She said, we can do this as the country took in hundreds of thousands of refugees. Our question this week on quadriga, as terror comes to germany, is merkel to blame . We will address that with three people who have been following the situation very closely. Its a pleasure to welcome professor isabella heusercollier, director of the department of psychiatry at berlins leading research hospital, the charite, and she says merkel is not to blame for terror coming to germany, but is to blame for not convincingly explaining her solution. Its a pleasure to have alan posener on the show once again, the british german prominent commentator at die welt. Andays that dictatorsrs islamic terror are to blame for terrorism. Finally, amir musawi of the iraqi tv station aliraquia tv, the author of bureaucracy of terror, in inside look at Islamic State, and he says that merkel needs to be more honest about the fact that germany has to sinfully learn to live with the danger of international terrorism. Welcome to all three of you. Musawi, given the proximity in time of these thrhree attack, it is tempting to lump them together as a wave of terrorism, but how do you see it . Has the country now in fact joined the ranks of your own country, iraq, egypt, turkey, france, belgium, and the u. S. , to name just a few of the targets of i. S. Terror . Amamir indeed. I think germany is now a target of the terrorists, especially of the socalled Islamic State. When you read what they write in the homepage, what we saw from documents, they had a brigade, a german brigade inside i. S. , also trying to recruit people, not only from europe, but middle east from the middle east to win to germany during this microwave, trying to attack merkel. They are really following was going on in the politics inside berlin, and of course they would like to see mass chaos in the countryry. For example, what happened in france, the last time of ththe t ack, it is the quality of attacking in a church. They try to put people against each other, using this mass of people from the middle east, the refugees. Melinda although three of the four attacks involve people who came to germany as refugees, one did not, and in fact that was the deadliest of the attack, namely a young man in munich who actually was propagating hatred against islam, prior to the attack, and apparently had sympathies with rightwing radicals. If you look at these four incidents as a whole, dont the differences s between them, the didistinctions, outweigh any parallels . Has happened, the reasons for what happened are different, but in the end of the analysis, when we look at the countrtry here in germany, we se a lot of problems, social problems. Whether its immigrants, inside immigrant society, or outside. We see also, im looking for some answers about the capability of the security ininside germany. When far away from compared with briritain. Germany is still new at how to face this international terrorism, and its a lot of work to do. Melinda we will come back to the issue of solutions in a moment. Let me ask you this, professor heusercollier. If there is a link between all four incidents, couldnt we say it is Mental Illness . Isabella i dont think it is Mental Illness at all. Mental illness is really, has a certain definition, which they dont actually meet. Melinda two of them were treated in psychiatric hospitals, one as an inpatient over a number of months, who had tried to commit suicide several times, the suicide bomber who isabella yes. But a lot of people who are committing suicide, or threatening suicide, or arare depressed, are not in that sense mentally ill. That you could apply the Mental Illness to their deeds, what theyre doing. They are responsible, because they know, even mentally ill people, there are only very few psychotic schizophrenics, maybe, who dont know what they are doing, actually, and w who cannt differentiate between good and bad, and we know we are not, or we should not, kill somebody. Killinnocent people, people at random just to proclaim, to put some Ideological Foundation to our belief. That is wrong, and even mentally ill people, people who got a psychiatric diagnosis, know howw to differentiate between the two. Hownda alan posener, strong is the element of ideology in the attacks we saw here . If we take the three attacks that were perpetrated by people who had come as refugees. Would you say they are ideologically driven, in the classic sense in which we think of it in terrorist incidents . Alan not in the classic sense. But they are corresponding to a certain tactic we see in many advanced societies. Firstly, the selfradicalization via the internet. Secondly, doing your own thing. Homemade bombs, or in the case of nice, driving a truck into a crowd. We know this from israel. Its interesting, in israel, these selfradicalized became more a part of daily time as organized companym by hamas and has not been able to penetrate israeli security. On the one hand, it might feel difficult to sit next to someone who opens a koran and starts to read, does he have a knife on him and so on, which is what they want, and its terrible, but on the other hand, the fact these are individuals points to the fact that the German Security forces, as far as organized, classical terrorism is concerned, are doing quite a good job. I weda amir musawi, seeing a certain shift in the nature of terrorism itself . As i said, it used to be seen as an ideological act, with a target that t have some e relatn to the cosanan question. Charlie hebdo the cause in question. Shelley hebdo, in france charlie hebdo, in france, which published d extreme the derogaty material about islam. These days, it seems to be more of gratuitous targeting of civilians with no connection whatsoever. Amir this is the point, for Islamic State right now, in implement a new strategy on the ground. Because they are losing ground. And theya, in mosul, are about to lose control of the territory y they got control ovr two years. And they still have the alnusra front. They would like to say, we are losing ground, but we are still there, so they are sending people, inspiring people, and this is what the minister of i. S. , he called every person sympathizing with i. S. To begin a selfoperation, as he called it, saying, if you are e