Factories allegedly producing adulterated milk arresting more than 60 people officials in Madhya Pradesh said the factories were making highly toxic synthetic milk being shown being sold in 6 northern states the products usually include fertilizer bleach and detergent this is one of the biggest seizures of adulterated milk and officials say the entire operation seems to have been well coordinated the food safety and Standards Authority of India says consumption of milk with detergents may cause health hazards President Trump says the Swedish prime minister Stevan lovin has accused has assured him that the Us rapper rapper Asap Rocky has been detained in Stockholm will be treated fairly Sweden replied that his judicial system will act independently Chris Buckley reports Asap Rocky whose real name is Ricky mayor's was arrested earlier this month in Stockholm he was in the city to perform at a concert but was taken into custody along with other members of his own to Raj fall in a fight in the street he has been held in Sweden while prosecutors investigate assault allegations in a post on Twitter Donald Trump said he had told this reddish prime minister Stephan Loven that the American rapper was not a flight risk and even offered to put up some kind of surety to try to secure his release but in a statement the Swedish government said the judicial system was independent and it would not be appropriate for ministers to interfere on the 50th anniversary of the 1st moon landing 3 more astronauts have set off in a Russian capsule to join the International Space Station now says Andrew Morgan Luca Parmitano from the European Space Agency and Alexander sportscar of the Russian space agency boarded the Soyuz m as 13 spacecraft they follow in the footsteps of the 3 men who made history 50 years ago when the eagle module from Apollo 11 landed at the site named Tranquility Base hours later Neil Armstrong made history as he became the 1st person to leave his footprint on the moon. This is Rice University football stadium in Houston the very place in 1962 that President John f. Kennedy chose to make his famous speech rallying a nation to the great challenge of landing people on the surface of the moon before the end of the decade I can imagine the electric atmosphere here that under the searing Texas sunshine with the stands towering above me packed with 40000 expectant Americans and the young president where I am standing now on the 50 yard line at his podium this field and generation and. Founder of the backwash of the coming age of space we mean to be a part of it we need a leader. Without speech set the world on course for the greatest feat of exploration in the history of our species so we thought Rice University was the perfect place to bring together a panel of people who've all played their part in the boldest adventure of all time and it's all. Got in the morgue we children are going to. Be Going to. Do the other thing not because they are easy but because they are. They can go well so organized and now you're the best of our energies and scale because the challenge is that we're willing to accept one willing to I was wrong and one we cannot win. I. Will. To 13 minutes to the moon live in Houston from the b.b.c. World Service I'm Kevin fall and we're Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy is just a few 100 meters from the football stadium where President Kennedy made his famous speech and it's been 50 years to the very day with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landing on the lunar surface we'll be talking about the mentor sevenpence of the 20th of July 1909 as well as the prospects for a return to the moon or perhaps journeys beyond and of the great fortune to be joined by a wonderful panel whose lives have been central to the endeavor of human space exploration Apollo astronauts was a coming I'm a former fighter pilot and member of the very 1st crew to fly into space aboard any Apollo beer called Apollo 7 John arrant Apollo flight controller known as the steely eyed missile man whose quick thinking helped save more than one Apollo mission John looked after the electrical and life support systems of the command module. Gerry Griffin the lead flight director for Apollo's 1215 and 17 and who led the landings for 2 of those missions he later become Center director of the Johnson Space Center here in Houston and off final member of the panel is former astronauts Peggy Whitson the 1st female commander of the International Space Station 665 days Peggy has spent more time in space than any other American astronaut and she earned her doctorate in biochemistry here at Rice University this is our panel thank you. Now we're going to get through tonight and later we're going to be talking about our prospects for over turn to the moon but let's start with that incredible speech made here in September 1960 at Rice and I want to start with you Gerry. And can you remember where you were when you heard that speech where you learned of that speech and what you thought about it. You know I had just gotten out of the Air Force and was trying to find my way to mass because I knew that's where I wanted to be and when I heard President Kennedy say that we were going to do it in the decade of the of the sixty's I thought to myself I don't know about that I'm not sure that's a doable but when I became a part of it we just kept plugging away at it and he was right we made it. I joined our you were living in north Texas at the time about a 1000000 miles away from the space program what are your memories that speech what was your impression of it I was actually further than that because I just graduated from up very small school in a very remote area totally consumed by my studies because I should have been there I didn't have that program to do it so it hardly Richard on me I was living in a cocoon. Try to go far to get to Ted to go to agree that I would want to pursue. The ball you were for it's a pilot the time you are in the Marine Cole. And you heard the speech to school it's ohms as it were to get to the moon for the end of a decade what did you think about what you think the chances were of achieving that well I was for purely practical thinker at the time when I was in the physics and I remember thinking he was overly optimistic because of all of the things that you had to be able to do to go and frankly I think it's one of the most amazing pieces of progress and objectives that we accomplished after announcing events period that big you're forgiven for not remembering the precise detail of the speech because you were told were at the time but