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A genetic variant of TMPRSS2 may confer protection against severe COVID-19 Among a large sample of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, researchers found that a genetic variant – caused by an amino acid substitution from valine to methionine – is associated with a reduced chance of severe disease. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, can have a diverse range of effects on people. Some people develop no symptoms; some have mild fever, sore throat, among other symptoms; whereas in others, the infection becomes...

Researchers identify human BCAS3 and C16orf70 as novel autophagic proteins Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process of cytosolic materials and damaged organelles. Researchers at Ubiquitin Project of TMIMS have been studying the molecular mechanism of mitophagy, the selective autophagy process to eliminate damaged mitochondria. PINK1 (a serine/threonine kinase) and Parkin (a ubiquitin ligating enzyme: E3) work together to ubiquitylate the outer membrane proteins of damaged mitochondria, then ubiquitin chains are recognized as signals for autophagy degradation. Dysfunction of mitophagy...

The Role of D-Amino Acids in Humans Thought LeadersDaniel W. ArmstrongWelch Distinguished Professor, Dept. Chemistry In this interview, Dr. Daniel Armstrong from the University of Texas at Arlington talks to News-Medical Life Sciences about his upcoming Pittcon presentation. Could you start by telling us what D-amino acids are and what role they have in a healthy human body? All living systems are made up of L-amino acids –  we will call them left-handed amino acids - and D-amino acids are a mirror image of these. We will call those the right-handed amino acids. As with your right and lef...

Study explores individual differences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ACE2-expressing stem cells The clinical phenotype of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is remarkable for its wide range of severity among individual patients. Genetic variations are known to mediate part of these differences. To examine these differences, researchers in a new study used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from different genetically diverse individuals. These cells are used to model genetic disease since they contain the donor...

Corticosteroid receptor inhibitor shows anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vivo Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 112 million people and has been responsible for over 2.48 million deaths. While vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being administered globally, treatment options for those infected are still limited. A team of researchers examined PT150, which is an allosteric modulator of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors, to assess whether it had any antiviral ac...