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Public sector wage research has evolved beyond the estimation of public sector wage premiums to investigating the nature of interrelationships between public and private wage patterns. This article seeks to extend this wage leadership research to investigate intra-industry linkages and spillovers between public and private sector wage growth in Education and Health industries, using Australia as a case study. The research employs vector error correction models to encompass tests for full wage adaptability, long-run and short-run wage leadership. Results show that the public sector is the long-...

A fundamental environmental concern that calls for urgent action is limiting carbon emissions globally and lessening the pernicious effects of climate change. Australia aims to cut carbon emissions by 26-28% from 2005 levels by 2030. Carbon pricing can be a powerful market-based economic tool for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. This chapter investigates the influence of different carbon price levels on carbon emissions by first adding different carbon price levels into electricity pricing and then using econometric techniques such as the Autoregressive Distributed Lag ...

This study focused on testing the existence of an apartment price bubble in Hanoi (Vietnam) and on determining the factors that affected it in the period between 2010 and 2021. Using the fundamental factor approach, the authors applied VAR regression using time series data. Specifically, we used the ADF unit test to test the stationarity of the variables based on the following criteria: AIC (Akaike information criterion); LR (likelihood ratio); FPE (final prediction error); HQ (Hanan–Quinn information criterion); and Schwarz (SC) to find the optimal lag (Lag) for the model. We also appli...

Cognitive load recognition is challenging due to the inherent diversity and causality of multivariate physiological changes, with each of its instances having its own style of physiological events and their spatio-temporal causal dependencies. This leads us to define a hybrid model that employs Granger causality (GC) and Gramian angular difference fields (GADF) to discover diverse varieties of multivariate physiological events. In particular, our model introduces a GC network to explicitly characterize the unique temporal causal configurations of a particular cognitive state as a variable numb...

Some argue that crypto assets could be in demand in a high-interest rates/high inflation environment because they could serve as a store of value, however crypto's track record is too short to prove this, S&P said.