A big barrier for independent repairers, according to Muradian, is the serialisation of components within Apple’s latest release, the iPhone 12.
Put simply: if a part of the latest iPhone, like the camera, stops working, it can’t be replaced with an identical, working camera. The only camera that will work is the one that came with your phone. If you try to replace it, it will lose its full functionality. Replace the camera, and you won’t be able to use portrait mode. Replace the battery, and you won’t be able to review what percentage it’s charged. Replace the home button, and you won’t be able to to use it to navigate the phone.