as a NASA astronaut you're in the shuttle area you sort least one attempt to reboot lunar ambition that the Vision for Space Exploration of the George w. Bush what do you think it's been so difficult to get us back to the moon in successive presidents is why do you think we haven't been able to see some really engage ourselves in the way that we did with the Project Apollo Well Project Apollo I think had that political will motivating it and in keeping it fresh the whole time plus a considerable amount of the national budget I think since that time we've obviously been somewhat hindered by not being able to spend that much money to try and get a program off the ground and the political whims from different administrations tend to change those priorities over time and in a faster way than we can actually complete a project. And so really know what turns to what was the complexity of Project Apollo and John f. Kennedy launch something that had never been attempted before an endeavor so wide ranging so difficult that it required an entirely new approach so you people on the panel were the people controlling it's monitoring it troubleshooting it when it got it got into problems for some of you trusting your lives to it so I wanted to really start actually with you Jerry and towards you as the flight director you were kind of like the conductor of this orchestra and to ask you what it was that enabled you to build a team of this caliber people like John and many others who were able to orchestrate this complex technology and make it work so they could achieve your mission. I had been a flight controller in Gemini and so when I was selected be a flight director for Apollo it was kind of natural except I didn't play an instrument any more like you say I was the director of the Earth history and you had to listen all the parts and make sure they made the right sound and know when to tone this one down and bring this one up but it was a natural outgrowth I think of early high altitude high speed flight test where our mentor was Chris Craft Chris actually developed. His initial skills at Langley in a high altitude flight and so that's where he started as being an architect of mission intro and I can tell you they made it conscious decision to go out and find some young people Bob Dylan Ruth who was a center director at the time said we want to nuff of the old heads around to kind of keep things calm but we want some young people that. Don't have too many preconceived notions about spaceflight because nobody's ever done it and so we had like to start with their work on their brain So anyway I can tell you in Mission Control it was the way we were wired it was in our d.n.a. That we like the challenge it was I know you see pictures of us we looked pretty serious at times but let me take it was fun in fact it was a hoot. We had a lot of fun. And getting through even the tough phases but but that was the way mission had trouble was in it was a team and it was we were teamed with the astronauts those of us in mission control all of our contractors universities were the 3rd leg of the stool played a big role. As we have often throughout this polka series about the advantages of youth the average age of a flight controller during the Apollo project was 26 I believe on our himself you were 26 during the Apollo 11 landing you returned since directs the space and through the shuttle era host next the. Preserve that sense of youth as as an asset is mission to troll still filled with fresh faced people as it was during the Apollo era there are no longer. Regulations change for one thing at more says Steve to h. Discrimination of either being too young are too ill and. I think the spirit is still the same Exactly and the people in Nassau are really good they are as good today as we were probably better educated. They just need to be given a mission and say Go do it that was what we were told go do it and we did it. We talk here really about the need for teamwork but what every a Celt or Apollo astronaut selection is one of the fierce competition there was between you spice bugs and force pilots were already competitive people just tell me what it was like to try and put aside that sense of competition and to work as a team I guess would have been pushed up the pole Well I have to confess to you we were trying to put aside competition. We were trying to make sure that we can operate and operate decently recognizing that competition but there was a big difference like in the age you know the mission control people were all quite a bit younger back Mercury Gemini Apollo astronauts were the ones that kind of carried us through that the Apollo landings but the average age in our group at that time was probably in the mid thirty's but it went all also up as high as the early forty's with one or 2 of them in for us it was a little bit different because it had taken us to that long in our life to develop the kind of capability and experience as a as fighter pilots so for us we understood that there was a risk there but we also had the kind of confidence that comes rightly or wrongly with crew members in fighter aircraft so. I felt like it was just another place to be able to enjoy the kind of exposure we had to that and some of the people that we had in mission control they were fighter pilots to taken in there to work on the direction of it. As I look back on it now. I just feel fortunate to have lived when I did and be able to join that group. You flew a time when the astral cold looked very different but you don't get to become a NASA rational without having competed in the 1st place tell me about how you balanced the competitive spirit that gets you into the astronaut corps that's the need to be the best team player as you can possibly be once you get well it's it was really important question what when I led the selection board we actually changed the emphasis of the crew members we were looking for we had thousands of applicants that were technically competent and we started looking more for those that got the box checked from their report card that says play well with others and that became a different priority and we we were evaluating that differently because for a long duration missions that had much more of an emphasis for us but yes there was always the competition of thousands of other applicants to get in I think once we were in obviously everyone still wanted to be the 1st in their group to fly but there was much more of a camaraderie and team spirit back in our time while we had that individual attitude that fighter pilot servos fighter pilot there we had in those