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Fruit flies and mosquitos are 'brainier' than most people suspect, say scientists


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IMAGE: (Left) Whole brain of a fruit fly. (Right) Nuclei of neurons in fruit fly brain tissue.
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Credit: Joshua Raji and Christopher Potter, Johns Hopkins Medicine.
In research made possible when COVID-19 sidelined other research projects, scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine meticulously counted brain cells in fruit flies and three species of mosquitos, revealing a number that would surprise many people outside the science world.
The insects tiny brains, on average, have about 200,000 neurons and other cells, they say. By comparison, a human brain has 86 billion neurons, and a rodent brain contains about 12 billion. The figure probably represents a floor for the number needed to perform the bugs complex behaviors. ....

Christopher Potter , Joshua Raji , Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute , Department Of Defense , National Institutes Of Health , Johns Hopkins University School Of Medicine , Johns Hopkins Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School , National Institutes , கிறிஸ்டோபர் பாடர் , ஜான்ஸ் ஹாப்கின்ஸ் மலேரியா ஆராய்ச்சி நிறுவனம் , துறை ஆஃப் பாதுகாப்பு , தேசிய நிறுவனங்கள் ஆஃப் ஆரோக்கியம் , ஜான்ஸ் ஹாப்கின்ஸ் பல்கலைக்கழகம் பள்ளி ஆஃப் மருந்து , ஜான்ஸ் ஹாப்கின்ஸ் மருந்து , ஜான்ஸ் ஹாப்கின்ஸ் பல்கலைக்கழகம் பள்ளி , தேசிய நிறுவனங்கள் ,

Ingredient in common weed killer impairs insect immune systems, study suggests


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The chemical compound glyphosate, the world s most widely used herbicide, can weaken the immune systems of insects, suggests a study from researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Round Up™, a popular U.S. brand of weed killer products.
The researchers investigated the effects of glyphosate on two evolutionarily distant insects, Galleria mellonella, the greater wax moth, and Anopheles gambiae, a mosquito that is an important transmitter of malaria to humans in Africa. They found that glyphosate inhibits the production of melanin, which insects often use as part of their immune defenses against bacteria and parasites; it thereby reduces the resistance of these species to infection by common pathogens. ....

Nichole Broderick , Daniel Smith , George Dimopoulos , Arturo Casadevall , Raviraj Thakur , Emma Camacho , Yuemei Dong , Alexander Barron , Bloomberg School , Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute , National Institutes Of Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Of Public Health , National Institutes Of Allergy , Department Of Molecular Microbiology , Department Of Biology At Johns Hopkins University , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School , Jill Sommer Professor , Molecular Microbiology , Johns Hopkins , Bloomberg Distinguished , Inhibits Melanization , Increases Susceptibility , National Institutes , Infectious Disease , Medicine Health , Environmental Health ,