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Chinese Academy of Sciences El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. It may lead to extreme weather events across the globe due to its ability to change global atmospheric circulation. Thus, determining how ENSO responds to greenhouse warming is crucial in climate science. However, quantifying and understanding ENSO-related changes in a warmer climate remains challenging due to the complexity of air-sea feedbacks in the tropical Pacific Ocean and to model bias. An international...

Nick Dolding / Getty Images A climate model can now reliably predict the strength of the Asian summer monsoon – and tropical cyclone activity associated with it – more than one year ahead of time, which could enable government agencies to make preparations for damaging weather events. Yuhei Takaya at the Japan Meteorological Agency and his colleagues have developed a climate prediction system that takes into account both historical and up-to-date meteorological measurements to simulate atmospheric changes and temperatures on land and in the ocean. The key to its long-range forecasting is...

Climate change influences the Earth's water balance: Depending on region and season, it can lead to more floods or droughts and also have an impact on...

In the next decade to century, our ability to predict sea level change is limited by our lack of understanding of critical processes at the boundary...

River flow has changed significantly worldwide in recent decades. An international research team led by ETH Zurich has now demonstrated that it is...