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A monumental particle accelerator in the Cygnus Cocoon

At the heart of Cygnus, one of the most beautiful constellations of the summer sky, beats a source of high-energy cosmic ray particles: the Cygnus Cocoon. An international group of scientists at the HAWC observatory has gathered evidence that this vast astronomical structure is the most powerful of our galaxy s natural particle accelerators known of up to now. ....

Marian Smoluchowski Krak , Sabrina Casanova , National Research Centre , Research Consortium , European Commission , Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Academy Of Sciences , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Cyclotron Centre Bronowice , Hr Excellence In Research , High Altitude Water Cherenkov , Mexican Sierra Negra , Northern Hemisphere , Cygnus Cocoon , Nuclear Physics , Polish Academy , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute , Central Europe , Leading National Research Centre , Chemistry Physics Materials Sciences , Atomic Molecular Particle Physics , Space Planetary Science , Stars The Sun , Particle Physics , சப்ரினா காஸநோவா , தேசிய ஆராய்ச்சி மையம் ,

HAWC Gamma Ray Observatory discovers origin of highest-energy cosmic rays in the galaxy

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IMAGE: An infrared image of the dust clouds in the Cocoon region taken with the Spitzers Space Telescope s IR photometer. The HAWC TeV gamma-ray excess (color from green to yellow to.
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Credit: TeV: Binita Hona (HAWC Collaboration), IR: Hora et. al, Spitzer s Growing Legacy, ASP Conference Series, 2010, P. Ogle, ed.
LOS ALAMOS, N.M., March 11, 2021 A long-time question in astrophysics appears to finally be answered, thanks to a collection of large, high-tech water tanks on a mountainside in Mexico. The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) data shows that the highest-energy cosmic rays come not from supernovae, but from star clusters. ....

United States , Los Alamos , Patrick Harding , Henrike Fleischhack , Binita Hona , Sabrina Casanova , Petra Huentemeyer , Kelly Malone , Dezhi Huang , Galactic Science Working Group , Science Centre , Roger Blandford At Stanford University , University Of Utah , National Science Foundation , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Regents Of The University California , Battelle Memorial Institute , University Of Wisconsin , Texasam University System , Department Of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration , Michigan Technological University , Catholic University , High Altitude Water Cherenkov , Cygnus Cocoon , Nature Astronomy , Nuclear Physics Polish Academy ,

How the habitability of exoplanets is influenced by their rocks

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IMAGE: Weathering of silicate rocks is part of the so-called carbon cycle that maintains a temperate climate on Earth over long periods of time.
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Credit: © Universität Bern / University of Bern, Illustration: Jenny Leibundgut
The conditions on Earth are ideal for life. Most places on our planet are neither too hot nor too cold and offer liquid water. These and other requirements for life, however, delicately depend on the right composition of the atmosphere. Too little or too much of certain gases - like carbon dioxide - and Earth could become a ball of ice or turn into a pressure cooker. When scientists look for potentially habitable planets, a key component is therefore their atmosphere. ....

United States , Johannes Geiss , Kaustubh Hakim , Buzz Aldrin , Kevin Heng , Swiss National Fund , Planetary Sciences , Physics Institute Of The University Bern , Centre For Space , University Of Geneva , University Of Bern , Department Of Space Research , University Of Bern The National Center , Planetary Science , Solar System , Bernoulli Fellowships , Bernese Solar Wind Composition , Physics Institute , Space Research , National Center , Space Planetary Science , Planets Moons , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , கோஸ்தூப் ஹக்கீம் , புழ்ழ் ஆல்ட்ரின் , கெவின் ஹெங் ,

Distant planet may be on its second atmosphere, NASA's Hubble finds

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IMAGE: This is an artist s impression of the Earth-sized, rocky exoplanet GJ 1132 b, located 41 light-years away around a red dwarf star. Scientists using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have found.
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Credit: Credits: NASA, ESA, and R. Hurt (IPAC/Caltech)
Scientists using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have found evidence that a planet orbiting a distant star may have lost its atmosphere but gained a second one through volcanic activity.
The planet, GJ 1132 b, is hypothesized to have begun as a gaseous world with a thick hydrogen blanket of atmosphere. Starting out at several times the diameter of Earth, this so-called sub-Neptune is believed to have quickly lost its primordial hydrogen and helium atmosphere due to the intense radiation of the hot, young star it orbits. In a short period of time, such a planet would be stripped down to a bare core about the size of Earth. That s when things got interesting. ....

United States , Goddard Space Flight Center , Mark Swain , Ann Jenkins Ray Villard , Raissa Estrela , Claire Andreoli , Propulsion Laboratory , Space Telescope Science Institute , M Swain Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Space Telescope , James Webb Space Telescope , Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Space Flight Center , Ray Villard , Telescope Science Institute , Space Planetary Science , Stars The Sun , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , கோடார்ட் இடம் விமானம் மையம் , குறி ஸ்வைன் , ஆண்டு ஜென்கின்ஸ் ராய் வில்லார்ட் , ரஸ்ஸா எஸ்ட்ரெலா , கிளாரி அன்றேஒலி , ப்ரொபல்ஶந் ஆய்வகம் , இடம் தொலைநோக்கி அறிவியல் நிறுவனம் , மீ ஸ்வைன் ஜெட் ப்ரொபல்ஶந் ஆய்வகம் ,

Tracking cosmic ghosts

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IMAGE: A visualization of the Glashow event recorded by the IceCube detector. Each colored circle shows an IceCube sensor that was triggered by the event; red circles indicate sensors triggered earlier.
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Credit: IceCube Collaboration
The idea was so far-fetched it seemed like science fiction: create an observatory out of a one cubic kilometer block of ice in Antarctica to track ghostly particles called neutrinos that pass through the Earth. But speaking to Benedickt Riedel, global computing manager at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, it makes perfect sense.
Constructing a comparable observatory anywhere else would be astronomically expensive, Riedel explained. Antarctica ice is a great optical material and allows us to sense neutrinos as nowhere else. ....

United States , James Madson , Monte Carlo , Niall Gaffney , Sheldon Glashow , Benedickt Riedel , Texas Advanced Computing Center , Amazon Web Services , National Science Foundation , Wisconsin Icecube Particle Astrophysics Center , Large Scale Community Partnership , Icecube Neutrino Observatory , Important New Tool , Multi Messenger Astronomy , Amundsen Scott South Pole Station , Wisconsin Icecube Particle Astrophysics , Cube Discovers Evidence , High Energy Electron , Standard Model , Open Science Grid , Extreme Science , Engineering Discovery Environment , Data Intensive , Algorithms Models , Calculations Problem Solving , Space Planetary Science ,