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Depression and fatigue are common in people with MS. While fatigue results from MS-related chronic inflammation and neuronal damage, depression is caused by psychological and social factors that may not be directly related to multiple sclerosis. Both depression and fatigue may be managed through mindfulness-based interventions, which are designed to boost mental well-being by purposefully staying present in the moment and acknowledging one’s feelings in an honest but nonjudgmental way. Trait mindfulness is defined as a permanent state of paying attention to the present moment in all aspects...

First-line treatments for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) are often lower-risk DMTs like interferon-beta (IFN-beta, examples include Avonex), and Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate). People generally switch to more highly active therapies, such as Gilenya and Tysabri (natalizumab), if disease activity persists.  Lemtrada was shown in clinical trial to effectively reduce disease activity in treatment-naive patients and in those unresponsive to first-line DMTs. However, data regarding Lemtrada after other DMTs use can be both inconsistent and incomplete, complicating efforts to manage progression. �...

In MS, the immune system targets nerve cell axons that transmit signals from the brain to other parts of the body, leading to inflammation and nerve degeneration. Degeneration in certain nerve layers in the back of the eye appear to correlate with greater brain damage in MS. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of current MS therapies can be examined through their impact on these layers. In this study, researchers at the University of Sydney, in Australia, examined the impact of several approved DMTs on retinal ganglion cell loss in MS patients. To assess retinal nerve cell degeneration, they c...

Proteins called PSGs suppress pro-inflammatory Th17 cells in pregnancy, and might play a protective role against autoimmune diseases like MS.

PPMS and SPMS are disease subtypes grouped under the umbrella of “progressive MS.” However, the two disease forms have distinct development and progression, and can respond differently to treatment. Ibudilast is being developed by MediciNova, under license from Kyorin Pharmaceutical, as a potential oral MS therapy. It has been approved  in Japan to treat asthma and stroke since 1989. Previous results from the SPRINT-MS Phase 2b clinical trial (NCT01982942) in progressive MS patients — 134 with PPMS and 121 with SPMS — showed significant overall reductions in the rate of brain at...