Barbara hope zuckerberg. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios at Lincoln Center in new york, hari sreenivasan. Sreenivasan good evening, and thanks for joining us. As italy marked a national day of mourning, rescue workers spent a fourth day searching for survivors of the devastating earthquake, but found none. Italian Authorities Say at least 291 people were killed when the overnight quake struck mainly in three towns on wednesday. Almost 400 injured are in hospitals. Today, italys president and Prime Minister attended a state funeral for 35 of those victims, including two children in white coffins. The worst hit town is amatrice, and thats where newshour weekend special correspondent Christopher Livesay joins us. Christopher livesay joint us. The funerals for all these people began today. Thats right. In fact today was declared a national day of mourning, the Prime Minister and president both were here in attendance. It was originally scheduled to be a day of celebration, today would have marked the 50th anniversary of the towns famous pasta dish. Its where im standing right now it was at the epicenter of this quake. One of the sad stories you come across is the fact that because of this food festival, the towns population practically doubled because of all the visitors who were here from elsewhere in italy and even further afield. Of course that celebration did not take place instead there was a state funeral in a town nearby here. There were lots of sad stories told there. One, however, was sort of uplifting it was story of two sisters, one who actually seemed to have sacrificed herself grabbing on to her little sister who is four years old. The big sister died but the little sister was able to survive. Sreenivasan what about the rescue turning into recovery efforts, those who are still missing . In this city there are approximately 20 people who are still unaccounted for. Technically the rescue effort is still ongoing, there is 100 hour window which rescuers can still expect to find, hope to find survivors if the survivors have some access to water. However, that window is now closing, so the rescuers i speak to really dont seem optimistic they tell me this they only expect to recover bodies at this point. Sreenivasan this is not a region thats unfamiliar with earthquake, some of the buildings behind you were supposed to be retrofitted to be stronger, what happened . Thats absolutely right. Well, thats a good question. In fact a state prosecutor has opened up over a hundred was it a question of the money never getting to where it should be . Was it a question of corruption, in fact italy is a country that is no striker when it comes to corruption. That is a question that were hearing asked when it comes to the reconstruction period. In fact the italian anticorruption czar spoke out against that warning against mafia elain filtration. Italy as you know is a seismic region, its had lots of earthquakes in the past. There have been cases of these big lucrative building contracts going out to people with mafia connections. Thats something that officials are looking out for right now. Sreenivasan all right. Christopher livesay joining us. Thanks so much. Sreenivasan in bangladesh, Security Forces said today they shot and killed the suspected ringleader of last months terrorist attack on a cafe that left 22 people dead. Victims from that attack included three students enrolled at u. S. Colleges. Police said the leader was a 30year old bangladeshborn canadian citizen who had been in charge of isis operations in bangladesh. Police say he and two other isis militants were killed during a raid on a building where they had been hiding on the outskirts the capital of dhaka. Secretary of state john kerry is scheduled to visit dhaka on monday to discuss the isis threat and the string of killings of religious minorities and others in predominantly muslim bangladesh. Russian Officials Say at least 17 Migrant Workers from the former soviet republic of kyrgyzstan died today when a e Officials Say all the. Nting victims were women, who were trapped in a dressing room as they changed into their work clothes. One official said the fire apparently was started by a faulty lamp on a floor where Flammable Liquids were stored and spread quickly through an elevator shaft to the dressing room. As many as half a Million People from the impoverished former republic are believed to work in russia. Competing with china for influence in resourcerich africa, japanese Prime Minister shinzo abe said today that japan will invest 30 billion over the next three years to nurture the continents Economic Growth and infrastructure. Abe told a summit of African Leaders in nairobi, kenya, the money will upgrade Electricity Generation and transportation systems, and invest in health care and education. By comparison, china pledged 60 billion at a similar african summit last year and has far outspent japan and the u. S. On the continent. In North Carolina, transgender rights activists are calling yesterdays ruling by a federal judge a victory. U. S. District judge Thomas Schroeder blocked enforcement of a provision of the states h. B. 2 law, which requires people to use bathrooms in schools and public buildings that correspond to the gender on their birth certificates. Instead, schroder ruled, two transgender students and an employee at the university of North Carolina must be allowed to use bathrooms matching their gender identity. University employee Joaquin