Transcripts For KQED PBS NewsHour 20170418 : vimarsana.com

On tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by bnsf railway. And with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff voting is in the news across europe today, starting with a surprise announcement from london british Prime Minister theresa may called for an early election, in june, instead of waiting until 2020. Speaking outside her official residence, may said she is asking to move up the vote to strengthen her hand in negotiating britains exit from the european union. Division in westminster will risk our ability to make a success of brexit, and it will cause damaging uncertainty and instability to the country. So we need a general election, and we need one now, because we have at this moment a oneoff chance to get this done. Woodruff we will take a closer look at the implications of mays move, later in the program. Police in france say they have broken up an imminent attack aimed at that countrys president ial election. They arrested two suspects today in the port city of marseilles, and recovered guns and explosives. Prosecutors accuse the pair of being islamic extremists. The first round of voting in frances president ial race begins on sunday. In turkey, the Main Opposition Party is formally asking to annul sundays referendum that expanded the powers of president Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Hundreds of people waited outside the electoral boards headquarters today to file petitions against the vote. They say accepting ballots without an official stamp was illegal. Separately, the white house defended President Trumps congratulatory call to erdogan, as an effort to work with those who fight terrorism. Vice president mike pence moved on from south korea to japan today, and again pressed the u. S. Case against north korea. In tokyo, mr. Pence said the u. S. Will not relent until the Korean Peninsula is free of Nuclear Weapons. And, he told japanese Prime Minister shinzo abe that american support is unwavering. We appreciate the challenging times in which the people of japan live, with increasing provocations from across the sea of japan. And as the u. S. President , donald trump, himself will say if he was here, let me be clear to you, mr. Prime minister and to all of people in japan, we are with you 100 . Woodruff last week, the white house announced that a u. S. Aircraft carrier was steaming toward korean waters as a deterrent. Now, it turns out that was premature. The New York Times reports the Carrier Group was headed the opposite way at the time, before changing course. The pentagon blames a series of miscommunications. The u. S. Military says it intercepted two russian bombers in International Airspace off alaska, on monday. Two u. S. Fighter planes shadowed them for 12 minutes. According to fox news, the russians came within 100 miles of alaskas kodiak island. It is the first such incident in nearly two years. The manhunt is over for the suspect accused of killing an elderly man in cleveland and posting video of the crime on facebook. State police in pennsylvania found Steve Stephens today in the city of erie. He shot and killed himself after a chase, closing the case for authorities back in cleveland. We are grateful that this has ended. We would have preferred that it had not ended this way, because there are a lot of questions. Im sure, not only for the family but for the city in general, would have had for steve as to why this transpired. Woodruff facebook c. E. O. Mark zuckerberg pledged today, the social media giant will do all it can to prevent postings of Violent Crimes in the future. State officials in arkansas are vowing to carry out a double execution later this week. That, after the u. S. Supreme court halted the states plan to resume capital punishment, for the first time in nearly 12 years. The high court issued its ruling late monday, just minutes before a condemned man was scheduled to die. Secretary of Homeland Security john kelly is taking on critics in congress over immigration enforcement. In washington today, he said too many Public Officials ridicule immigration agents and Airport Security officers, and accept unfounded allegations about them as truth. If lawmakers do not like the laws that we enforce, that we are charged to enforce, that we are sworn to enforce, then they should have the courage and skill to change the laws. Otherwise they should shut up and support the men and women on the front lines. applause woodruff more than 21,000 undocumented immigrants in the u. S. Have been arrested since President Trump took office. That is up from 16,000 a year ago. Republicans faced another tough race today in what had been a solidly red u. S. House district. The election was in suburban atlanta, where 18 candidates from both parties competed. The seat was vacated by tom price, now the secretary of health and human services. President trump attacked the leading democrat in the race, jon ossoff, who said he thinks the president is misinformed. There is word this evening that president george h. W. Bush is hospitalized again in houston. A spokesman said mr. Bush is doing fine and already on the path going home. He gave no other details plp bush is 92. He was hospitalized for pneumonia back in january. And, on wall street, stocks lost more ground after goldmansachs and Johnson Johnson posted disappointing earnings. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost 113 points to close at 20,523. The nasdaq fell seven, and the s p 500 slid nearly seven. Still to come on the newshour growing concerns over white house ethics; the president s efforts to revamp a widelyused guest workers program; pushback against trumps upcoming state visit to britain, and much more. Woodruff its tax day, and President Trump is facing renewed questions over Public Disclosure issues that dogged him on the campaign trial. Our john yang begins our coverage. Reporter for President Trump, questions about transparency start with his taxes, and why hes breaking with tradition and not releasing his returns. White House Press Secretary sean spicer were under the same audit that has existed, and nothing has changed. Reporter in fact, president s and Vice President s are automatically audited by the i. R. S. , which hasnt stopped other chief executives from making them public. This weekend, thousands of people marched in cities around the country to demand that mr. Trump release his taxes. He dismissed them with a tweet someone should look into who paid for the small organized rallies. The election is over. Mr. Trump is the first president in more than 40 years not to make his tax returns public. The president says only reporters care about the issue. But in a recent Bloomberg Morning Consult poll, 53 of those surveyed said the president should release them. Then, theres the question of who visits the white house, which mr. Trump calls the peoples house. The Administration Says its ending the obama policy of making visitor logs available, with exceptions for National Security and privacy reasons. Press secretary spicer frankly, the faux attempt that the Obama Administration put out, where they would scrub who they didnt want put out, didnt serve anyone well. Reporter the administration is also under scrutiny for hiring former lobbyists to craft policies for the industries they came from. The New York Times and propublica found some had been given secret waivers exempting them from ethics rules. Ethics questions also extend to first daughter and white house advisor ivanka trump, and her business interests. The Associated Press reported she received provisional chinese approval for three trademarks, on the day she dined with president xi jingping at mr. Trumps maralago resort. Her fashion line, which is seeing record sales, is held in a familyrun trust, and she has pledged to recuse herself from issues that present conflicts. For the pbs newshour, im john yang. Woodruff for more on some of the questions all of this raises about Government Transparency and conflicts of interest, we are joined by richard painter. Hes a university of minnesota law professor who served as president george w. Bushs top ethics attorney; and, noah bookbinder, executive director of the Government