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Using cosmic-ray neutron bursts to understand gamma-ray bursts from lightning


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IMAGE: A lightning mapper at the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Cosmic Ray Observatory in Mexico unexpectedly observed that gamma rays produce more neutrons than previously known.
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Credit: Jordan Goodman, HAWC Collaboration (NSF.gov)
LOS ALAMOS, N.M., April 28, 2021 Analysis of data from a lightning mapper and a small, hand-held radiation detector has unexpectedly shed light on what a gamma-ray burst from lightning might look like - by observing neutrons generated from soil by very large cosmic-ray showers. The work took place at the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Cosmic Ray Observatory in Mexico.
This was an accidental discovery, said Greg Bowers, a scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and lead author of the study published in ....

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New Method Measures Super-Fast, Free Electron Laser Pulses


New Method Measures Super-Fast, Free Electron Laser Pulses
Using photoionization as an ultrafast, optical shutter, slow visible-light cameras can measure femtosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulses
New research shows how to measure the super-short bursts of high-frequency light emitted from free electron lasers (FELs). By using the light-induced ionization itself to create a femtosecond optical shutter, the technique encodes the electric field of the FEL pulse in a visible light pulse so that it can be measured with a standard, slow, visible-light camera.
“This work has the potential to lead to a new online diagnostic for FELs, where the exact pulse shape of each light pulse can be determined. That information can help both the end-user and the accelerator scientists,” said Pamela Bowlan, Los Alamos National Laboratory’s lead researcher on the project. The paper was published April 12, 2021 in Optica. “This work also paves the way for measuring x-ray pulses or ....

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New AI tool tracks evolution of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on social media


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New AI tool tracks evolution of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on social media
LOS ALAMOS, N.M., April 19, 2021 A new machine-learning program accurately identifies COVID-19-related conspiracy theories on social media and models how they evolved over time a tool that could someday help public health officials combat misinformation online.
“A lot of machine-learning studies related to misinformation on social media focus on identifying different kinds of conspiracy theories,” said Courtney Shelley, a postdoctoral researcher in the Information Systems and Modeling Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory and co-author of the study that was published last week in the Journal of Medical Internet Research. ....

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Simulations reveal how dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain binds to host, succumbs to antibodies


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Simulations reveal how dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain binds to host, succumbs to antibodies
LOS ALAMOS, N.M., April 16, 2021 Large-scale supercomputer simulations at the atomic level show that the dominant G form variant of the COVID-19-causing virus is more infectious partly because of its greater ability to readily bind to its target host receptor in the body, compared to other variants. These research results from a Los Alamos National Laboratory–led team illuminate the mechanism of both infection by the G form and antibody resistance against it, which could help in future vaccine development.
“We found that the interactions among the basic building blocks of the Spike protein become more symmetrical in the G form, and that gives it more opportunities to bind to the receptors in the host in us,” said Gnana Gnanakaran, corresponding author of the paper published today in Science Advances. “But at the same time, that means antibodies can more easily ne ....

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