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Phase-change memory (PCM) has been considered a promising candidate for solving von Neumann bottlenecks owing to its low latency, non-volatile memory property and high integration density1,2. However, PCMs usually require a large current for the reset process by melting the phase-change material into an amorphous phase, which deteriorates the energy efficiency2–5. Various studies have been conducted to reduce the operation current by minimizing the device dimensions, but this increases the fabrication cost while the reduction of the reset current is limited6,7. Here we show a de...

The advantage of 3D printing—that is, additive manufacturing (AM) of structural materials—has been severely compromised by their disappointing fatigue properties1,2. Commonly, poor fatigue properties appear to result from the presence of microvoids induced by current printing process procedures3,4. Accordingly, the question that we pose is whether the elimination of such microvoids can provide a feasible solution for marked enhancement of the fatigue resistance of void-free AM (Net-AM) alloys. Here we successfully rebuild an approximate void-free AM microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V tita...

Body-centred cubic refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs), with several refractory metal elements as constituents and featuring a yield strength greater than one gigapascal, are promising materials to meet the demands of aggressive structural applications1–6. Their low-to-no tensile ductility at room temperature, however, limits their processability and scaled-up application7–10. Here we present a HfNbTiVAl10 alloy that shows remarkable tensile ductility (roughly 20%) and ultrahigh yield strength (roughly 1,390 megapascals). Notably, these are among the best synerg...

Tapped density can affect the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. This article discusses how measuring tapped density can lead to the development of improved batteries.