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Recent months have seen a flurry of new activity between the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and states in Central Asia and the South Caucasus. Notably, the July 2023 Jeddah summit allowed these countries to discuss investment, transportation, agriculture, food security, and tourism. The prospects for improved intra-regional cooperation among the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus, facilitated by the tightening links with the Gulf states, have not looked this promising since 1991, when these republics gained their independence.

Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia have been in the spotlight over the past six months, following the March 2023 China-brokered agreement to normalize ties seven years after they were cut off. The connections go back much farther, however. Indeed, as a new archival report on Iranian-Saudi diplomatic history makes clear, they even predate the founding of the current Saudi kingdom in 1932. Below are a series of excerpts from the report, highlighting key themes that emerge from the archives, many of which continue to resonate today.

Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia have been in the spotlight over the past six months, following the March 2023 China-brokered agreement to normalize ties seven years after they were cut off. The connections go back much farther, however. Indeed, as a new archival report on Iranian-Saudi diplomatic history makes clear, they even predate the founding of the current Saudi kingdom in 1932. Below are a series of excerpts from the report, highlighting key themes that emerge from the archives, many of which continue to resonate today.

Read MEI's weekly briefing featuring expert analysis of key regional developments for the week ahead.

Read MEI's weekly briefing featuring expert analysis of key regional developments for the week ahead.