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Thalamocortical Synapses: Like a clock in the rabbit's visual cortex


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A) Schematic of the experiments performed by Bereshpolova et al.: a single cell in the LGN of the thalamus (orange) is recorded simultaneously with a single cell (blue) in layer 4 (L4) of the primary visual cortex (V1) during a visual response. The activity across cortical layers is also measured with another electrode (grey, CSD). (
B) Bereshpolova et al. found that three rules regulate the connectivity between a neuron in the LGN and an inhibitory neuron in L4: their receptive fields (shown here by an orange circle and a blue square respectively) must overlap; the termination of the LGN neuron’s axon (a location estimated by the peak in the CSD signal, grey line) must be located near the cortical neuron (small blue circle); and the delay between the firing of the thalamic and cortical neurons must be less than three milliseconds. All three conditions are met in the top left panel, so a connection is established. Only two of the three conditions are met in the other t ....

New York , United States , Yulia Bereshpolova , Harvey Swadlow , Jose Manuel Alonso , University Of New York College Optometry , University Of Connecticut , Xiajuan Hei , State University , New York College , புதியது யார்க் , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , ஜோசே மானுவல் அலோன்சோ , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் புதியது யார்க் கல்லூரி ஆப்டோமெட்ரி , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் கனெக்டிகட் , நிலை பல்கலைக்கழகம் , புதியது யார்க் கல்லூரி ,

Reading Outdoors Is Better for Your Eye Health


Credit:
Liam Norris / Getty
Whether you opt to leaf through a good book in a park or next to the pool, getting outside to read in general can actually do wonders for your eyes. According to the
Daily Mail, a new study from State University of New York College of Optometry researchers explained that reading a hardcover book in the great outdoors enhances light contrast levels, which means you re able to see letters on each page more clearly.
The amount of light is continuously changing in our visual world. Our work demonstrates image brightness changes our sensitivity to light and dark contrast to efficiently extract information from natural scenes, Dr. Hamed Rahimi-Nasrabadi, the study s lead, said. Findings from the investigation conclude you can now feel good when you decide to read your favorite book outdoors. You can say it is scientifically proven visual contrast increases outdoo ....

New York , United States , Norris Getty , Nashia Baker , Hamed Rahimi Nasrabadi , University Of New York College Optometry , Science Says Reading Outside Is Better , New York College , Liam Norris , State University , புதியது யார்க் , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , நோரிஸ் கெட்டி , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் புதியது யார்க் கல்லூரி ஆப்டோமெட்ரி , அறிவியல் என்கிறார் ரீடிஂக் ஔட்‌ஸைட் இருக்கிறது சிறந்தது , புதியது யார்க் கல்லூரி , லியாம் நோரிஸ் , நிலை பல்கலைக்கழகம் ,

The benefits of reading outdoors


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VIDEO: New research demonstrates how bright light stimulates your visual brain more effectively and helps your eyesight.
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Credit: Hamed Rahimi-Nasrabadi, PhD, Department of Biological and Visual Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry.
Contrast is a sensory property that makes stimuli stand out. Writers, designers, and musicians all use contrast to emphasize striking differences in text, visual displays and melodies. In vision, luminance contrast describes the difference in light intensity between a stimulus and its surround.
It is what makes a dark letter easier to read than a gray letter in a white page. Vision research has operated for decades under the assumption that luminance contrast does not change with light intensity. That is, a dark letter in a white page is assumed to have the same contrast outdoors (under the brightest light) than indoors (under the dimmest light). Such contrast constancy seemed ....

New York , United States , Jose Manuel Alonso , Hamed Rahimi Nasrabadi , University Of New York College Optometry , New York College , State University , புதியது யார்க் , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , ஜோசே மானுவல் அலோன்சோ , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் புதியது யார்க் கல்லூரி ஆப்டோமெட்ரி , புதியது யார்க் கல்லூரி , நிலை பல்கலைக்கழகம் ,