Carcano said, hopefully this is the start to chipping away at the injustice of h. B. 2. Judge schroeder, appointed by president george w. Bush, also said the plaintiffs are likely to succeed at trial this november in arguing that h. B. 2 violates titlenine, the federal law that prohibits gender discrimination in schools. Today, Hillary Clinton received her First OfficialNational Security briefing, as the democratic president ial nominee. The twohour session with intelligence officials occurred at an f. B. I. Office in westchester county, new york, near her home. Republican president ial nominee donald trump received his First Security briefing earlier this month. Trump campaigned today in iowa, now rated by the Associated Press as one the six closest toss up states in the election. The other close states are florida, ohio, nevada, New Hampshire and North Carolina. Sreenivasan members of the university of North CarolinaCommunity React to this weeks ruling on the states h. B. 2 law. Learn more at www. Pbs. Org newshour. Sreenivasan with the economy occupying a Central Place in this years election, both president ial candidates are pledging to create more jobs. According to federal labor department, the United States lost nearly six Million Manufacturing jobs between the years 2000 and 2010. But some jobs once thought forever gone offshore to cheaper labor, are starting to come back. Its called reshoring, and newshour weekends Christopher Booker has the story. This signature segment is part of our ongoing series chasing the dream, about Economic Opportunity in america. Reporter to walk into the Bollman Hat Company, in adamstown, pennsylvania, is to walk into the past. Since 1868, americas oldest hat maker has made everything from fedoras to cowboy hats. And each part of the process from the way the wool is cleaned and felted, the materials pressed, and hats are shaped is a throwback to an older america. While still making hats largely the same way it did in its earliest days, this past january the employeeowned company added a new brand to their Pennsylvania Assembly line kangol. Coming to prominence in the u. S. In the 1980s, the british brand was an integral part of hip hop a constant accessory of early rap luminaries like run dmc, Grandmaster Flash and ll cool j. Founded in 1938, kangol hats were made in the u. K. For about 60 years before moving to china. In 2001, the Bollman Hat Company acquired the global license to design, produce, and distribute kangol headwear. Then in 2014, the chinese plant producing the kangol hats closed in order to move to bangladesh for cheaper wages, forcing bollman to find a new production facility. And like its role in hip hop, kangol is once again trendsetting, joining a growing roster of products formerly made in china. Through a combination of state grants, Online Fundraising and company investment, bollman bought and shipped the kangol knitting machines from china to adamstown. Don rongione is the companys c. E. O. How difficult has it been to about 10 and 15 a year and more and more customers shop online expecting faster delivery times. If we get to the same efficiency levels that we had in asia using u. S. Labor rates our cost is fairly close. We dont have to transport the product, and over time, as labor rates continue to rise in other parts of the world at a faster rate than they are here in america, it would actually become costcompetitive to do it here. Reporter such calculations, are music to harry mosers ears. As the founder of the reshoring initiavea group working to bring manufacturing jobs back to the u. S. , moser spends a great deal of his time trying to sell this type of cost calculation to american companies. When they first offshore, say, to china, the chinese wages were so low that the price differential was, say, 30 or 40 , but now that the chinese wages have come up, that gap might only be 15 or 20 . Reporter moser believes increased chinese wages make it difficult to justify the other costs associated with offshoring, like shipping, delivery delays, and the overhead that comes with maintaining large inventories. So, all these things that, each one might only be 1 or 2 , but when you have 30 of them at 1 or 2 , you can make up for a 15 or 20 price difference from china. Reporter todays hes pitching his Reshoring Initiative at Mississippi State university in starkville, mississippi. So my favorite single case about reshoring is g. E. They brought back appliance production to an appliance park in louisville, kentucky. Reporter moser argues, companies could afford to bring nearly a million jobs back to the u. S. We conclude that about 25 of what is offshore today would come companies did the math. Reporter while u. S. Employment in manufacturing started declining in the early 1980s, the massive job losses really didnt start until the millennium. Between 2000 and 2009, close to six Million Manufacturing jobs were lost. But in 2010, the hemorrhaging started to slow. Moser says, since then, 265,000 manufacturing jobs with around 900 companies have been created or reshored to the United States. So, weve gone from a net loss of over 200,000 a year, to a net loss of zero, so huge improvement. Reporter the jobs are in industries as diverse as appliances, autos, and furniture. In june, emerald Home Furnishings, a tacoma, washingtonbased company, moved some of its production from china to this facility in new albany, mississippi. Manager Terry Treadaway says the internet and the need for faster delivery drove emeralds decision to reshore. Ive been in furniture for 34 years. And i have traveled in china, but china today and the china 20 years ago are different. So there are changes coming. And i think, you know, well see more and more jobs move back to the states. Reporter before, a couch could take as long as six weeks to ship from china to a u. S. Customer. From new albany, it can be built and shipped to the customer in seven to 12 days. Mississippi also sweetened the deal. Emerald Home Furnishings received a 1. 