Watchdog Group citizens for responsibility and ethics in washington. We welcome both of you to the program. Thank you. Woodruff thank you. Noah bookbinder, im going to start with you. Theres so much to cover here, lets just pick out a few of these questions. Taxes the white house continues to insist that President Trumps taxes are being audited, and theres just no way he can release them. He doesnt have that ability to release them. Whats the answer . Thats just not correct. As the report just indicated, every president s taxes are routinely audited, and yet all of the previous president s have seen fit to release their tax returns. Richard nixon released his tax returns when he was under audit, and surely a level of transparency that was sufficient for Richard Nixon ought to work for this president. Woodruff richard painter, why isnt that a legitimate reason . In addition the white house says the public doesnt really care about President Trumps taxes. Well, the public does care, and the fact that the tax returns are under audit is not an excuse for not releasing the tax returns. And furthermore, the president is going to propose tax reform legislation, which may very well just mean more handouts for the super rich billionaire tax cuts. We ought to at least know what particular tax provisions are benefiting him financially, which loopholes hes using before he starts tinkering around with the tax code to create yet more. So this is going to be critically important that he release the tax returns, or were not going to have any tax reform legislation get through congress. I cant imagine that congress would sign off on a bill proposed by the president if hes not going to disclose how the bill is going to affect him financially. And the only way to do that is release those tax returns. Woodruff and just quickly to noah bookbinder, this has been donal Donald Trumps argumt throughout the campaign from the very beginning, the first time anyone asked him about releasing hez taxes. He said its none of your business. Its my private business. And besides, theyre being audited. Does he have a point that he is in a special place in this argument, unlike anyone else . He really doesnt. It is his taxes will reveal information that is going to tell us how hes affected, as richard said, by tax reform, but also by all kinds of other policy frooshz foreign policy, his tax returns will reveal his foreign interests, to regulatory policy. And so its crucial for the American People ton what his interests are, to know what affects him and where conflicts might be. Its even more true for becausee maintains these vast business interests worldwide. Woodruff i want to turn both of you to another question thats been in the news, and that is release ago making public the list of people who visit the white house, the socalled visitor logs. Richard painter, this white house, theyre saying were not going to do it. By history, by tradition, most president s havent done it. Yes, president obama did, but President Trump doesnt feel compelled to do so. What difference does it make . It makes a lot of difference. The most ordinary americans never have an opportunity to visit with anyone inside the white house. They can only look at the white house from outside the gate. Very few people get in there. Lobbyists, billionaires, friends of the president , friends of his staff, politically connected people. We have the right to know who those people are. Theyre going in there, lobbying the white house staff, trying to get legislation through, trying to get regulatory loopholes, tax loopholes and rest of it. And the rest of us who dont have any opportunity to go in the white house have the trite at least know who is going in and out of there. Woodruff noah bookbinder, your organization actually sued the administration of george w. Bush to try to get them to release these visitor logs. You werent successful with him, but, again, as we mentioned, president obama did release his. Where does that stand . Is this the kind of lawsuit that could apply again . Sure. Our organization sued originally under george w. Bush. That lawsuit carried through into president obamas administration, and it was in discussions that came out of that lutz that led to lawsuit that led to the Obama Administrations policy of releasing the visitor logs. They did it with exceptions for National Security policy and for privacy, so there were no problems with doing so. Countless news stories came out of who was in there, who was getting access, who was influencing policy from the millions of names that were released. We have filed a similar suit now with this administration because theyre not following the example of the Obama Administration and releasing those names. Woodruff so well see how long that takes to work its way through. I now want to turn both of you, though, to Something Else that has cropped up again today, and that is the family conflicts of interest. We know, patriotic that both the president s dawrkpresident s daa trunk, and her husband, jared kushner, have business interests. They have separated themselves by a measure now that theyre working in the white house, but they have not completely separated themselves. How do you see the decision theyve made to create trusts or other legal mechanisms without completely selling off and separating themselveses from their business interests . Well, the trusts dont do anything to change ownership of the businesses. They still have ownership of these businesses, which include clothing import businesses, bringing in clothes from china, and, of course, Jared Kushners real estate businesss. So what this means is both of them are going to have to recuse from trade negotiations with china that affect the clothing import business that ivanka has, and both of them are going to have to recuse from tax reform measures because there are lots of loopholes for the real estate business in any tax reform bill. Certainly a lot of real estaterelated issues on the table and tax reform, and furthermore, banking reform. They have to stay out of that. That affects real estate. They have to stay out of those things and it will be okay. Woodruff well, noah bookbinder, i was in touch today with ivanka trumps attorney, jamie garelic, here in washington, asked her about this story today about ivanka trump winning trademarks in china on the same day that she was meeting with the chinese, with her father with the chinese premiere. Jamie garelic wrote back and basically said ivanka trump removed herself from her business before the start of her fathers administration. She said she has no role in deciding now what trademarks it seeks. Shes going to fall followall applicable ethics rules. Why isnt that good enough . Well, the she is still the owner of that business, and because sheets the owner, she benefits from trademarks that are granted to the business, and so, if they apply for trademarks, she sees that they get them. She knows the Chinese Government is doing things that are beneficial to her, and thats going to make her more disposed to policies that benefit china. Woodruff all right, we are going to have to leave it there. As we said, so many questions in this. And i know were going to be coming back to it. Noah bookbinder, richard painter, we thank you, both. Thank you so much. Thank you, judy. Woodruff President Trump today renewed his call for u. S. Agencies to buy american and hire american, following a tour of a toolmaking plant in kenosha, wisconsin today. William brangham has the story. Brangham during his wisconsin visit, President Trump signed an executive order to encourage federal agencies to use more American Workers and products. It also targeted what are known as h1b guest worker visas, which the president said hurt those same workers. Right now, h1b visas are awarded in a totally random lottery, and thats wrong. Instead, they should be given to the most skilled and highest paid applicants, and they should never ever be used to replace americans. No one can compete with American Workers when they are given a fair and level playing field, which has not happened for decades. Brangham the h1b visa system is meant to help u. S. Employers find foreign labor to fill highly technical jobs they cant fill with