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This study investigates the use of a specially developed P-I-N diode to measure displacement damage in a silicon substrate caused by irradiation from 400 MeV/u 20Ne, 500 MeV/u 40Ar, 290 MeV/u 12C, and 6, 9, 12, 20 MeV electrons. Various energy levels of heavy ions attenuated by PMMA beam degraders were assessed. The study focuses on the forward voltage shift of the P-I-N diode as an indicator of displacement damage in silicon. Comparisons were made with simulated fluences, and the associated particle displacement Kinetic Energy Released per unit Mass (KERMA) to the silicon substrate. The investigation revealed that the long base P-I-N diode's response is directly proportional to displacement damage, exhibiting a long dynamic range and independence from particle type, energy, and Linear Energy Transfer (LET). Applying a calibration factor demonstrated good agreement between simulation and experimental values. Diode fading was also assessed, showing a 20% voltage fade after sever ....
Sustainable human exploration of the Moon will largely rely on in-situ resource utilisation, such as using regolith in habitat construction. This paper investigates the relative effectiveness of a polymer-enriched regolith brick versus a multilayer configuration of bare regolith and successive polyethylene layers as a passive shielding solution, when irradiated with Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) protons. Radiation–matter interactions are simulated with RayXpert® software and the dose equivalent in the ICRU sphere behind a representative habitat wall is calculated. The secondary emission of neutrons and protons from the shielding solution is studied as well. This work provides a quantitative insight into how much polymer is required to achieve a significant improvement in terms of radiation protection when compared to a bare regolith wall. At least 30–50% of polyethylene by mass is required to be added to a regolith mix to achieve a significant advantage in radiation protection capabil ....
Webb Finds Deep Space Alcohol and Chemicals in Newly Forming Planetary universetoday.com - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from universetoday.com Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.