中文撮要： 儘管聯合國《兒童權利公約》第十九條列明「締約國應採取一切適當的立法、行政、社會和教育措施，保護兒童在受父母、法定監護人或其他任何負責照管兒童的人的照料時，不致受到任何形式的身心摧殘、傷害或凌辱，忽視或照料不周，虐待或剝削，包括性侵犯。」，但目前全球只有約60個國家正式立法禁止體罰兒童。尤有甚者，各種為體罰辯護的守舊觀念在多國仍然大行其道。法律和應用倫理學學者Patrick Lenta在2018年出版了《Corporal Punishment: A Philosophical Assessment》的學術書籍，對那些似是而的論點和論據予以駁斥。 不過，Lenta認為應賦予警察或檢察官決定起訴體罰子女的家長與否的酌情權的論點，是整本著作最具爭議性的部分。Lenta指出，在某些情況下，警察或檢察官與曾施予輕微體罰的家長加強溝通後可避免個案中的兒童再受到體罰對待（筆者按：正如球證可先行向犯規的球員作出口頭警告，如他們在場上的行為仍沒改善後才正式出示黃牌或紅牌）。此外，Lenta強調，在部分個案中，把施予輕微體罰的家長送進大牢會令兒童頓時失去照顧者。因此，Lenta聲稱須容許警察或檢察官平衡一系列的因素後才決定是否正式提出起訴。然而，這種進路會衍生執法尺度不一，因而導致部分個案有罪不罰的潛在問題。 Patrick Lenta, Corporal Punishment: A Philosophical Assessment. New York: Routledge, 2018. 239 pp. ISBN 978-1-138-07999-1 (hbk). £110.00. Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child states that children shall be protected by the state ‘from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child’. Yet, despite the convention existing for more than 25 years, there have been numerous mistaken attempts to defend its morality and legality. This is suggested by Patrick Lenta’s “Corporal Punishment: A Philosophical Assessment”, which offers fundamental critiques regarding this issue via cost-benefit analysis and rights-based theories.
Jan. 11, 2021 6:00 am ET TV network group OpenAP is updating its technology to let advertisers see the commercial time that is available from its members, making its system more closely resemble digital ad platforms. The organization, whose members include competitors such as Comcast Corp.’s NBCUniversal, Fox Corp.’s Fox and ViacomCBS Inc., has been working to build a system that automates and improves the antiquated trading process for TV ad buyers and sellers. The latest launch is a supply-side platform, which is software typically used by digital publishers to automate the sale of their ad units. OpenAP’s SSP comes as advertisers look for more efficient ways to buy targeted TV commercials throughout their campaign, and publishers try to peel back ad dollars from digital giants that have gained a greater share of advertisers’ budgets.
OpenAP Debuts New Platform in Expanded TV Advertising Push Consortium s buy-side offering finds first agency partner in Omnicom A new supply-side platform will offer more automation and optimization into TV buying. OpenAP, Omni January 11, 2021 OpenAP, the advanced advertising platform and consortium that pulls together inventory from most major broadcast and cable TV networks, is pushing further into its efforts to unify the TV marketplace with a supply-side platform rolling out this month.
Share this article Share this article NEW YORK, Jan. 11, 2021 /PRNewswire/ OpenAP, the advanced advertising company bringing simplicity and scale to audience-based campaigns in television, today announced the launch of its new supply-side platform (SSP) that provides advertisers access to available linear inventory from TV publishers. The launch delivers on requests from advertisers for more transparency and visibility of the TV marketplace and maximizes investments buyers and sellers have made in data and technology by enabling more sophisticated buying of advanced TV across premium viewing environments. Built on APIs, OpenAP s SSP now provides approved buyside tools the ability to access and retrieve available inventory from across the largest footprint of national TV publishers. Once integrated, buyers log into their existing systems to plan and buy media through an automated workflow using accurate and standardized information on audiences and inventory avails. Buyers build optimized plans by selecting networks and dayparts based on inventory that has been supplied by the sellers, then configure a plan by selecting cross-publisher media using their own optimization processes. Forecasted reach and frequency are provided for plans and resulting orders are sent to participating TV publishers. Each publisher reviews and confirms orders and provides final media plan to the buyer. The integration enables the buying process to take place within a brand or agency s existing system, adding valuable workflow standardization and automation for buyers to control cross-publisher optimization.
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