u. S. Workers. But critics, including the president , say the system is being abused. We turn to two people who have followed this issue closely. Daniel costa is director of Immigration Law and policy research at the Economic Policy institute, a nonpartisan think tank here in washington, d. C. ; and, vivek wadhwa is a distinguished fellow and adjunct professor at Prime Minister<\/a> theresa may called for an early election, in june, instead of waiting until 2020. Speaking outside her official residence, may said she is asking to move up the vote to strengthen her hand in negotiating britains exit from the european union. Division in westminster will risk our ability to make a success of brexit, and it will cause damaging uncertainty and instability to the country. So we need a general election, and we need one now, because we have at this moment a oneoff chance to get this done. Woodruff we will take a closer look at the implications of mays move, later in the program. Police in france say they have broken up an imminent attack aimed at that countrys president ial election. They arrested two suspects today in the port city of marseilles, and recovered guns and explosives. Prosecutors accuse the pair of being islamic extremists. The first round of voting in frances president ial race begins on sunday. In turkey, the Main Opposition Party<\/a> is formally asking to annul sundays referendum that expanded the powers of president Recep Tayyip Erdogan<\/a>. Hundreds of people waited outside the electoral boards headquarters today to file petitions against the vote. They say accepting ballots without an official stamp was illegal. Separately, the white house defended President Trump<\/a>s congratulatory call to erdogan, as an effort to work with those who fight terrorism. Vice president mike pence moved on from south korea to japan today, and again pressed the u. S. Case against north korea. In tokyo, mr. Pence said the u. S. Will not relent until the Korean Peninsula<\/a> is free of Nuclear Weapon<\/a>s. And, he told japanese Prime Minister<\/a> shinzo abe that american support is unwavering. We appreciate the challenging times in which the people of japan live, with increasing provocations from across the sea of japan. And as the u. S. President , donald trump, himself will say if he was here, let me be clear to you, mr. Prime minister and to all of people in japan, we are with you 100 . Woodruff last week, the white house announced that a u. S. Aircraft carrier was steaming toward korean waters as a deterrent. Now, it turns out that was premature. The New York Times<\/a> reports the Carrier Group<\/a> was headed the opposite way at the time, before changing course. The pentagon blames a series of miscommunications. The u. S. Military says it intercepted two russian bombers in International Airspace<\/a> off alaska, on monday. Two u. S. Fighter planes shadowed them for 12 minutes. According to fox news, the russians came within 100 miles of alaskas kodiak island. It is the first such incident in nearly two years. The manhunt is over for the suspect accused of killing an elderly man in cleveland and posting video of the crime on facebook. State police in pennsylvania found Steve Stephens<\/a> today in the city of erie. He shot and killed himself after a chase, closing the case for authorities back in cleveland. We are grateful that this has ended. We would have preferred that it had not ended this way, because there are a lot of questions. Im sure, not only for the family but for the city in general, would have had for steve as to why this transpired. Woodruff facebook c. E. O. Mark zuckerberg pledged today, the social media giant will do all it can to prevent postings of Violent Crimes<\/a> in the future. State officials in arkansas are vowing to carry out a double execution later this week. That, after the u. S. Supreme court halted the states plan to resume capital punishment, for the first time in nearly 12 years. The high court issued its ruling late monday, just minutes before a condemned man was scheduled to die. Secretary of Homeland Security<\/a> john kelly is taking on critics in congress over immigration enforcement. In washington today, he said too many Public Officials<\/a> ridicule immigration agents and Airport Security<\/a> officers, and accept unfounded allegations about them as truth. If lawmakers do not like the laws that we enforce, that we are charged to enforce, that we are sworn to enforce, then they should have the courage and skill to change the laws. Otherwise they should shut up and support the men and women on the front lines. applause woodruff more than 21,000 undocumented immigrants in the u. S. Have been arrested since President Trump<\/a> took office. That is up from 16,000 a year ago. Republicans faced another tough race today in what had been a solidly red u. S. House district. The election was in suburban atlanta, where 18 candidates from both parties competed. The seat was vacated by tom price, now the secretary of health and human services. President trump attacked the leading democrat in the race, jon ossoff, who said he thinks the president is misinformed. There is word this evening that president george h. W. Bush is hospitalized again in houston. A spokesman said mr. Bush is doing fine and already on the path going home. He gave no other details plp bush is 92. He was hospitalized for pneumonia back in january. And, on wall street, stocks lost more ground after goldmansachs and Johnson Johnson<\/a> posted disappointing earnings. The Dow Jones Industrial<\/a> average lost 113 points to close at 20,523. The nasdaq fell seven, and the s p 500 slid nearly seven. Still to come on the newshour growing concerns over white house ethics; the president s efforts to revamp a widelyused guest workers program; pushback against trumps upcoming state visit to britain, and much more. Woodruff its tax day, and President Trump<\/a> is facing renewed questions over Public Disclosure<\/a> issues that dogged him on the campaign trial. Our john yang begins our coverage. Reporter for President Trump<\/a>, questions about transparency start with his taxes, and why hes breaking with tradition and not releasing his returns. White House Press Secretary<\/a> sean spicer were under the same audit that has existed, and nothing has changed. Reporter in fact, president s and Vice President<\/a> s are automatically audited by the i. R. S. , which hasnt stopped other chief executives from making them public. This weekend, thousands of people marched in cities around the country to demand that mr. Trump release his taxes. He dismissed them with a tweet someone should look into who paid for the small organized rallies. The election is over. Mr. Trump is the first president in more than 40 years not to make his tax returns public. The president says only reporters care about the issue. But in a recent Bloomberg Morning Consult<\/a> poll, 53 of those surveyed said the president should release them. Then, theres the question of who visits the white house, which mr. Trump calls the peoples house. The Administration Says<\/a> its ending the obama policy of making visitor logs available, with exceptions for National Security<\/a> and privacy reasons. Press secretary spicer frankly, the faux attempt that the Obama Administration<\/a> put out, where they would scrub who they didnt want put out, didnt serve anyone well. Reporter the administration is also under scrutiny for hiring former lobbyists to craft policies for the industries they came from. The New York Times<\/a> and propublica found some had been given secret waivers exempting them from ethics rules. Ethics questions also extend to first daughter and white house advisor ivanka trump, and her business interests. The Associated Press<\/a> reported she received provisional chinese approval for three trademarks, on the day she dined with president xi jingping at mr. Trumps maralago resort. Her fashion line, which is seeing record sales, is held in a familyrun trust, and she has pledged to recuse herself from issues that present conflicts. For the pbs newshour, im john yang. Woodruff for more on some of the questions all of this raises about Government Transparency<\/a> and conflicts of interest, we are joined by richard painter. Hes