days we became part of a proof where that was to where there was 3 it was the same as militaries of working together in the same squad or you know the same group of people you were flying with believe me we all have commitment for the total success of those missions and we thought it was probably easier if there was just one of us involved in it because everybody tried to work together thank you wells now our focus for this series has been on the final 13 minutes of descent to the moon which Neil Armstrong himself said was rampant with all knowns and it was the culmination of all the hopes dreams and efforts of a nation over the previous decade so let's just hear some of the mission now about 4 minutes away from landing because it's this Saudia that gave us the idea for the series in the 1st place that sound is unique it can be mistaken for anything else and so we're just going to play you a clip. Ok I'll fly comptrollers gotta go for landing retro I don't go in for all. Surgeons go or go for landing Eagle Houston yourself or landing over. For learning for a 1000. And 12 on our problem alarm but I forgot. Where go. To write on real good Roger. Roger. Or marginal about. Even looking right here go. To the good. Roger 12 miles away copy of. Your file How about you guys you have a go if I don't go. Around or pray for anyone down 33 degrees. 540 . 2 No Pass hole think we're going to because. They only call out from now on will be a few of. Those lost voices were Apollo 11 flight director Gene Kranz and Capcom Charlie cheek just 2 and a half minutes before touchdown. Now I'd like some of our panelists who were actually there that day listening to that all day live in the Mission Operations Control room to put themselves back in the moments Jerry general come to you 1st put us in that read well I was plugged into the flight director console Gene was actually running the the team then for one thing it was very quiet it was very discipline room most of the time anyway but it was extremely quiet that they we had been very close to landing on Apollo 10 and intentionally didn't win but we got down to 47000 feet. 47400 to be exact but at that point we came back up and rendezvous with the mothership in and I came home it was a dress rehearsal and the point I want to make in that is that until that final phase we had done it all but from there on from about 47000 feet on down it was brand new and the tension was there but everybody was ready and it was calm I think confident till they got a little bit squarely on fuel their heat we made a 62nd call and then we made a 32nd and 22nd and about to make a 10 2nd call when he touched down in and shut the engine down and they went back later and calculated they think they had about 17 seconds of fuel remaining. That was by far the closest we got in any of that landing Stu running out of fuel but it was a momentous step but there was still no celebration now yet John Yoo with you plugged in as a flight controller for Apollo 11 monitoring you'll systems What's it like for you and what sounds like a for nes Hc the last few seconds before the landing Well I had the best seat in the house my responsibility was to watch the come in service module which was orbiting the moon 60 miles we were headed and doing just fine and then the drama began there was there were subject Rican CERN's about were going to be along there was the alarms were going off the large were going off at us I got to watch that I knew enough about everybody's position to know what they were working wire they were working on what they were saying what they were doing and then he got down to the real terminal phase and then the concern became fuel it was it was a drama they point out that nothing like in the simulation we had ever had although we had hundreds of simulations of just that phase the touchdown happened there was a sense there were just kind of a hush in a sense coming in that room that was was kind of awkward and then and then there was the reaction almost to start the chairs and then we were reminded we just touchdown we may have to lift back off let's all pay attention to business I got to watch that from the vantage point of not having to suffer the drama to watch it now well for you of course these are not just a crude but your colleagues people you've trained them so your fellow astronauts. What was that like for you listening to their on the loop seeing how much trouble they were almost getting into well those of us that already flown on Apollo but weren't there to do that I think I would suspect that our attitude might have been a little bit different but we were very much aware everybody on the flight crews in those days everybody was aware of the kind of exposure you were at done a lot of simulations I don't know anybody that really can't swear this doesn't mean it's true but that it was overly affected by that doing the simulations but some of the simulations we carried down to the farrier see kind of get used to it but those of us at that time that had flown earlier in it we were there listening to the crew coming down and I we might have been more impacted mentally on it than the crew because the crew was involved in doing it I mean so you had a lot of those things but you don't want to ever get hung up what is going on you have to keep operating. That's a function of personalities I think but in those days when everybody was a. Fighter pilot and have been we've been training for years actually if you get to that point that. We still felt like you're going to push on to what it is. Spite of all of that I was I was very much impressed when they touchdown less than 20 seconds of fuel remaining with the same time it's hard for the public to understand that. Let's say were really ordered by the ground which is what they talk about they would have continued for a little farther they were aware pretty much also. And as long as they felt like they had a control of able to abort they would keep doing it so well I was I was thrilled to death that they had what it took to keep pushing to it thank you Bowles now as we all know also an older landed safely but let's remind ourselves of that moment again. I wonder. Where. We're brave and again. Let's pause there with the Apollo 11 crew safely in one piece on the moon when we come back we'll be looking to the future talking about the possibility of humans returning to the moon and how close that day might be this is 13 minutes to the moon live in Houston from the b.b.c. World Service. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the Us supported by Kronos providing h.r. Solutions for the modern wo