Transcripts For ALJAZ Balfour Seeds Of Discord 20240713

Immunity i would be able to get it again or pass it on parts of the w. H. O. The World Health Organization is not keen on this idea for this reason well we do certainly understand the intention of trying to see who can go safely back who were who be of france truly risk free or other people but unfortunately from the scientific point of view we simply dont know for a person who has been infected with. 90. 2. Gets this immunity and if it gets the immunity how long this immunity is lasting now there are always problems with the immunity passport idea to start with for one thing its very divisive if you have some people who are allowed to go back to work and some people arent at a time when most governments right shes trying to unify their populations and say were all in this together but this verdict from the w. H. O. That people dont necessarily have immunity anyway and also saying that the testing to prove this or not is a bit sketchy at the moment at the best well i think that kills the immunity passport idea for the moment at least until a science can suggest otherwise when china says its now gone 10 days in a row without any reported Coronavirus Deaths Health Officials Say its a victory in the war against the disease elsewhere japan now has the highest daily infection rate in asia with more than 12000. 00 cases in total. Well the number of krona virus related deaths in british hospitals has now surpassed 20000 the medical director of Englands National Health Service described it as a very sad day for the nation people are still being urged to stay at home and practice social distancing the u. S. State of new york has started conducting antibody tests for Frontline Health care work of the Screening Program will examine whether doctors and nurses working with infectious patients have been contracting kovan 1000. 00 without showing any symptoms meanwhile new York Governor Andrew Cuomo says hospital admissions in the state have fallen to their lowest level in 3 weeks testing is what we are composedly obsessively focused on now those diagnostic testing which is a positive negative beauty by the testing we do about 20000. 00 tests per day average 2 subjects and then a little bit depending on the day there are signs that north koreas leader may have traveled to his beach resort as speculation grows about his health a Monitoring Group has released these satellite images believed to show a train station in one sub which is reserved for the family of kim jong un rumors over his health have been swelling since he failed to appear at the commemoration of his late grandfathers best day on april 15th the Reuters News Agency says china has sent a team of senior doctors to treat him following a heart procedure the 5 year fight for control of yemen has taken a new tack on the Southern Transitional council has declared a state of emergency and says it is seizing control of the south the session of movement blames the saudi backed government for failing to improve the lives of yemenis. A woman in ecuador who was told her sister had died of a suspected krone virus infection has found out she is actually alive and recovering in hospital 74 year old album maria was admitted to intensive care last month in the city of quiet kill Health Authorities mayors and form the family she died and handed over what they thought were half as they have since apologized for the mix up all those are the headlines the news continues here on aljazeera after about 4 seeds of discord stay with us. And. The egg. The at. Was was. Was 9 was. Was. Was. Was. Was. The voice of David Bengurion declaring the establishment of the state of israel in maine 1948. 2 the Balfour Declaration was a letter sent by British Foreign secretary Arthur Balfour to a member of the british house of lords child on the 2nd of november 1917. This letter sent to a leading figure in the British Jewish Community 100 years ago had repercussions which even its authors cannot have imagined. Whatever its real intentions it went on to have a profound impact on the middle east and its people. And its effects still resonates across the region today. In 1914 these soldiers were far. On the battlefields of europe in the 1st world war the allies britain france and russia fought the central powers of germany austriahungary and the Ottoman Empire for 4 years but the land and sea war was not the only battleground. Muscle was also being flexed behind closed doors as allies conspired how to redraw maps to their own advantage when the conflict eventually ceased. To sir mark sykes for the british and french. For the french plotted how to divide the arab lands of the Ottoman Empire assuming it would finally fall. The psychs pekoe agreement plan secretly to divide it into french and british spheres of influence france taking most of the levant southern anatolia and the mosul area while the british extended their control over the southern levant expanding eastwards to baghdad and basra and all the nand between the arabian gulf and the french territory. Historic palestine then still part of the Ottoman Empire was a bone of contention and would be put under International Administration. That perished in force. All day but too long. But i dont doubt. That false. In. Their. Eyes bus trip. Youre good at just praise. The man i dont. Or did there craig. Get on that you and out that down there. And then was out and slipped up or you. Must lean a little funny. Was it that one of long while with your how long the half of art can be when i can live youre going to cut out weve got archer i think the british felt that there had not been enough government involvement in concluding the states because agreement with the french and in the process they had not really protected their interests well enough for a post world war era in which the British Empire would continue to seek to be a dominant force in European Affairs and so really officials across whitehall including mark sykes and self felt it was a bad deal if you have ilja going to act up to have a few arguments at it in the future not to have a uni on every night or does that mean and you who would you have my own. Bill out there for this the one your home your new shoot from the scene want to be full of thing where an article in the have been men out who are levy. And i mean the clock and i mean i look at that before and its a huge significance that when theyre making these discussions jews and so on is not discussed jews were not to feature in the