a university of minnesota law professor who served as president george w. Bushs top ethics attorney; and, noah bookbinder, executive director of the Government Watchdog Group<\/a> citizens for responsibility and ethics in washington. We welcome both of you to the program. Thank you. Woodruff thank you. Noah bookbinder, im going to start with you. Theres so much to cover here, lets just pick out a few of these questions. Taxes the white house continues to insist that President Trump<\/a>s taxes are being audited, and theres just no way he can release them. He doesnt have that ability to release them. Whats the answer . Thats just not correct. As the report just indicated, every president s taxes are routinely audited, and yet all of the previous president s have seen fit to release their tax returns. Richard nixon released his tax returns when he was under audit, and surely a level of transparency that was sufficient for Richard Nixon<\/a> ought to work for this president. Woodruff richard painter, why isnt that a legitimate reason . In addition the white house says the public doesnt really care about President Trump<\/a>s taxes. Well, the public does care, and the fact that the tax returns are under audit is not an excuse for not releasing the tax returns. And furthermore, the president is going to propose tax reform legislation, which may very well just mean more handouts for the super rich billionaire tax cuts. We ought to at least know what particular tax provisions are benefiting him financially, which loopholes hes using before he starts tinkering around with the tax code to create yet more. So this is going to be critically important that he release the tax returns, or were not going to have any tax reform legislation get through congress. I cant imagine that congress would sign off on a bill proposed by the president if hes not going to disclose how the bill is going to affect him financially. And the only way to do that is release those tax returns. Woodruff and just quickly to noah bookbinder, this has been donal Donald Trumps<\/a> argumt throughout the campaign from the very beginning, the first time anyone asked him about releasing hez taxes. He said its none of your business. Its my private business. And besides, theyre being audited. Does he have a point that he is in a special place in this argument, unlike anyone else . He really doesnt. It is his taxes will reveal information that is going to tell us how hes affected, as richard said, by tax reform, but also by all kinds of other policy frooshz foreign policy, his tax returns will reveal his foreign interests, to regulatory policy. And so its crucial for the American People<\/a> ton what his interests are, to know what affects him and where conflicts might be. Its even more true for becausee maintains these vast business interests worldwide. Woodruff i want to turn both of you to another question thats been in the news, and that is release ago making public the list of people who visit the white house, the socalled visitor logs. Richard painter, this white house, theyre saying were not going to do it. By history, by tradition, most president s havent done it. Yes, president obama did, but President Trump<\/a> doesnt feel compelled to do so. What difference does it make . It makes a lot of difference. The most ordinary americans never have an opportunity to visit with anyone inside the white house. They can only look at the white house from outside the gate. Very few people get in there. Lobbyists, billionaires, friends of the president , friends of his staff, politically connected people. We have the right to know who those people are. Theyre going in there, lobbying the white house staff, trying to get legislation through, trying to get regulatory loopholes, tax loopholes and rest of it. And the rest of us who dont have any opportunity to go in the white house have the trite at least know who is going in and out of there. Woodruff noah bookbinder, your organization actually sued the administration of george w. Bush to try to get them to release these visitor logs. You werent successful with him, but, again, as we mentioned, president obama did release his. Where does that stand . Is this the kind of lawsuit that could apply again . Sure. Our organization sued originally under george w. Bush. That lawsuit carried through into president obamas administration, and it was in discussions that came out of that lutz that led to lawsuit that led to the Obama Administration<\/a>s policy of releasing the visitor logs. They did it with exceptions for National Security<\/a> policy and for privacy, so there were no problems with doing so. Countless news stories came out of who was in there, who was getting access, who was influencing policy from the millions of names that were released. We have filed a similar suit now with this administration because theyre not following the example of the Obama Administration<\/a> and releasing those names. Woodruff so well see how long that takes to work its way through. I now want to turn both of you, though, to Something Else<\/a> that has cropped up again today, and that is the family conflicts of interest. We know, patriotic that both the president s dawrkpresident s daa trunk, and her husband, jared kushner, have business interests. They have separated themselves by a measure now that theyre working in the white house, but they have not completely separated themselves. How do you see the decision theyve made to create trusts or other legal mechanisms without completely selling off and separating themselveses from their business interests . Well, the trusts dont do anything to change ownership of the businesses. They still have ownership of these businesses, which include clothing import businesses, bringing in clothes from china, and, of course, Jared Kushners<\/a> real estate businesss. So what this means is both of them are going to have to recuse from trade negotiations with china that affect the clothing import business that ivanka has, and both of them are going to have to recuse from tax reform measures because there are lots of loopholes for the real estate business in any tax reform bill. Certainly a lot of real estaterelated issues on the table and tax reform, and furthermore, banking reform. They have to stay out of that. That affects real estate. They have to stay out of those things and it will be okay. Woodruff well, noah bookbinder, i was in touch today with ivanka trumps attorney, jamie garelic, here in washington, asked her about this story today about ivanka trump winning trademarks in china on the same day that she was meeting with the chinese, with her father with the chinese premiere. Jamie garelic wrote back and basically said ivanka trump removed herself from her business before the start of her fathers administration. She said she has no role in deciding now what trademarks it seeks. Shes going to fall followall applicable ethics rules. Why isnt that good enough . Well, the she is still the owner of that business, and because sheets the owner, she benefits from trademarks that are granted to the business, and so, if they apply for trademarks, she sees that they get them. She knows the Chinese Government<\/a> is doing things that are beneficial to her, and thats going to make her more disposed to policies that benefit china. Woodruff all right, we are going to have to leave it there. As we said, so many questions in this. And i know were going to be coming back to it. Noah bookbinder, richard painter, we thank you, both. Thank you so much. Thank you, judy. Woodruff President Trump<\/a> today renewed his call for u. S. Agencies to buy american and hire american, following a tour of a toolmaking plant in kenosha, wisconsin today. William brangham has the story. Brangham during his wisconsin visit, President Trump<\/a> signed an executive order to encourage federal agencies to use more American Workers<\/a> and products. It also targeted what are known as h1b guest worker visas, which the president said hurt those same workers. Right now, h1b visas are awarded in a totally random lottery, and thats wrong. Instead, they should be given to the most skilled and highest paid applicants, and they should never ever be used to replace americans. No one can compete