Captioning sponsored by Macneil Lehrer productions ifill a new study shows most teenagers who think about, or attempt, suicide have already had some Mental Health treatment. Good evening, im gwen ifill. Brown and im jeffrey brown. On the newshour tonight, we get the latest on the findings coming in the largest study ever of suicidal behavior among adolescents. Ifill then, we turn to todays arguments at the Supreme Court over whether police need waants to order blood tests for suspected drunk drivers. Brown should the number of u. S. Troops in afghanistan fall to zero by the end of next year . Judy woodruff gets two views of that option one the Obama Administration says it may consider. Ifill ray suarez has the story of playful robots given a very Serious Mission helping people with special needs from elderly adults to autistic children. This kind of a tool might be an interesting way to bridge the gap, pull the child, if you will, from the world of objects and the focus on objects over to the world of humans. Brown we update the outbreak of the flu, as the number of cases has surged to record levels in some states. Ifill and we close with a look at the Baseball Hall of fame, which denied entry to three steroidtainted stars today. Ifill thats all ahead on tonights newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by and with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Ifill a major new Study Released today concludes that one in eight American Teens has had suicidal thoughts. One of every 25 has attempted suicide. Those findings come from a survey of nearly 6,500 teens published in the journal jama psychiatry the largest in depth analysis of teens on this subject. More than half of the young people who planned, thought of, or attempted to kill themselves had received at least some treatment. Nearly 1,400 teens between the ages of 13 and 18 took their own life in 2010. For more about the study and some of the issues it raises, we talk to two experts. Doctor timothy linerry is edical director of t may clinic Psychiatric Hospital. And brian daly is a clinical child and adolescent psychologist and professor at Drexel University. Welcome to you both. Dr. Daly, how concerned should we be about these numbers . I think theyre very concerning, gwen. I think some of the data indicates here that once we get them into treatment, with i is where we want them, were not actually being as effective as we want to be suggesting we need formo vigilant working with the youth and were seeing the thghts comi afer trtment whch is st concerning and we know this is a group that is at high risk of dropping out so theres some question about whether i can say the Mental Health professionals are being vigilant in continually assessing suicide al thoughts and attempts and plans for these individuals. Dr. Lineberry as you read this report did you see signs there that gave you new information that you could use to apply to what is driving these numbers . Well, i think this is significant kind of addition in terms of research with the information in the prevalence because this is at hi irrates th it is withdults. As dr. Daly pointed out, i think the issues that we have clinically are how do we identify and treat at risk individuals and children and adolescents at risk for suicide and can we do a better job with clinical treatment. Here is my question, i want to ask you both about that, when you talk about treatment and the interesting thing in the report is these were not the missed people. These were not the missed patients. People knew they were having trouble. They were already in treatment. How is it people already in treatment still get to the point where theyre considering or actually acting on suicidal thoughts . Drlinerry,ou first . You know, as we think about suicide, one of the things to keep in mind is that its not a binary phenomenal where its yes or no, you either are or are not suicidal. So we see changes in terms of how people are thinking about suicide, where theyre acting or planning suicide based on the severity of illness. What me need to look at doing is what are the factors associated in clinical treatment as were going that are either signs of treatment or acting more aggressively asrtivy when a ildor adolescent or rent is reporting there are concerns with worsening system symptoms or the initiation of the thoughts of suicide. One of the things about this study that is remarkable is the degree of thoughts of suicide associated with the temps verses thoughts of suicide and thinking of planning for suicide and subsequent attempts. Dr. Daly i want you to pick up on that point. Were talking about the distinction and stopping people from thinking about it and moving to acting on it . Its a great point that is made, sort of adding on to it. Onething thateroncerned th is that the old conventional thinking used to be if were able to reduce the symptoms of depression that thoughts of suicide and even suicide plans and attempts should also diminish and i think were seeing some new evidence that suggests even though were able to reduce some of these symptoms of depression, it doesnt necessarily mean that thoughts of suicide or suicide plans are going to drop as well. So again, you know, back to my earlier point, it sort of suggested Mental Health professionals need to continue to remain vigilant during treatment that even if we see these teenagers becoming better in terms of their symptoms of preson reducin weneed t continue to check in with them about whether theyre having thoughts, plans, or ideas around suicide. Dr. Daly if its true suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents is this something that has gotten progressively worse and is there any