Why was the ancient city of Cahokia abandoned? New clues rule out one theory. Glenn Hodges © Photograph by Ira Block, Nat Geo Image Collection Cahokia's central plaza is now part of a 2,200-acre historical site. About a thousand years ago, a city grew in the floodplain known as the American Bottom, just east of what is now St. Louis in Illinois. In a matter of decades, it became the continent’s largest population center north of Mexico, with perhaps 15,000 people in the city proper and twice as many people in surrounding areas. A couple centuries after its birth it went i...