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Of these xoangts of the nih national institute of health have a lot of money to give out, found lots of research with hundreds of millions of dollars if not approaching a billion. mark: who is director national institute of allergy and infectious diseases? >> that is dr. anthony fauci. mark: been there a long time by my calculation what is institute? >> that is leading center in china for studying coronaviruses. and it is in wuhan, and the chief scientist there is called jang lee xi expert on bat viruses. mark: she's been called bat lady. >> actually been collecting bats from caves from southe...

Highest possible infective ties on human cells. is this what she's known to do? >> she's not known just for that but known as a general expert on -- on coronaviruses. mark: i assume if you're making coronaviruses more lethal that there's some level of safety you need to have at these labs you said there are four degrees of safety. designated b sl-4 to bl most resign and designed for deadly pathogen and like ebola virus and we have a new bls and state of redness alarm state department inspectors who visited beijing much of her work aim to function coronavirus, you write, however, was not perfor...

Go through -- some of this so it is understandable to all of us. some of the institutions, some of the names and you can fill it in for us if you don't mind sir so let's begin with identify egg institution and actors. what exactly is the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases in washington, d.c.? >> well that's a bunch of the national institutes of health and it awards grants to scientists in the u.s. and abroad who study matters of interest to allergy and infectious diseases and in particular, it supports research into animal viruses that seem to have the potential of spilling ...

>> ralph barrick is her counterpart in u.s. you might say a distinguished coronavirus researcher. he trained dr. xi in many of his techniques in particularly those for genetically engineering coronaviruses. and he's a leader in his field. mark: going through this and what american people to know so we understand -- the individuals that you write about we understand these institutions and then we can -- draw some more information out about them and what's been taking place here what is gain of function or gof research? >> well, this is anything you do to a virus that increases its pathogensisty...

A jump on virus and jump on gains to do naturally and that would give us a leg up in trying to predict and prevent future pandemics that was the rational for game of function on these viruses. mark: so basically create in a lab more lethal viruses from the original virus. so you can try to figure out what to do it should it become more lethal and jump into human beings? is that about right? >> yes. that's right. with -- one exception is you're not always working with the original virus. you often swapping into it bits and pieces from relative viruses that may be able to do something better or ...