way we can identify why . No, its not something that has gotten progressively worse. We see data suggesting suicide completion is not necessarily rising from epidemiological perspective but its the third leading cause of dath amg teenagerandthis is en within we have them where we want them, which is in intensive treatment. It means we arent always doing the right things to diminish these plans and attempts and certainly from stopping the completions that occur. Dr. Lineberry, of course it strikes us close to home when who he think about young people having these thoughts or taking these actions but how does it compare to adult behavior . Well, i think there are key differences. Getting back to what dr. Daly had said, Research Shows that were making a difference with depresse sptoms and oter syndmes dults that were more likely to see change bess thoughts of suicide or suicidal behavior and that doesnt seem to be the story that were getting from research with children and adolescents so its important to keep in mind that these are two Different Things in terms of tracking. From a prevention standpoint, its critical that we look at what are things in terms of impulsivity because the children and adolescent data is different from impulsive attempts compared to adults so it may speak more to the need for riskprevention strategies, making sure clear plans are in pla for clinicians and for parents and families. And theres a difference between girls and boys, in between who will think about it and who will act as well . There is a difference. With girls we see a higher rate of attempts but if we look at rates of suicide, we see higher rates in boys and males. And so its important for us to also keep in mind that there may be some aspects of this research that are helpful in getting to that group as well. Dr. Daly what do we do about the stigma and the reluctant he reluctance tou about this issue, especially for parents . Its a very difficult issue. The fact of the matter, even counselors that work with these adolescents can be discomforted by working with, you know, a suicidal teenager and so its an issue that needs more national dialogue. Theres certainly been efforts by the southern general to promote a dialogue about this but i think the individuals that work most closely with teenagers including teachers and parents are often uncomfortable with the idea of speaking with them about it and theres a myth in society that if you bng uphe pic of scideitheeners that theyre more likely to act on those impulses, when in fact we know the 0ness is true; that parents, peers and teachers, when they bring up this notion with teenagers, its shows concern and helps to decrease some suicidal ideation. Doctor, are there social or demographic drivers here that people from a certain background or a certain geographic location are more likely to consider this . You know, the Research Study didnt look at number of the social and demogrhic facrs as mch. We do see differences in terms of education so there were some things with the study showing differences with education, with support at home could be a factor with that. Its important to keep in mind there are a number of factors that are not just related to psychiatric illness but stressors, culture, support, support at home, supports with school and those involved with the child or adolescent. Doctor Timothy Lineberry of the mayo clinic Psychiatric Hospital and dr. Daly of Drexel University thank you both so much. Thank you. Brown still to come on the newshour requiring a search warrant for a blood test; reducing troop levels in afghanistan to zero; using robots as therapy; fighting the flu and denying major stars entry to the hall of fame. But first, the other news of the day. Heres hari sreenivasan. Sreenivasan president obama is ready to name a new treasury secretary his own chief of staff, jack lew. It was widely reported today that the announcement will come tomorrow. Lew played a key role in the recent fiscal cliff negotiations with congress, and he previously headed the office of management and dget. If confirm by the sete, lew would replace Timothy Geithner whos stepping down later this month. Labor secretary hilda solis submitted her resignation today, after four years on the job. She made the decision public in an email message. Labor unions have praised solis for aggressively enforcing wage laws and job safety. Business groups have complained she refused to take a more cooperative approach. American International Group will not join a shareholder lawsuit over its federal bailout. A. I. G. s directors said today they were legally oblited to considetaking part, buthey opted against it. The company had faced mounting criticism since news of the suit broke. The 2008 rescue of a. I. G. Cost 182 billion the largest of the financial crisis. All of it was paid back, leaving the u. S. Government with a profit of 22 billion. Vice President Biden called in gun safety organizations and victims groups today, and heard personal stories of gun violence. It was the first in a series of meetings to brainstorm on ways to reduce gun violence. The Vice President was given that responsibility by president obama, after last months Deadly School shooting in connecticut. Were here todayto deal with a problem that quir immediate action, urgent action. And the president and i are determined to take action. This is not an exercise in Photo Opportunities or just getting to ask you all what your opinions are. We are vitally interested in what you have to say. Sreenivasan tomorrow, mr. Biden meets with members of the National Rifle association and other gun owner groups. A Pretrial Hearing ended today in the colorado movie shooting. Prosecutors finished