with American Workers<\/a> when they are given a fair and level playing field, which has not happened for decades. Brangham the h1b visa system is meant to help u. S. Employers find foreign labor to fill highly technical jobs they cant fill with u. S. Workers. But critics, including the president , say the system is being abused. We turn to two people who have followed this issue closely. Daniel costa is director of Immigration Law<\/a> and policy research at the Economic Policy<\/a> institute, a nonpartisan think tank here in washington, d. C. ; and, vivek wadhwa is a distinguished fellow and adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon<\/a> universitys college of engineering. He teaches and writes on technology and entrepreneurship. Welcome to you both. Daniel costa, id like to start with you. You heard the brief introduction that i made about these visas. Explain what is the intention of the h1b visa . Well, the program is usually sold by the companies that use it as a program to bring in the best and the brightest workers from abroad and also to be used when no qualified u. S. Workers can be found. And the reality is, though, thats not what the law requires. Employers are not required to search for and offer jobs to u. S. Workers, and they can also pay much lower wages, based on the way the wage rules are set up in the program. And so thats sort of the two main things that are wrong with the program, and so the probable prm doesnt have a lot of credibility, and some fixes are definitely required. Brangham vivek wadhwa, the president argues there is a ready supply of american tech workers to fill these jobs and the visa program is being abusinged. What is your reaction to that . There are people with some skills, but the type of skills Silicon Valley<\/a> is looking for are always in short fly splooi because technology is changing so fast. And immigration is the life blood of Silicon Valley<\/a>. You know, yes, some is abiewlingsed, but it is badly needed by Silicon Valley<\/a> for what it does, which is to build these amazing new innovative product glks daniel costa, does this complement u. S. Workers or replace the workers . I think theres no question America Needs<\/a> the best and the brightest skilled immigrants from abroad. I dont think anybody is domestic that. What is at issue is the terms and conditions under which those they come to work into the United States<\/a>. Theyre tied to their employers so quasiindentured and able to be paid much lower wages. The program is set up in a way that has four wage levels and the two local wage levels are below the local average wage for the job, and 80 of the h1b jobs are a wage lower than the local average wage. What that means is either these are the best and brightest workers coming in and theyre being vastly underpaid or theyre just entrylevel workers coming in. The lower level wages are listed as the entrylevel wage. Thats the reality, i think, prioritizing higher wage visas or higher skilled workers coming in under those visas, it wont lower the number coming in, and certainly some Companies Really<\/a> need these workers but we should shift to a higher wage, higher Skilled Workforce<\/a> that comes in on the visa glook vivek, whats your reaction to that . If youre bringing in, workers from other lands, there is a fundamental fairness issue many American Workers<\/a> and the president would say thats not right. We should not be doing that. I agree with, that by the way. I agree with what daniel says. The problem is this visa ties the worker to the employer. When youre waiting for a green card, for indians who take 10, 15 years, youre basically locked into the employer and the employer pays substands wages and employer can get away with it. They have people locked in. Very simple solution, lets very simple solution lets decouple the employer from the visa. In other words, let the visa go to the employee so that the employee can shift jobs and go to the highest paid employer. Why do we have to have them linked up the way they are . If we did that, suddenly the Market Forces<\/a> would prevail, and it would fix the thereby one fell swoop, except we dont talk about it. You know a lot of the attacks on the visa are sostop immigration all together and cut off the life line to Silicon Valley<\/a>. We need to have intelligent conversations and ficts real problem there is, which is deathering the employee to the employer. Brangham would that be a solution . If the worker came in and the visa belonged to them and they didnt like the pay they were getting at company a, couldnt they go and work for company b . That just wouldnt be enough to fix the way the program is set up. There is very easy simple solution thats out there and been proposed in Bipartisan Legislation<\/a> by senators durb and i know grassily, and all it would simply do is require that employers recruit and hire u. S. Workers before hiring an h1b worker and require that employers pay at least the local average wage, so eliminate the two lowest wage levels. And then it would also create a prioritization scheme for the lottery that alcaits the visas. However, the Tech Industry<\/a> and corporate lobbies have been strongly against these basically simple, commonsense solution. Just being able to switch to another employer is not going to fix a lot of problems. Its something, and they can we should move away from these nonimmigrant temporary visa statuses because theyre terrible for workers because they are tied to employers, the same issue with lowskilled visas. But workers need to be coming in. We need to be make sure there is an actual labor shortage and actual needs before the worker comes in. And once they come in, we should put them on a quick and weighsys path to citizenship. Brangham vivek, what do you think of that . Too complex. Brangham if a josh an engineer of a certain category is 150,000 a year, thats what the immigrant laborer should be paid as well . I agree with that. But if the employee was allowed to change jobs, keep it simple. If the employee can change jobs like every other american can right now, the employer would have to pay market wages. The employer would select the best person. Why do we have to become nationalistic and say you have to be white skinned or born in america to get a job with the american company. The majority of income American Companies<\/a> receive is from abroad. They market their goods globally. If were now going to shawft rest of the world, rest of the world will shut us off and impact our pecome pptd simplest thing is to untether the visa from the employer and let the free market prevail. This is what makes America Great<\/a> say free market. Lets go back to that. Lets not have more regulation or more loopholes that can be subverted, which is what we were talking about. Simple, untether the two things, let the free market rule. Thats what im saying. Brangham all right daniel costa, vivek wadhwa, thank you both very much for being here. Woodruff stay with us. But first, as we reported earlier, british Prime Minister<\/a> theresa may announced today she would ask for elections to be held this june, instead of in 2020. Jeffrey brown has that. Brown the Prime Minister<\/a>s request for snap elections was made with an eye towards shoring up her negotiating position, as the United Kingdom<\/a> heads into tough talks over the terms of its exit from the european union. For more on what led to todays announcement, and where may hopes this will go, were joined by Stephanie Baker<\/a>, a Senior Writer<\/a> at bloomberg. Stephanie, first with that surprise was it a shock for many there and how was it taken . It was a big shock, and a the love people were surprised it hadnt leaked out beforehand pawps noticed in your report, theresa may, the Prime Minister<\/a> has ruled out an early election repeatedly over the past few months, and people took her at her word. So even members of her own party were taken aback by the decision. Brown so how fractured is the political debate there . Was there a sense that she did this because she realized she needed a strong mandate in order to shore up her support over brexit . Yes. Her conservative party has a slim 17seat majority in parliament, and, you know, i think she is taking a