Researchers from the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) three applied energy laboratories—Idaho National Laboratory (INL), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL)—co authored the paper describing such integrated energy systems. Their effort outlines novel concepts to simultaneously leverage diverse energy generators—including renewable, nuclear, and fossil with carbon capture—to provide power, heat, mobility, and other energy services. The historic collaboration between the nation's Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy, and Fossil Energy labs aims to address a grand national challenge from an objective, holistic perspective. "The design of integrated energy systems is a significant challenge—and opportunity," INL director Mark Peters, PhD, said. "The collaboration by the three applied national laboratories, and the setup and operation of real-world experiments at their testing facilities, represents a comprehensive and focused effort that is transparent and objective. This work will help realize future advanced energy systems that should help our nation expand affordable energy options and significantly contribute to wide-scale decarbonization efforts."