outlining their evidence against james holmes, anthe defense opted not to make a presentation. Holmes allegedly shot and killed 12 people and wounded 58 others at a latenight movie showing in the town of aurora, last july. The judge says he will rule by friday on whether holmes should go to trial. A large Scale Prisoner Exchange has begun in syria. The government said today it will swap more than 2100 civilian prisoners for 48 iranians that rebel forces captured in august. The iranians were greeted in damascus by their ambassador, who called them visitors. The rebels insisted they were fighers,upplied by iran to pporpresident baar a assad. It was unclear how many of the syrian Political Prisoners were freed today. Opposition groups said there are tens of thousands being held. The middle east struggled today with its worst january storm in 30 years. At least a foot of snow fell in jordan, blocking roads in amman and cutting off remote villages. That followed days of heavy rain in lebanon that touched off severe flooding. The rain, wind and nighttime dips below freezing were especially hard on thousands of Syrian Refugees living in tent camps and homemade shelters. In china, the rulg communist party resolved a censorship dispute with an influential newspaper. Staffers with southern weekly in guangzhou said today officials will no longer directly censor content before publication. Other controls will stay in place. Protests erupted after censors rewrote a new years editorial that called for political reform. The Washington National cathedral will begin performing samesex marriages. The cathedral announced the decision today as part of an effort to build a more inclusive community. The 106yearold cathedral is a Spiritual Center for the nation, hosting president ial inauguration services and state funerals. It will be one of the first episcopal congregations to allow gay marriage rites. On wall street today, the Dow Jones Industrial average gained 61 points to close at 13,390. The nasdaq rose 14 points to close above 3,105. Those are some of the days major stories. Now, back to jeff. Brown can a Police Office force a drunk driving suspect to take a blood alcohol test without a warrant . That was the question before the Supreme Court today, in a case involving Fourth Amendment rights. Marcia coyle of the national law joual was in the courtroom and joinss now. Thanks, jeff. Start, as always, with the facts of case. Ok. A Missouri StatePolice Officer stopped tyler mcneily on the highway because he was speeding. The officer discerned that he might be under the influence of alcohol because he had bloodshot eyes, slurred speech, and the odor of alcohol on his breath. All clues, right . Right. Mcneily failed several field sobriety tests. He refused to take a breath test. The ofcer putim the car, arrested him, was going to take him to jail but then decided to take him to a hospital for a bloodalcohol test. Which mr. Mcneily also refused to give consent to. Mr. Mcneily, of course, he had been arrested and charged. He moved in court to suppress the evidence of the bloodalcohol test, which showed that his alcohol level was way above the legal limit. So the legal issue is whether the warrantless blood test violates the Fourth Amendment ght and that is the nreanable seach. Exactly. Warrantless searches are considered unreasonable, unless they fall within an exception to the warrant requirement. And thats what the state of missouri was arguing today. The state of missouri lost his case in the missouri Supreme Court. So theyre appealing. And they were urging the court to adopt a categorical per se rule that Police Officers do not need warrants to do bloodalcohol tests. And missouri argued that it was constitutional because it fell within the exception to the warrant requirement that the court has called exocontingent circumstances. And thats because those circumstances exist when for example the time it would take a get a warrant, it would endanger someones life, or as missouri argued here, theres a risk of destruction of evidence. The Missouri Attorney said, with every minute, alcohol dissipates in the blood, so theres not only a risk that evidence will be dedestroyed but a certainty that any delay will destroy and the argument on the other side is or was toy . Right. Steven shapiro of the aclu represented mr. Mcneily and he said the warrant requirement should not be dispensed with, unless there were specific facts in a case that showed that it was unreasonable to require the warrant. And he looked to a 1966 Supreme Court decision in which the court okd a warrantless bloodalcohol test because in that case there were specific facts. The officer was at the scene of the accident th spec who was suspected of drunken driving had to go to the hospital, it took a while until the officer could get to him and it would have taken too much more time to get a warrant. So how did the justices at a i this all in . What kind of questions, what kind of concerns did they show . It was pretty clear the justices lookedded at a blood draw than a more intrusive search than a breath test. For example chicken George Roberts said it presents an image of someone in the hpital under restraint and the state coming at him with a needle. Because it involves needle. Absolutely. And even Justice Sotomayor pointed out its more obtrusive than a breath test. So the question for missouris lawyer who was arguing for this rule really focused on how impractical is it to get a warrant here . And missouris lawyer said the trouble is not getting a warrant. The police can get the warrant. The trouble is the time it takes. In this case in particular, he said, it would have taken 90 minutes to two hours, and he w b