calculated bet here. Shes taken a look at the polls, which give her conservative partyave 20point lead, and she thinks she could increase her majority in parliament by picking up disaffected voters from the opposition labor party, particularly those who supported brexit in the north to increase her majority so that when she goes to brussels to negotiate, the u. K. s exit from the e. U. , she can come back way deal and not be attacked for any kind of compromises or, you know, negotiating conclusions by the hard, antieuropean wing of her own party. Brown and how big a personal risk is she taking . I saw that opposition figures were already painting her as a kind of opportunist trying to take advantage of things here. Well, yeah, i mean, i think she runs a personal risk of undermining her own credibility since she did say so many times that she would not hold an early election, that the country didnt need another election, that it would undermine stability. She does look like another politician who has gone back on her word, and i think that will play out during the campaign over the next seven weeks. Brown so one of the big questions, of course, is to what extent this reopens the whole question of brexit. How much will it be the subject of debate in this election . I think thats what a lot of people are talking about now. Un, traditional leash the u. K. Has been dominated by the two main political parties, the conservative and leftleaning labor party. The labor party is in a current state of disarray. Its led by a weak leader, jeremy corbin, who is regard as very unPrime Minister<\/a>ial. There is a third party, the liberal democrats, part of a governing coalition between 2010 and 2015. They have positioned themselves as the party of remain vote that is, the 48 of british voters who backed staying in the e. U. , and they are trying to turn this election into a kind of quasirerun of the referendum. Whether or not theyll be able to do that, how many seats theyll be able to ping by running that strategy is unclear. But certainly in areas like london and the south of england, which voted overwhelmingly to remain, theyre likely to pick up quite a number of seats so its hard to see how the balance will change. Brown and just briefly in 30 seconds or so, stephanie, americans, of course, are used to endless, yearslong elections. This is june 8, so its very quick. It is. Its seven weeks of campaigning. Parties are going to have to be write thirg election manifestos, getting fund raising in place. This will be incredibly qek. It is not unexpected. There were many people among all the different parties who thought she would call it. The timing, of course, caught many people by surprise. Brown Stephanie Baker<\/a> of bloomberg in london, thank you very much. Woodruff now, from the Prime Minister<\/a>s surprise news of today, to a surprise theresa may brought to the white house in january and the debate its sparked across great britain. From london, special correspondent Ryan Chilcote<\/a> has this look. Reporter it was supposed to be a diplomatic coup. The british Prime Minister<\/a> beating the worlds leaders to the oval office. I am honored to have Prime Minister<\/a> theresa may here for the First Official<\/a> visit. Reporter may didnt just return the favor, she upped the ante extending an honor only two u. S. President s have received since 1952. I have today been able to convey her majesty the queens hope that President Trump<\/a> and the first lady would be able to pay a state visit to the United Kingdom<\/a> later this year, and im delighted the president was able to accept that. Reporter then things got awkward. Three days later, 20,000 protestors gathered outside the Prime Minister<\/a>s office to denounce the travel ban President Trump<\/a> imposed just hours after may left. Then, another day of demonstrations. 1. 8 million brits signed a petition demanding the Prime Minister<\/a> cancel the visit. Ten of the last 12 american president s whod come werent given the honor, why should President Trump<\/a> . Parliament gathered for a debate. Does my honorable friend agree that the expression, bleep describes a sexual assault, and therefore suggests that President Trump<\/a> should not be afforded a visit to our queen . Reporter at 82, paul flynn is a Senior Member<\/a> of the house of commons. The debate in this country hasnt been about whether donald trump comes here. Its been about whether he gets treated to this state visit. Whats the big deal . Reporter the big deal is that only two american president s since 1952 have been given this special honor of a state visit. And were giving this special, unique privilege to donald trump after being in office for seven days. And it was an act of desperation by a Prime Minister<\/a> thats in deep trouble. Were losing our market in europe because of brexit, and shes desperate to ingratiate herself with america in order to try to win new markets. We dont want to give him privileged treatment. We want to show him our contempt and disdain. Reporter President Trump<\/a>s visit to the u. K. Has become politically fraught. Every aspect of the trip, from the timing to the itinerary, is in flux. Six years ago, President Trump<\/a>s predecessor was granted the highest of honors the opportunity to address parliament during his state visit. That was ruled out this time around, before it could even be debated. John bercow is the speaker of the house of commons. Before the imposition of the migrant ban, i would have been myself strongly opposed to an address by President Trump<\/a> in westminster hall. After the imposition of the migrant ban by President Trump<\/a>, i am even more opposed to an address by President Trump<\/a>. Reporter the state banquet is a staple of state visits though, so thats in. Protests are also a regular feature. A foray into the countryside kept londons protesters away from president bush in 2003 during his state visit. This time, the planners are looking at going even further, to the north. Scotlands an option. Rural and remote, its not a likely place for tens of thousands of protesters to gather, and yet even here, not everyones a fan. President trump owns two golf courses in scotland, including this one he built on a pristine patch of 4,000yearold sand dunes. David milnes house overlooks the course and the sea. Or at least it did, until he refused to sell his property to President Trump<\/a>. So you must have had quite a view here. Yeah, we had 40 miles of uninterrupted coast line. Reporter and now youve got the fence and the trees. Yes, trump provided the fence and trump provided the trees, which as you can see, are dying slowly. Reporter milne has flown two flags ever since trump visited scotland last year. The one on top is scotlands. And what possessed you to put up a mexican flag . Well, the mexican flag was donald trump had recently made the announcement that he was going to build a border wall and send the bill to mexico. Well, he did basically the same thing here with a small fence, and send me the bill. Reporter susan munro also reporter Michael Forbes<\/a> wouldnt sell either. The first thing he said is was whats this land worth . 