new cuts at the middle east which was to be based on the idea of the arab nation. Zionism was the movement supporting the reestablishment of a jewish homeland in the area defined as the historic land of israel. The movement was active in early 20th century london especially because of the persecution of jews in russia and eastern europe. Theodore heard so had founded the Zionist Movement in the late 1900 century but jewish people in western europe had not washed to support it because they were integrating quite successfully into society zionists believed that all jews should someday return to that country one of the problems was that palestine belong to the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman Empire was not clear that it wanted massive jewish immigration into palestine and the British Government offered to let jews move unimpeded in great numbers into uganda if they wished. But in any event it really didnt happen and it didnt happen because a majority of scientists felt that hurts or was selling them out and that the only place for jews to move back to work at least conscious zionist jews to move back to was palestine in this i think britain began to look at the Zionist Movement as a possible partner in justifying a reed to go she a sions of their agreement with the french you see for britain simply to claim territory against what theyd already concluded in the green that with france could create diplomatic problems for the british the. They were to make a claim to palestine not out of selfinterest but in order to advance a great historic ideal of the restoration of the jewish people to the legal homeland that this could justify an adjustment of the term of the states because. In a way that the french would accept the british wanted somehow and more and more increasingly they felt that the jews held the key to winning the war. And so they had to figure out how to bribe the jews to support them. Sir mark sykes had succeeded in drawing the line he wanted from acre in the west to clear cook in the east but 1st time in government this was not enough. The british were using the Jewish National movement to secure palestine for themselves is this is what highlights been is really going to find open ears and 10 downing street in the Foreign Office in the Colonial Office and its paving the way towards that critical decision in november of 1917 and so i think you can direct you can draw a direct connection between britains sudden ignore legitimate of zionism and idea at an ideal. And what they were dissatisfied with the term the psychs pico. Fight was a chemistry lecturer in manchester who had become a prominent member of the british Zionist Movement he was politically well connected and rubbed shoulders with senior figures in government so high in vitamin was russian by birth he was a chemist. And then he joined the Zionist Movement. He climbed in the Zionist Movement he moved to grow. Britain before the war well before the war maybe 10 years before the war began he was not before the war very well known in the english Zionist Movement he was pretty well known in the World Zionist Federation but he was by no means the most visible zionist when world war one began in great britain. Vitamin e. To rhodes in his memoirs about having been introduced to a British Government minister Herbert Samuel. Samuel was jewish but vitamine was apparently concerned that he might be anti finest. However Herbert Samual turned out to be extremely receptive to vitamin and went on to write an official memo in 1950 setting out in a number of different possibilities for palestine and the jewish people. And was. So. Health minister. For homework and man i love the number. Of us who were caught up with the car and philosophy in. The latin heaven alamy. Who were a one year who would be. On americas most. Britannia caught up with africa. Sure but theres still philosophy in badminton tell how to help them a lot and then let them a lot and hope fear only a hoodie arrow would see the. Year for last year. But then he suddenly had the leader who the commonwealth yannick am but he didnt find willing ears in whitehall or the Colonial Office for schemes that involved the establishment of the jewish state in palestine britain was really concerned with 2 things by the time that the 1st world war had broken out they wanted to win the war 1st and foremost this was an imperative for the survival of britain and its empire and secondly they wanted to ensure that coming out of the war victorious that their empire would benefit from the victory so at this stage i invites men and Herbert Samuels ideas about the rights of the jews to resettle in palestine the. Not find much sympathy in the corridors of power in london. At this appointed fights munro to a friend asking whether there wasnt at least a discussion to be had about what he called the chance for the jewish people. I realize of course he went on we cannot claim anything we are much too atomized for its. What the debate did do however was to throw together fights man the russian jewish immigrants searching for a homeland and refuge from persecution with Herbert Samuel and lord rothschild for members of the british jewish elite established in society and part of the political and capitalist class. So it isnt for the most part of course all of the community was actually in the minority but certainly most of all within the jewish elite because it threatened the notion of them as 100 percent committed members of British Society and this was complete and that for somebody like Edwin Montague to become secretary of state for india for him zionism is his Worst Nightmare the idea that jews are not satisfied simply with being citizens of britain or other countries around the world theyre always longing to go back to the land of israel for him he wanted to demonstrate that the jews of britain were 1st and foremost british its important to remember that for people like rothschild design isnt actually been a threat you see the elite in british jewellery had fought for generations to gain acceptance in British Society it was only with the arrival of disraeli and that i can century the jews entered parliament and could rise to become Prime Minister and for people of. So high finance or banking interests the really elite of the Jewish Community in britain their struggle to demonstrate their place in British Society that zionism with its claims that jews were a people apart and should be a nationalist movement in their own right or another with their