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Illustration of a new optical system to miniaturize the laser cooling of atoms, a key step towards cooling atoms on a microchip. A beam of laser light is launched from a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), aided by an element called an extreme mode converter (EMC) that greatly expands the beam. The beam then strikes a carefully engineered, ultrathin film known as a metasurface (MS), which is studded with tiny pillars that further expand and shape the beam. The beam is diffracted from a grating chip to form multiple overlapping laser beams inside a vacuum chamber. The combination of laser beams and a magnetic field efficiently cools and traps a large collection of gaseous atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). ....

United States , College Park , University Of Maryland , Bill Phillips , Darona Westly , Stephen Eckel , Wenqi Zhu , Vladimira Aksyuk , Nikolai Klimov , Alexander Yulaev , William Mcgehee , Jabez Mcclelland , Amit Agrawal , Daniel Barker , Quantum Institute , National Institute Of Standards , University Of Maryland Institute For Research , National Institute , Joint Quantum Institute , Applied Physics , New Journal , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , கல்லூரி பூங்கா , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் மேரிலாந்து , ர சி து பிலிப்ஸ் , ஸ்டீபன் எக்கேள் ,