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We can directly and conformally coat this material onto silicon wafers and different electronic devices

Coral is considered a complex holobiont, harboring a range of life forms at various scales. This includes zooxanthellae, coral cells, and linked bacteria, viruses, and archaea.

 E-Mail Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are now known to negatively control plasmid replication, according to Thomas Wood, Biotechnology Endowed Chair and professor of chemical engineering in the Penn State College of Engineering. Plasmids, or extra-chromosomal bits of DNA, allow bacteria to evade antibiotics, making the antibiotics ineffective in halting a bacterial infection. The presence or absence of plasmids impacts a bacterium's resistance to antibiotics and its ability to cause infection -- important points related to fighting bacterial infections, according to Wood. "Each year, th...