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Abstract
Chimpanzees act cooperatively in the wild, but whether they afford benefits to others, and whether their tendency to act prosocially varies across communities, is unclear. Here, we show that chimpanzees from neighboring communities provide valuable resources to group members at personal cost, and that the magnitude of their prosocial behavior is group specific. Provided with a resource-donation experiment allowing free (partner) choice, we observed an increase in prosocial acts across the study period in most of the chimpanzees. When group members could profit (test condition), chimpanzees provided resources more frequently and for longer durations than when their acts produced inaccessible resources (control condition). Strikingly, chimpanzees’ prosocial behavior was group specific, with more socially tolerant groups acting more prosocially. We conclude that chimpanzees may purposely behave prosocially toward group members, and that the notion of group-specific soc ....

North Western , Chimfunshi Research Advisory Board , Max Planck Institute For Psycholinguistics , Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage , Research Foundation Flanders , European Research Council , Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage Trust , Supplementary Materials , Project Area , Pushing Duration , Fountain Zone , Post Pushing Approach , Sucking Fountain , Drinking Spoils , Post Pushing Approaches , Egoistically Motivated , Microsoft Excel , Language Archive , Max Planck Institute , Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial , Postdoctoral Fellowship , European Research Council Synergy Grant , காப்பர் பெல்ட் , வடக்கு மேற்கு , ஆராய்ச்சி அடித்தளம் ஃப்ல்யாஂட்ஸ் , ஐரோப்பிய ஆராய்ச்சி சபை ,