On January 29, North Korea launched its first intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) since 2017, potentially moving the regime closer to carrying out its recent threat to resume nuclear or intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) testing. Doing so would significantly raise tensions on the Korean Peninsula, trigger calls for enhanced sanctions and allied security measures, and invigorate Japanese debate for acquiring enemy base strike capabilities. The Biden Administration recently sanctioned a handful of North Korean entities but should more strongly implement long-stalled U.S.