longterm fixes for the water system. But at a news conference, snyder deflected criticism that he isnt doing enough to reach out to the people of flint. Im looking to do teletown halls where i can get on the phone with people and have them ask their questions. The citizens of flint because i do care about the citizens. So, will that be happening in the short term . Yes. Yeah and its already starting and its going to continue. And thats why im here today and be back on a regular basis in flint. Ifill also today, environmental and civil Rights Groups filed a federal lawsuit to force replacement of all lead pipes in flint. Governor snyder said that might be an option down the road, but for now, the state is focused on recoating the pipes. Woodruff and ferguson, missouri has reached a tentative deal with the u. S. Justice department, stemming from the Police Shooting of michael brown. The proposed Consent Decree was announced late today. It calls for better training of Police Officers and changes in the rules governing use of force. The deal goes to the city council for its approval, on february 9th. Still to come on the newshour campaigns down to the wire in iowa and New Hampshire. Greed and sacrifice in the battle to protect kenyas rhinos. Women working in what has historically been a mans world. And much more. Ifill now to the race for the white house. With only five days left until iowa voters head out to caucus, with New Hampshires first in the nation primary not far behind, one candidate continues to grab headlines even when he exits the stage. Political director Lisa Desjardins reports. I probably wont bother doing the debate. Reporter and with that, the Campaign Spotlight made its neardaily turn to donald trump. Lets see how much money fox is gonna make on the debate without me. Ok . Reporter the previously centerstage debate star said last night hed he will shun the next one, set for thursday night. Mr. Trump. Reporter his reason . Fox news wouldnt remove moderator megyn kelly, who trump has said shes biased, going back to the last debate on fox. That you are part of the war on women . Reporter trumps latest shots at fox news quickly became ammunition for his rivals, like ted cruz. I would like to invite donald, right now, to engage in a oneonone debate with me, anytime between now and the iowa caucuses. Major candidates have pulled out of primary debates before, including Ronald Reagan and george w. Bush. Both of them ended up winning the g. O. P. Nomination anyway. So, is there really any a risk for trump . Maybe. A study out of the university of missouri, looking at debates this century, found that primary debates do have a big impact and are particularly useful to undecided voters. And, theres a lot of candidate switching by voters after primary debates. But of course, trump has defied conventional traditional wisdom before. And this time hes drawing from his own playbook. Back in september, the republican frontrunner defused questions about using a battleship as a prop by turning this rally into a fundraiser for wounded warriors. He says whatever he does during tomorrows debate will also benefit the group. For the pbs newshour, im Lisa Desjardins. Ifill for more on whats happening on that debate stage tomorrow night and how voters are preparing for the actual voting we are joined by local reporters watching developments up close up in New Hampshire and iowa. Paul steinhauser is political director at nh1 news network, and joins us from manchester, New Hampshire. And o. Kay henderson is news director at radio iowa. Shes in des moines. Localk start with you because five days out, so you actually get the first word here. How are things royaling here on these last few days . Thats a great word, finger nails are being bitten down to the core. People are worried. It is a twoperson race it looks like on the republican side between trump and cruz and on the democratic side its you know a debate about whether enthusiasm or organization will win on caucus night. The organization of Hillary Clinton hoping that they can surmount the surging Bernie Sanders here. Ifill does this threaten appears to be real walkout that donald trump is talking about for tomorrow night is that having any effect or is that much conversation for all of us . Well, what it has done is it has made donald trump dominate the discussion again. Thats what everybody is talking about. What is he going to do . He announced late today he is going to hold an event at Drake University on the same stage where Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders and Martin Omalley appeared earlier there week, it will occur at exactly the same time that the fox news debate will happen. And of course you heard just moments ago that te ted cruz is talking about donald trump and challenging him to a debate. It is hard for those candidates that are hoping they can have a debate on the republican side, when you have two candidates on the front of the pack firing at each other. Paul steinhauser, there is also a debate going on about debates. There certainly is. We didnt have a debate the week before the primary, on the democratic side weve had that gosh for 20 to 30 years. So nbc news now proposing a debate. And Hillary Clinton kind of aboutface right . She was not in favor for more debates for quite some time so the dwrid of an extra debate even though it was unsanctioned sounds good to her. Democratic committee not going to sanction that debate. Bernie sanders says no im not going to do it unless its sanctioned. Sanders, the frornl front runnee role reversal pretty dramatic on the democratic side. All the candidates are you out your way. This is the first date since christmas week that i didnt have a candidate. Ifill they are happening your way. There have been other things happening in New Hampshire, newspaper enforcements all of a sudden piling up for john kasich. John kasich hasnt been getting a lot of media are, interest but a lot of newspaper normts. Endorsements. Donald trump is the front runner by double digits, now its a battle for second third and fourth. Gwen. I heard that Hillary Clinton is planning to be in New Hampshire next tuesday. The morning after the caucuses you can have more than you can handle. What are these candidates saying as they go around, who are they trying line up and what difference is it making . Are trumps message is clear, cruz, making sure that the evangelical, front is with him. And striking a contract with secretary clinton on key issues, Bernie Sanders visited a union hall yesterday and talked about the tpp, he accuse he her ever being late to the dance on a number of key issues that are important to progressive democrats. Secretary clinton today was at a Bowling Alley in adell, avoid, she was throwing some elbows at senator sanders. Today she was talking about she, senator sanders and governor omalley agree on many issues. She was focused on a closing message telling people that being in iowa had really changed her and informed her on a number of issues. Ifill kay, give us the understanding where geographically these candidates are focusing. You talked about it being a three person race in iowa. Where is ted cruz going, where is donald trump going and where is ben carson going . Ben carson last held steady. He reminds me of allen keys who held firmly in the last race. Democrats tend to be focusing on the eastern half of the state whereas you have republicans who are sort of rushing in to that Northwest Quadrant of the state, hoping to nail down the more conservative republicans. The way the votes are counted here is much different. Democrats really have to run a statewide campaign. Whereas republicans can truly run up the score in some of the more conservative areas of the state. And strike a win on caucus night. Pawtle, that is an important point how different iowa is from New Hampshire. If you havent made up your mind in iowa now you probably dont plan to show up for caucus. In New Hampshire is not the same thing. What are the closing issues there . New hampshire voters traditionally make up their minds late. New hampshire voters like to see the candidates two three four times ask them the questions, and then theyll decide. The big battle for second third and fourth, it is a very different feel than in iowa. Youre seeing a lot more outpouring towards independent voters. There are about 40 of the lact rat here, they electorate here, and on the democratic side as well, the independents, where do they go, do they vote on the republican primary or the democratic primary, that is the key question here gwen. Where the independents were going to go, undecideds were going to go, donald trump has been steady hasnt he . He has, in the upper 20s, lower 30s, you pick your poll, late july early august, hasnt changed. Donald trump, hours after the debate will be right here in New Hampshire. You mentioned john kasich. Coming back on saturday, going to campaign straight hue here. Kasich will be the onlying candidate here on caucus day. Gwen. Has Bernie Sanders approach changed at all, so far ahead its a question of cruising to the end . No, theyre not taking anything for granted so he may change his mind on this debate. We may have a president ial debate, next week, stay tuned for that. His lead you picked the poll, it could be anywhere the from 9 to 12 points. Sanders is not taking a darn thing for granted here. Hillary clinton doesnt want to get blown out by double digits. Ifill kay, there is so much anticipation for the poll, everyone is waiting where it leads. Tell us a little bit about why this is considered to be an important poll and how its played out in past years . This is the poll that showed the santorum surge in 2012. This is the poll that showed barack obama was likely to win in 2008. It is considered, its been said often, that