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Competition and natural selection drive the size discrepancy of sperm and egg cell In most living animals, egg cells are vastly larger than sperm cells. In humans, for example, a single egg is 10 million times the volume of a sperm cell. In a new study, Northwestern University researchers found that competition and natural selection drove this curious size discrepancy. Using mathematical modeling, the researchers considered a time very early in evolution when primordial species reproduced using external fertilization. In the model, bigger reproductive cells, or gametes, presented a competitiv...

Read Time: In most living animals, egg cells are vastly larger than sperm cells. In humans, for example, a single egg is 10 million times the volume of a sperm cell. In a new study, Northwestern University researchers found that competition and natural selection drove this curious size discrepancy. Using mathematical modeling, the researchers considered a time very early in evolution when primordial species reproduced using external fertilization. In the model, bigger reproductive cells, or gametes, presented a competitive edge because they could hold more nutrients for a potential zygote. ...

 E-Mail In most living animals, egg cells are vastly larger than sperm cells. In humans, for example, a single egg is 10 million times the volume of a sperm cell. In a new study, Northwestern University researchers found that competition and natural selection drove this curious size discrepancy. Using mathematical modeling, the researchers considered a time very early in evolution when primordial species reproduced using external fertilization. In the model, bigger reproductive cells, or gametes, presented a competitive edge because they could hold more nutrients for a potential zygote. Sma...

AI identifies pain levels from patient data A research team led by Northwestern University faculty and alumni has found it’s possible to understand a patient’s pain level by examining data from vital signs. In a new study, the team developed and applied artificial intelligence (AI), or machine-learning, algorithms to physiological data — including respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and oxygen levels — from patients with chronic pain from sickle cell disease. Not only did the researchers’ approach outperform baseline models to estimate subjective pain leve...

Photo Researchers/Science History Images/Alamy AI algorithms can assess the pain that someone with sickle cell disease is experiencing by using just their vital signs. Doing so could ensure people receive the most suitable pain management therapy for their condition. “There’s always a trade-off between giving people sufficient medicine to reduce the pain and giving people too much medication so that they have bad side effects or a higher risk of addiction,” says Daniel Abrams at Northwestern University in Illinois. Advertisement But since pain is subjective, it is difficult to measure i...