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Does cold wildfire smoke contribute to water repellent soils in burned areas?

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IMAGE: Jeffrey pine needles and branches burn inside of the combustion chamber at DRI during a new study that investigated the effects of smoke and heat on water repellency of sand.
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Credit: Vera Samburova/DRI.
Reno, Nev. (May 25, 2021) - After a wildfire, soils in burned areas often become water repellent, leading to increased erosion and flooding after rainfall events - a phenomenon that many scientists have attributed to smoke and heat-induced changes in soil chemistry. But this post-fire water repellency may also be caused by wildfire smoke in the absence of heat, according to a new paper from the Desert Research Institute (DRI) in Nevada. ....

United States , Desert Research Institute , Teamrat Ghezzehei , Vera Samburova , Andrey Khlystov , Markus Berli , Hans Moosm , Rose Shillito , University Of California , A Pilot Laboratory Study , Research Professor Of Atmospheric Science Vera Samburova , National Science Foundation , Us Army Corps Of Engineers , Research Professor , Atmospheric Science Vera Samburova , National Science , Biomass Burning Emissions , Soil Water Repellency , Pilot Laboratory Study , Atmospheric Science , Atmospheric Chemistry , Temperature Dependent Phenomena , Chemistry Physics Materials Sciences , Earth Science , Geology Soil , Hydrology Water Resources ,

Researchers identify the causes of the extreme drought that affected the Pantanal

published in the journal Frontiers in Water.
“The recent drought in the Pantanal was caused by a meteorological phenomenon we call atmospheric blocking. A high-pressure area prevented the formation of rainclouds throughout the central-western portion of South America. Temperatures were very high and relative humidity very low,”
José Marengo, a researcher at CEMADEN and principal investigator for the study, told
Agência FAPESP.
“Lack of rain combined with high temperatures and very low humidity led to a heightened risk of fire, which extended to agricultural areas as well as natural parts of the biome.”
Deliberate burning of vegetation to clear land for cattle ranching contributed to the spread of wildfires throughout the region, and these were harder to control owing to the long period of drought. “Fires caused on one hand by warmer air and lack of rain in the Pantanal, and on the other by the burning of areas to clear the vegetation for cattle to ....

Czech Republic , Estado De Mato Grosso , United States , Camila Miranda Michelin , Karinner Deusdar , Josea Marengo , Fabiani Bender , Elisangela Broedel , Luz Adriana Cuartas , Marcosl Kazmierczak , Eltonk Almeida , Rodrigoc Silva , Marceloe Seluchi , National Space Research Institute , Paulo State University , Research Program On Global Climate Change , Early Warning Center , Mato Grosso , Natural Disaster Surveillance , Research Program , Global Climate Change , Paraguay River , North Atlantic , Brazilian Pantanal , Eleazar Chuch , Nelson Pedro Ant ,

Earth's vegetation is changing faster today than it has over the last 18,000 years

Credit: Jack Williams.
MADISON - A global survey of fossil pollen has discovered that the planet s vegetation is changing at least as quickly today as it did when the last ice sheets retreated around 10,000 years ago.
Beginning some 3,000-to-4,000 years ago, Earth s plant communities began changing at an accelerating pace. Today, this pace rivals or exceeds the rapid turnover that took place as plants raced to colonize formerly frozen landscapes and adapt to a global climate that warmed by about 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
The research, published May 20 in
Science, suggests that humanity s dominant influence on ecosystems that is so visible today has its origin in the earliest civilizations and the rise of agriculture, deforestation and other ways our species has influenced the landscape. ....

Eric Hamilton , Jack Williams , University Of Wisconsin , University Of Bergen , National Science Foundation , Neotoma Paleoecology Database , North American , Plant Sciences , Atmospheric Science , Climate Science , Temperature Dependent Phenomena , Plant Sciences , Earth Science , Climate Change , எரிக் ஹாமில்டன் , பலா வில்லியம்ஸ் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் விஸ்கான்சின் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் பெர்கன் , தேசிய அறிவியல் அடித்தளம் , வடக்கு அமெரிக்கன் , ஆலை அறிவியல் ,

The when and why of foehn warming in northwestern Japan

Foehns warm, dry, downslope winds descending the lee side of mountain slopes cause hazardous hot weather in parts of Japan. A new University of Tsukuba study presents the first comprehensive climatological analysis of Japan s south foehns on the Toyama Plain. Most foehns were caused by a dynamical mechanism and occurred while an extratropical cyclone was over the Sea of Japan, although some occurred with an anticyclone over Japan, and hazardous high-temperature foehns occurred with typhoons near Japan. ....

United States , Toyama Plain , Japan General , Hiroyuki Kusaka , International Journal Of Climatology , University Of Tsukuba , European Alps , Rocky Mountains , International Journal , Backbone Mountain Range , Professor Hiroyuki Kusaka , Professor Kusaka , Atmospheric Science , Climate Science , Temperature Dependent Phenomena , Weather Storms , Climate Change , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , ஜப்பான் ஜநரல் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் ட்சூகுபா , ஐரோப்பிய ஆல்ப்ஸ் , பாறை மலைகள் , சர்வதேச இதழ் , வளிமண்டலம் அறிவியல் ,

Greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions are lengthening and intensifying droughts

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IMAGE: Droughts, such as the one impacting Devil s Punchbowl on the northern slope of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County, have increased in duration and severity over the past.
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Credit: Amir AghaKouchak / UCI
Irvine, Calif., May 17, 2021 Greenhouse gases and aerosol pollution emitted by human activities are responsible for increases in the frequency, intensity and duration of droughts around the world, according to researchers at the University of California, Irvine.
In a study published recently in
Nature Communications, scientists in UCI s Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering showed that over the past century, the likelihood of stronger and more long-lasting dry spells grew in the Americas, the Mediterranean, western and southern Africa and eastern Asia. ....

New York , United States , Los Angeles County , Orange County , Howard Gillman , Felicia Chiang , Amir Aghakouchak , Omid Mazdiyasni , University Of California , Nature Communications , Los Angeles County Department Of Public Works , Department Of Civil Environmental Engineering , Us Department Of Energy , Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office , Goddard Institute For Space , National Oceanic , Association Of American Universities , Environmental Engineering , Space Studies , Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase , South America , Central America , Northern Hemisphere , Los Angeles County Department , Public Works , Atmospheric Administration ,