3 million incentive from the state of mississippi to open this facility in new albany. In return, they promised to hire 150 new workers over the next three years. When they opened the plant this past june, the company says it received nearly 300 applications for 35 positions. They plan to hire an additional 25 people before the years end. Starting minimum wage is 10 to 12 and up to 16, 17 an hour. The company pays 75 of the employees Health Insurance and 50 of their dependents. We also have 401 k . Reporter in neighboring alabama, hessaire, which makes cooling machines in holly pond, took over this shuttered jeans distributing center in april after they received a tax abatement from the town. President jerry fan purchased the business 11 years ago, at the time when it produced nearly all of its products in china. Fan says his decision to reshore jobs in alabama was influenced by the desire to be closer to his customers and the availability of a more skilled workforce, even if that meant paying higher wages. Part of our manufacturing is that we have to provide a certain level of customer service. And the people working for us, the skill levels, holly pond, we find theyre problem solvers, and theyre motivated. And so those are very important considerations. Reporter Robert Atkinson is among the skeptics of the impact of these recent manufacturing developments. Hes president of the Information Technology and innovation foundation, in washington, d. C. Were not engaged in a renaissance. Were engaged in a partial recovery. What we are in the midst of is, it is not so bad as it used to be. So, yeah manufacturing is growing a little bit, but we lost over a third of our manufacturing jobs in the 2000s. It was decimated. And were running essentially an 800 billion trade deficit. Reporter atkinson says harry mosers model is good, but absent substantial changes in tax, tariff, and trade policies, the u. S. Will not return to it former manufacturing might. Every other countrys putting in place a manufacturing strategy, better tax incentives for investing in research, better tax incentives for investing in machinery, apprenticeship programs for their workers. You know, if we just sort of sit back and think were going to win, win the race by the fact that were americans, well, were not. Weve proven that the cost gap is low enough with china and countries like that, we can bring back hundreds of thousands. So, with some improvements in our terms of trade, in our competitiveness, its reasonable that we will bring back millions. Reporter until that happens, the future of American Manufacturing may well be determined by the efforts already underway in places like new albany, holly pond or adamstown. Would you take, would you make this bet again . At this point, were still in the early stages of climbing this mountain. Our costs are way out of line with where they need to be. And weve mastered some of the quality, but not all of the quality. So, this story ends very happily if this is successful and were making profits and providing for our employeeowners, which is our mission as a company. But it ends very sadly if americas oldest hat maker cant make this happen and be successful and survive. Sreenivasan president obama has decided to quadruple the size of a federal marine preserve around his home state of hawaii. By an executive order issued yesterday, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National monument will become the largest ecological preserve on the planet, encompassing more than 580,000 square miles of land and sea. For more on the area and species that will be protected, im joined by matt rand, director of the Pew Charitable trusts global ocean legacy project. Matt, tell me, why this patch of ocean, what is so special . This is amazing place in the pacific ocean. The northwest Hawaiian Islands where its a very special place over 7,000 marine species, talking about the oweddest living organism on earth. A deep sea coral thats 4,500 years old is found here. Octopus, creatures only in this stretch of ocean up to 90 in certain locations are only found think stretch of the ocean. Then of course all the magnificent fauna that everybody sees in the films like whales around turtles and sharks. The amazing sea bird life as well. Its a spectacular piece of ocean, were so excited that its now been protected. Sreenivasan how do you protect schools of fish from this area that decide to go outside and back in, this is one of the concerns that the fishing industry has had for some time. There are some certain species that definitely go beyond these borders, while theyre in this huge refuge, its a massive refuge, three and half times the size the state of california, these fish have an opportunity to reproduce and grow unmolested they have excellent chance of passing on their genes and repopulating. Sreenivasan put this in perspective of the larger ocean, three times the size of california, put that in perspective for all the ocean thats