25 an acre. bleep in your bleep dreams. Therell be protestors, all right. Reporter if theres one place in all of the United Kingdom<\/a> that can provide security and privacy, its here at the queens country home in scotland. President trump has reportedly asked to play golf on the queens private course at her scottish castle, balmoral. That would be a real honor. The last president Queen Elizabeth<\/a> ii met at her private home was Dwight Eisenhower<\/a> in 1959. According to one poll, close to half of the British Public<\/a> supports the idea of a state visit. There is also support for the president , himself, though in all of the parliamentary, this was the closest anyone got to it. There is something quite refreshing about a politician actually doing what they said they would do before they were elected . Thats a selfie that hilary took up in derry, New Hampshire<\/a> in january last year. Reporter sir simon burns traveled to the u. S. To campaign on behalf of hillary clinton. He is a conservative member of the commons and supports the state visit. We stand by america. America stands by us. Its in our national interest, and regardless of whos president , we have got to get on with the United States<\/a>. Reporter fellow member of Parliament Bob<\/a> neill says the visit should be looked at in perspective. Reporter President Trump<\/a> and theresa may have agreed to postpone the visit until october, to give british protesters a chance to cool off. Reporting for the pbs newshour, im Ryan Chilcote<\/a> in london. Woodruff fallout from sundays referendum vote in turkey continued today with critics of president Recep Tayyip Erdogan<\/a> calling for the results to be annulled. That is just one of a series of important issues being dealt with by the Senate Foreign<\/a> relations committee. I spoke just a short while ago with its ranking member, democratic senator ben cardin of maryland. I began by asking him if he was concerned by President Trump<\/a>s call last night to president erdogan to congratulate him on his apparent victory. Well, turkey is a very vibrant democracy, and, of course, one of our nato allies. They had a referendum. The referendum, according to local officials, did pass. We are certainly concerned about some of the powers that are being consolidated by mr. Erdogan, and about the checks and balances in their own system. Theres also been questions raised as to the legitimacy of some of the votes that were cast. So there are still issues i think need to be addressed by turkey. As far as President Trump<\/a> calling president erdogan, thats a personal decision he made. I think its important to recognize this is an important ally. Woodruff so you are watching the way ballots were cast. I ask because european observers are saying some 2. 5 million ballots may have been cast fraudulently. Yes, im very concerned about that. Theres been some legitimate concerns raised about some of the tech neerng techniques thatd and the way the election was conducted. So we are concerned. It was a close election. It was a pretty close call between the two. The amount of resources that were made available were certainly not equal on both sides. There are some questions on some of the processes that procedures that were used. So, yes, we are concerned, and we hope that the erdogan government will have a complete independent investigation on how the elections itself were conducted. Woodruff let me turn you to north korea. As you know, tensions have been raised significantly just in the last few days. The rhetoric both from the United States<\/a>, from the Trump Administration<\/a>, and from the North Koreans<\/a> has gotten hotter. This administration is saying what they call the era of strategic patience is over. Last night on this program, i interviewed the former defense secretary, william perry, who said hes alarmed by the state of relations between our two countries. Where do you stand . How concerned are you . Well, im very, very concerned. Clearly, the young leader of north korea is a very dangerous person. Im not sure how he makes decisions. We see what he does to people who oppose him, including members of his own family. Hes not a stable leader. Now, is the time for the United States<\/a> to exercise some very mature, International Leadership<\/a> to try to calm things down on the Korean Peninsula<\/a> and to change the calculation for north korea so that its they recognize its in their interests to negotiate the end of the Nuclear Weapon<\/a> program. That requires china to be much more aggressive in isolating north korea with the sanctions that have been imposed so that we can really make it clear to north korea ther their only path forward is to negotiate with the International Community<\/a>. That requires strong, mature, u. S. Leadership. We need a game plan that can accomplish those types of objectives on the Korean Peninsula<\/a>. Woodruff are you seeing that game plan from this administration . No, i have im not clear what the administrations policy is. They strn havent really sharedt with congress. Im not sure they have a comprehensive policy for the Korean Peninsula<\/a>. We want to make sure north korea does not possess the ability to use Nuclear Weapon<\/a>s, particularly to be able to deliver those Nuclear Weapon<\/a>s through the missiles they are testing. And we want to make sure also north korea is more in harmony with the International Community<\/a> and the way they treat its own people. Obviously, were concerned about the security of south korea. So theres a lot of interest that the United States<\/a> has on the Korean Peninsula<\/a>. And we havent seen an artic laipted, coordinated policy from this administration. Woodruff were moving around the world, theres so much to ask you about, senator, but i also want to speak to you about russia. Besides russian meddling in u. S. Elections, theres now growing concern about russian involvement in Upcoming Elections<\/a> in france and in germany. You are the sponsor, along with others, a bipartisan bill in the senate to impose sanctions on russia for cyber activity. That was that legislation was introduced months ago. The russians are still doing this. Do they whats your sense of how seriously they take any sort of retaliation or action by the u. S. . Well, we do know that the sanctions that were led by the United States<\/a>, in which europe has joined us, has had a major impact on the russian economy. So we believe sanctions can be very effective in changing the equation for russia and what theyre doing, not just in meddling in our elections or meddling in european elections, but what theyre doing in ukraine and the annexation of crimea. Theres still engagement on the eastern part ukraine, and the manner in which they are supporting the assad regime in syria, committing war crimes. All those behaviors by russia we believe need to change, and we believe sanctions can be a major part of that. So, yes, we want to enhance those sanctions to make them stronger. We have a strong Bipartisan Group<\/a> 10 daernlings 10 republicans that have joined in this legislation. We do know that russia meddled in our election. We know that. We know that they meddled in the montenegro election, caused violence. We know theyre very active today in france and in germany trying to impact that election, not only impact the integrity of the election, but also the results, to get a more prorussian leaders in europe. That is totally unacceptable, and we need to be united with our european allies to prevent that from happening. Woodruff and is the Drugs Administration<\/a> supporting that legislation . Well, i really have not had much communication with the Trump Administration<\/a> in regards to russian policy. There are Major Players<\/a> yet to be named from the administration that will require senate confirmation. So were still awaiting their ful team to be in place. In my conversations with mr. Tirl sop, ive made it very clear, i think hes made it clear in recent weeks. So were trying to give the administration more tools it can use for an effective policy against russias aggressive actions. Woodruff senator ben cardin, the ranking democrat on the Senate Foreign<\/a> relations committee. Thank you very much. Thank you, judy. Woodruff now, a classroom innovation called career and Technical Education<\/a>. It is a handson learning method for high school students. It is seen as a practical approach for both those headed to college, and for those who are not. And in the Navajo Nation<\/a> in arizona, its making a difference. Pbs special correspondent lisa stark, of our partner education week, brings us this story as part of our weekly segment, making the grade. Reporter this is a oneofa kind classroom, with a oneofa kind educator, clyde mcbride. My philosophy is, kids dont learn unless they get a little dirty. Reporter so in clyde mcbrides classes in Navajo Nation<\/a>, in northeastern arizona, students jump right in. The mcbrides tell us, go in there. Youre not going to learn anything if you stand back and watch. Reporter this is handson instruction in Veterinary Science<\/a> part classroom, part vet clinic. Students work and observe in two operating rooms, one for small animals, the other for large. They conduct exams and vaccinations, in a stateofthe art 2. 