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Frontiers | Toward Understanding El Niño Southern-Oscillation's Spatiotemporal Pattern Diversity

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, manifested by the great swings of large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the equatorial central to eastern Pacific oceans, is a major source of interannual global shifts of climate patterns and weather activities. ENSO's SST anomalies exhibit remarkable spatiotemporal pattern diversity (STPD), with their spatial pattern diversity dominated by Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events and their temporal diversity marked by different timescales and intermittency in these types of events. By affecting various Earth system components, ENSO and its STPD yield significant environmental, ecological, economic, and societal impacts over the globe. The basic dynamics of ENSO as a canonical oscillator generated by coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropical Pacific have been largely understood. A minimal simple conceptual model such as the recharge oscillator paradigm provides means fo ....

University Of Hawaii At Manoa , United States , Andrew Wittenberg , Pacific Zhao , Pacific Wang , Jerome Vialard , El Nino , W Cai Hoboken , Sen Zhao , Pacific Ocean , Licheng Geng , Pacific Panel , Iv International Conference On El Ni , R Hagedorn Cambridge University , Preprint Research Square , Us Department Of Energy , American Geophysical Union Monograph Series , Climate American Geophysical Union , Us National Science Foundation , Madden Julian Oscillation , Westerly Wind Bursts , Tropical Instability Waves , Pacific Meridional Modes , Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation , Pacific Decadal Oscillation , Potential Unifying Paradigm ,

Frontiers | The Recent Relationships Between Andean Ice-Core Dust Record and Madeira River Suspended Sediments on the Wet Season

Dust particle studies in ice cores from the tropical Andes provide important information about climate dynamics. We investigated dust concentrations from a 22.7 m ice-core recovered from the Quelccaya Ice Cap (QIC) in 2018, representing 14 years of snow accumulation. The dust seasonality signal was still preserved with homogenization of the record due to surface melting and percolation. Using a microparticle counter, we measured the dust concentration from 2–60 μm and divided the annual dust concentration into three distinct groups: fine particle percentage (FPP, 2−10 μm), coarse particle percentage (CPP, 10−20 μm), and giant particle percentage (GPP, 20−60 μm). Increased dust was associated with the warm stage of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (PDO) after 2013 with significant increases in FPP and a relative decrease in CPP and GPP. There was a positive correlation between PDO and FPP (r = 0.70, p-value < 0.005). CPP and GPP were dominant during the mainly PDO co ....

Madre De Dios , Amazon Basin , Brazil General , Distrito Federal , United States , Rio Grande Do Sul , Bolivian Andes , Bolivia General , Amazon River , Nevado Illimani , La Paz , Rocha Ribeiro , Estado Do Rio , Porto Velho , Cordillera Vilcanota , Cordillera Blanca , Setember November Hurley , Pacific Ocean Perry , Lavado Casimiro , Atlantic Ocean , Andes Perry , Pacific Ocean , Espinoza Villar , August Espinoza , Gutierrez Caloir , Danandeh Mehr ,