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Pakistan’s Political Parties: Surviving Between Dictatorship and Democracy is a good addition to Pakistan’s corpus of literature on political science, even if it does not specifically incorporate a perspective on the country’s political economy. The book’s 14 chapters are separated into three broad areas: form, function and survival. ‘Form’ discusses the party system, with chapters on the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI), Muttaheda Qaumi Movement (MQM) and leftist and religious parties. ‘Function’ analyses how t...

Lahore University of Management Sciences "Immunization interactions between parents and frontline bureaucrats are shaped by the former's perceptions of the state and its representatives. Based on public beliefs and past experience, many perceive them to be untrustworthy or unreliable..." Pakistan is one of two countries where wild polio is still endemic and is ranked third for un- or under-immunised children. Why is this the case, when considerable donor and government funds have been spent on Pakistan's Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI)? One factor is that, unlike antibiotics or other...