4 million facility, part of Monument Valley<\/a> high school in kayenta arizona, and its career and Technical Education<\/a> program. 180 students, more than one quarter of the high school, have signed up for this program, where abstract concepts meet the real world. Before they go to surgery, ketamine puts them to sleep. It is an anesthesia and its calculated by the millimeter per pound. In a math class, you get the problem wrong, you miss that question. In my program, if you get that math problem wrong, that animal can die. Reporter mcbride grew up around animals on a ranch in arizona. He lost his father at age 16 and figured hed forgo college to stay home and take care of the cattle. His mother had other ideas. Ill never forget going home one day and she says, were going to sign papers. I just sold the ranch, youre going to college. Reporter he became a teacher and, longing for a rural district, jumped at the job in kayenta. When i came up here, some of my peer teachers was like, why go to the reservation . Thats going to be the worst place that you ever go to. Our school is 98 on the free and reduced lunch program. A lot of our communities are very, very poor. Reporter but that hasnt slowed mcbride, or stopped him from dreaming big. When mr. Mcbride and i first started dating, we would go out to eat dinner and he would draw on napkins his vision of the agroscience center. And i would tell him all the time, youre crazy. People dont invest money like this in education, especially in native american children. I wouldnt accept no as an answer. Reporter it took decades to turn his dream into a reality. A new superintendent found the funding and students helped with the design. The a. G. Center opened its doors opened in 2011. This program prepares students for careers and college and much more. Its to get the community and the kids and the students their parent involved in a better lifestyle and Better Health<\/a> for themselves, for their animals. Making better career choices and making better life choices. Reporter and its working. Students in the Veterinary Science<\/a> program do better than the state average on math and english tests. 100 of them graduate high school, and threequarters go on to college or training programs. The rest go on to a job. Numbers that would be impressive anywhere, but especially for native american students, who post the lowest Graduation Rates<\/a> of any racial or ethnic group. We ignite the fire, we give them that passion. We give them that leadership. Then, whatever route they want to choose, we support that route. They made sure i didnt fall off track. They made sure i didnt do anything to ruin my chances of going somewhere. I didnt really have that much motivation from my parents, but here, the kids, they really have a lot of that from the teachers and the community. They really help them a lot and then they reach their goals. Reporter the program has enriched the students and their community. With the nearest vet hours away, this is the goto clinic for the animals and livestock families depend on. Animals are considered a sacred part of the navajo culture. In my culture, its like, if you take care of the animals, they take care of you. Reporter mcbrides goal is to launch his students for college or good jobs. Many hope to come back to serve their community. The navajo belief, and really the way i was raised, is, you want to leave this world better than you found it. And i can tell you, thats what i took into this program. When i leave kayenta some day, its going to be better off than when i came. Reporter im lisa stark, of education week, for the pbs newshour. Woodruff now, in our newshour shares moment of the day that sure sign of spring, tulips and no one knows them better than the dutch. This year the Royal Netherlands Embassy<\/a> in washington displayed some 10,000 at the ambassadors residence. We took a tour with Caroline Feitel<\/a> from the embassy. Our ambassador decided that this year he would like to do a spring event where we show off one of our biggest export products so we decided to do a tulip event to celebrate spring. We have over 10,000 tulips here, and i would say about 100 different varieties. The netherlands, weert second largest exporter of agriculture products in the world. We export about two billion cut tulips every year. And we export to the United States<\/a> over a billion bulbs, which half are tulip bulbs. Of course, were also very much known for. The area that has hundreds of millions of tulips during spring. Its endless. Its like a carpet of tulips that you see, and it is very impressive, and a lot of dutch people and a lot of tourists come to the netherlandses and want to see that. Its a unique moment in the netherlands every year in about midapril. In the 16th century, there was a lot of tulip bulb speculation, and one bulb could be the value of a house in amsterdam. So its seen as the first bubble speculation, you know, commercial bubble in the world. Every tulip you see comes from one bulb. That was created by the grower, and then had to be multiplied. So the one bulb became four, and the four becomes 12, and so thats why when you have a new variety of tulip, it takes quite a while before you have the huge quantity to be able to sell it commercially. They come in a huge variety of colors. You have parrot ones that have the multiple colors. You have doubles. You know, its almost like three tulips in one. Black doesnt exist. And then blue doesnt exist, either. The closest you can get is a deep purple. So we played a little trick so we have a blue tulip here today that was calendar. It was originally a white tulip, and the way its colored its put in blue water, and then it becomes a beautiful blue. Tulips, they are definitely the springtime flower that you see around. And i think it brings people happiness. Woodruff tonight, on most pbs stations, frontline presents the last days of solitary, following five inmates over three years in the maine prison system. In this clip, a confined inmate talks about his violent tendencies. Never hurt anybody they felt that didnt deserve it. Staff members, any staff member i ever put my hands on, i didnt stab any of them. Had multiple opportunities to. I have not done that. When i was drng i walked up to the desk, the female that was on, had her back to me. I threw the two shanks on the desk, and i told her, i said, im not here to hurt you. I held my hands up like this. I said,im going to turn around. Put my hands behind my back and cuff me. I turned around, put my hands behind my back, she froze up. I think she was a little in shock, didnt know what the hell was going on. She was like, is that your blood . Is that somebodys blood . Is that yours . I said, hello, dont ask no questions, cuff me up. I a violent inmate . I can be, yes. You put me in certain situations, i am going to be like that. Thats not no secret, though. Anybody knows that. Woodruff on the hour online right now for tax day, this writer says the yurnt u. S. Tax code should be scrappe scrad completely rewritten. Last week we profiled t. R. Reid and his new book a fine mels. U can now read an excerpt from that book on our website pbs. Org newshour. And thats the newshour for tonight. On wednesday a preview of saturdays worldwide march in support of scientific research. Im judy woodruff. Join us online, and again right here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and well see you soon. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by bnsf railway. The ford foundation. Working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. Carnegie corporation of new york. Supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of International Peace<\/a> and security. At carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group<\/a> at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org youre watching pbs","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"archive.org","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":"800","height":"600","url":"\/\/ia800605.us.archive.org\/17\/items\/KQED_20170418_010000_PBS_NewsHour\/KQED_20170418_010000_PBS_NewsHour.thumbs\/KQED_20170418_010000_PBS_NewsHour_000001.jpg"}},"autauthor":{"@type":"Organization"},"author":{"sameAs":"archive.org","name":"archive.org"}}],"coverageEndTime":"20240627T12:35:10+00:00"}