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Since the Tiananmen Square killings it has become fashionable within the Chinese leadership to refer to dissident intellectuals as “scum.” That was Mao’s view, too. In 1942, the chairman, his armies besieged by both Chiang Kai-shek and the Japanese army, took time off for zheng-feng, or rectification movement, in which he laid down rules for “unclean” Chinese authors. ....

Lao Kang , New York , United States , Wang Meng , South Korea , Tiananmen Square , Ding Ling , Ouyang Duanli , William Jenner Hong Kong , Zhang Chengzhi , Sophia Mao , Wei Jingsheng , David Levine , Wang Zhen , Deng Xiaoping , Tani Barlow , Gabriel Garc , Bette Bao Lord , Fang Lizhi , Zhaxi Dawa , Howard Goldblatt , Perry Link , Wang Anyi , Mao Tse Tung , Lu Xun , Gregor Benton ,