not abe to joinn us, do something in yor home. This is a new quality of the attack, of the danger, that the police cannot come inside the mind of these potential attackers and understand whats going g on in the next two orr three days. This is really something that we still do not know, a dark point. We still have a lot of research about that topic. Melinda the fact is, germany was long spared compared to many european countries, but ththis papast couple of weeks have shon that indeed germany is not immune, as amir musawi told us a moment ago. Isabella heusercollier, what is your impression with how people are coping . The aim of such attacks is clearly to instill fear. Are people afraid . Isabella i think it is working, yes, in the sense that i. S. Wants to install fear and chaos, by addressing not so stable, amybe maybe embittered, maybe these people who always feel they are the short side of life, by addressing them and asking them to do, in the country they are in, their selfoperations. That installs fear, because everything politicians always tell us is that, you know, the security agencies are working, we are going to increase cyber security, and so forth, but that doesnt seem to be actualllly helping in getting these individuals, who are, yeah, these individuals how are we going to detect them . They are not mentally ill, in the sense that they are overtly, you know, that they will draw attention because they are acting crazy. No, they are, you know, sitting there. Melinda interestingly enough, after the first attack by the teenager wielding an axe, nearly two thirds of germans in pauls said they polls said they still felt the government was doing all it can to protect them. The question is whether that has likely changed with the further attacks that followed that one. We asked some people on the street in berlin h how they are feeling after this week of violence. I am not doing anything differently. But it does make me nervous. You feel a bit more suspicious. A bit anxious. There has always been terrorism. We just hear about it much faster, because of social media. I will still live the way i want to. I love liberty, and the country we have had since 1945, and i want to defend that. I feel really sorry for the refugees. Belong,ant to sit, to to have a better life. I think it is stupid, to be so mistrustful. Unfortunately, you do get a bit mistrustful. Actually fairly common optimistic statements there, alan posener. Would you say that is reflective of society as large . Alan its why i love berlin. These are berliners, and its all about the resilience of a big city, which we saw in new york after 9 11, which we saw in london after the attacks, which we have seen in paris. You know, its obviously not the same thing, shall we say, in smaller towns, or in villages, where people are not used to this kind of situation, not used to dealing with foreigners on a daily basis, and dont know actually someone who looks different, who prays in a , is 99. 9 of the time not a danger. This is why you have to love civilization, bigcity civilization. But i am afraid, of course, that there is a groundswell of real anger among people, even in berlin, who feel they could be protected more. Ququite frankly, i dont understand how somebody with an axe can get on board a train in bavaria, or these big words by bavarian politicians and somebody can get on board with an axe . You couldnt in israel. I dont understand how someone could come to a Music Festival without being controlled. Melinda in that case he was turned away by an enhanced police presence, then made his way to a wine bar. He did not get into the Music Festival. Alan good. All the better. These are small things we can do, that we have to do. I dont understand, really, how in munich, again in bavaria, one person could start shooting in a mcdonalds and the police said it was three people with long guns, when anybody who watched the videos could see it was one person with a shotgun, with a pistol. These are things that should not happen. Melinda i want to come to the bavarian politicians in a minute, but lets go to the federal politicians, because our title asks whether merkel is to blame. The chancellor has been on vacation. She has just interrupted it now, to hold a press conference, speak to t the public. Fairly unusual. Usually she keeps her vacations pretty holy. Amir musawi, you listened to some of that. In youour opening statement, she said she needs to be much clearer about the fact germany must learn to live with this risk. Were you satisfied with what you heard from her today . Amir not really. First of all, the timing, from my point of view, from the point she tookk the public, a long t time to react. Is supposed to react after two days, or one day after the attacking. This is first. Second, witith the, with the pot that she said today, i thinknk some of this point is working already. Melinda she said that, in fact. Amir but the new elements, maybe three or four elements, come in, about c cyber attack. I think merkel, as a chancellor, we know her. After talkingtage to everyone, and she will be the last person putting on the stamp of her politics. Whenn this situation, people have heard about whats going on, my daughter, going to kindergarten, they need answers. They are looking for someone, a leader, to put them more feeling of security. Melinda your statement said something similar, isabella heusercollier. You said she needs to be much more direct, much clearer. Did you hear the kind of thing she needed to say in this press conference, or was it too little, too late . Isabella i think it was a little too little, too late, yes. What i missed was actually that she first validated the fear, or m, feelingscoming, u of discontent with the whole situation that the germans seem to be having more and more. Melinda her initial words did address that. She didnt go far enough for you . Isabella she did not go far enough for me. You have to be a little more emotional. Melinda not her hallmark, of course. Isabella shes a politician, at the same time. I think she should have really validated those feelings a bit more. Ae was just taking off laundry list of measures that she claims have been already implemented, months ago. And other measures that should be implemented. I dont know