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Since 1955, the Sakurajima volcano has experienced repeated Vulcanian eruptions accompanied by intense air-shocks, large ash clouds, and deflation ground deformations. However, ground deflations sometimes occurred even if no eruption took place. In this study, we categorize deflation events contained in continuous deformation records covering eruptive activities at the Sakurajima volcano Minamidake crater during the period from November 2017 to December 2020. The deflation events are classified into eruptive deflation and non-eruptive deflation (NED) types by examining the seismic data, infrasound generations, and visual phenomena. Their event type occurrence characteristics are then further clarified based on their relationships to pressure source volume changes. Comparing the pressure source volume changes with the monthly mass of volcanic ash expelled from the crater, which is estimated from deposition data around the volcano, we found the contribution of NED events to volcanic ash ....
The Helan Shan is located on the front edge of the expanding Tibetan Plateau. However, how the topography here responds to this propagation and its precise time constraints remains unknown. Based on the response process of fluvial landforms and tectonic evolution, we conducted a quantitative landform analysis of the Helan Shan region. Here, the spatial distribution features of various geomorphic indices were coupled, demonstrating that the mountain is tilting toward the west and north. The steeper downstream and gentle upper reaches indicate that the fluvial landforms have experienced an accelerated incision event, which can be attributed to the tectonic activity along the East Helan Shan Fault. Furthermore, the response time of the tectonic knickpoints ranges from 0.1¬–1.4 Ma based on the paleochannel reconstruction method. Combined with previous studies on low temperature thermochronology and active tectonics, we propose a tectonic transformation model where the Helan Shan shi ....