when they w will be implemented. But it was now, just in the last week, that all these things happened. So theres something really disconcerting, because, these things happen, although she said we have everything, everything is being taken care of, dont you worry. Its a bit, i think, paternalistic, or i should say maternal a stick maternalistic. Melinda germanys tabloid newspaper, which normally is not the first to praise the chancellor, said they thought it was quite correct of her, that she attended to project an air of calm by remaining on vacation and not creating alarmism. Government officials who took quite a different approach were those from bavaria. Lets listen to what they had to say this week. Each attack, each act of terror, is one too many. Islamist terrorism has arrived in germany. Expecting rightfully that we boldly meet this challelenge. Melinda that was the state from your of bavaria premier of bavaria, who said terror has come to germany. He said that quite a few times this week. Quite a different approach than the one we heard the chancellor take this morning with her very restrained caution. Isnt he actually just inciting even more fear with those words . Amir , to be honest, i am sorry for the guy, because hes trying to attack merkels politics without any attack or with a attack. Months ago, he tried to bring this fear to the public about in politics of his partner politics, ms. Merkel. Merkel stillbout, has the ability to, to manage his statements. In the end, she is the winner. But in this time, we should prepare for the next election, in one year. And i think this kind of thing is to prepare the ground of his political ground in the public about the next election, and of course, hes afraid of the alternative of deutschland, the far right party that could gain more population in germany. Thats why he is behavingng in this way. I will tell you, he will not succeed in this criticism, because merkel is still able to give answers. Also, they are slight answers, but still they are answers, and the population still trusts merkel. Melinda alan , the measures alan posener, the measures the bavarians want range from stricter monitoring of refugees, quicker deportation of those who have offended, even if it means deportation into active war zones. Deployment of military forces here within the country, if there is a risk of a terrorist incident. Are any of those actually likely to significantly reduce the risk . Alan yes. I think they arere. I think all of them are, actually. They are all good ideas, andnd merkel, in a slightly watereddown version, presented within her laundry list monitoring conversations, especially monitoring whats going on on social media, and so on, some thing that is anathema to the german left, which just has to be done. As for the army, she also said that they would be maneuvers of police and the army together, which is interesting. Nobody asked about that, but it was the main point, the main new point. My personal opinion would be, if we have to use the army, we should use it in your country and syria and so on, to fight isis at the source, and not here. But you know, i am sure that in a situation that we have a major terrorist attack, of course we have to use soldiers, as well as police, simply to control panic and so on. But i prefer to see, one thing that merkel did not say, and that seehofer is not saying, that without destroying isis, really destroying it, and resolving in syria, we will not stop these people coming to germany. Amir to be honest, i would not agree with you about that, because destroying an organization, you need ideology, you need answers. You need just you dont need just bombs and the army. Of course its very important, but you should have an idea, whats going on after i. S . Thats s the big question in ir, because i. S. Began to lose ground. I wonder, what goes on after that . In syria, if you take assad outside, what happens next . This is a question that we should answer with bombs and weapons against them in the battlefield, in mosul , manbij, in raqqaqa, in syria, but it the same time we should work with the concept of after. Melinda many of those who perpetrated incidents in france as well as here are homegrown terrorists. Professor isabella heusercollier, one thing that the chancellor did not mention was Greater Mental Health support, yet we are told that a large proportion of the population of the refugees who came in last year suffer from serious trauma, need help, and as i said, a couple of the perpetrators here at least had been in psychiatric treatment. What do you think . Should there be e greater suppot for Mental Health . Isabella well, there should bee great support for Mental Health, but i do think that germany has done so much, and is still doing, we know this at the charite, my department itself is doing Mental Health work for rerefugees herere in berlin. And not everybody whwho has been throughh this dangerous and lifethreatening situations really then becomes a Mental Health patient. And not everybody who commits suicide, or threaten suicide, realally has a a Mental Health e. So you have to really be very cautious with using these words, and i think it has been done a lot. Melinda let me ask all of you to very briefly answer the question that we posed in our title. The chancellor was very clear in her press conference. Shes not thinking about changing her opendoor policy. Do you think she should . Has it been a mistake . One word. Isabella i think she needs to improve it. Becausee is not able, the constitution, and i think if she would like to change the politics, i think she needs to change the constitution. Alan keep the door open. Fight terrorists. Melinda thank you very much, to all of you, for being with us, and thanks to you all for tuning in. See you soon. Nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnax announcer this is a production of China Central television americica. Walter how w do you inspirere teens to volunteerer . The numbes ararent good. Only a quartrterf americans age 16 and older are making time to volunteteer at leasast once a year, so volunteerism is at a record low in the United States. Thats according to a 2014 u. S. Bureau of labor statistics report. 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