early am very army. And even a corrupt better body or how to get. Hold. Of but i would be when he. Meant get 50 i wouldnt actually be the old the field but i would be everyman german general up there and i do have to shear a lot and know i must lean a bit of time even for my hand abandon our bureau and sammy of bosh who will of us out the head if mark mr you how to say you you will listen x. Vitamin vin show him much of the lovely lot mind of the mental ability. Keep the interest ability to your. Vitamin. The fim. Its vitamin that makes the difference and i think he was probably unique in his ability to persuade the leading british figures that the jews were in fact a vast sub to raney and influence which they were not. That all jews were zionists which was far from the truth and that therefore the big key to winning jewish support was to offer them palestine vitamin talked up the degree to which the Jewish Community supported zionism in order to get his message across to the government. But for the british it seemed to be about self interest about winning the war recognizing zionism would be closely linked to gaining global juice the poor it objective and which should start its future resting so the british motives for supporting zionism will be we can boil it down to 2 elements of british self interest at that time not an emotional interest in science them or a love of jews and the jewish plight in their desire for the return of the jews to the holy land no for very specific self interests matters of policy they were 1st of all all of the British Government agreed that they wanted to mobilize behind britain and the allies this idea of jewish power in the world. They were all of the different policy elites in the war believers in the notion that jews were tremendous influence in the corridors of power around the globe if the British Government appeared to support zionism they would win over world jewry to their side and all that entailed the british were convinced that zionism was really at the center of the jewish holocaust. In main 1916 sir mark sykes had agreed his tikrit deal with the french psychs pickle would form the basis of the future carve up of the old Ottoman Empire. So he immediately turned his attention to palestine still part of the Ottoman Empire and how to use dynasty ambitions to outmaneuver the french. Formal contact between the British Government and the zionist followed he immediately phoned Herbert Samuel and told him about the plan and Herbert Samuel then phoned him vitamin and vitamin brought with him in a home sokolow this meeting took place on the 11th of april 916. 00 it took place at moses castors house in maida vale. And gaster wrote in his diary afterwards how proud he was that this meeting which he thought was the most important meeting that had ever taken place in the history of zionism had taken place at his house. Mark sykes the other had a i was she thought some of my gust of llano were counted one must stand the jelly hoodie bust but then. Rise one who are only in the north who are in the fight and will do the most discussed it very quickly understands that psychs is looking to gain support from suppose it jewish power in the world and guess to works with this idea and manipulates this to consolidate sykess interest in science and we see actually the British Government becomes very close already in nazi 16 of issuing a public declaration of support for zionism there in the end this doesnt happen that year the planned sikes got Herbert Samuels to pass on to the zionist leaders involved joint british French Administration of palestine and a charter guaranteeing british support for the line isnt. But his idea was rejected. They didnt want an anglofrench condominium in palestine they wanted the british to protect them not the french and thats because they thought that the french always sort of converted their colonized people into becoming frenchmen and what they wanted was to remain as self conscious jews and they thought that the british would leave them alone and let them do that and mushy hell to live in begun by big circle of we were hurrying to share a blue team. The world him wanted the berryman not you need convincing goddamn where you did the has gotten more to eat at them you would get them but the hollywood the who you dream know you to name in remember bomb out somalia matter. Robert. You know them. Is. Bolstered by their newfound credibility the british dynas thought about making specific demands after the sykes meeting but events soon overtook them. On the 6th of december 1960 british Prime Minister asquith resigned. In the change of government Arthur Balfour became foreign secretary under Prime Minister david lloyd george. Lloyd george. As the half awake i walked away from us back recently was iraq. December 4th im selfish. And ill. Be here with that you know. One. Side of the future completely. And we should have gone to the people saying oh for all woes of rather philosophical bent. And i think he wanted to think in theological terms he wanted to think in historical terms. And it was with that frame of mind i think that he approached the whole question seriously at the fall of. Sorry in. Our lives back and. Minutes of awkward sex because. It was what i thought george. If. I may remember. A time. A while before those of us towards the end. The army was among men and he and i me david lloyd george. Balfour and all of those who supported the path of declaration within the British Government we can absolutely categorize as being riven with anti semitic thinking and not only that but the thinking behind the Balfour Declaration that drove them to the Balfour Declaration was from this anti semitic thought the idea of jewish power of jewish that he said this and of a unified jewish attachment to zionism above all else. Whatever its basis the relationship between the british dynasty and the government would continue to grow throughout the 1917. Leading to the declaration that would change the face of the middle east and ultimately determine the destinies of 2 different peoples. More than the most owns initial response had been inadequate but now it was time for bible talk a little swarm of muslims now moved from merely reacting to taking action putting the western crusaders on the defensive with hindsight this is seen as a breakthrough as a revival of the jihad in the muslim near east the crusades an arab perspective of the so to revive on aljazeera. In a war torn city in iraq a magic documents the stories of the survivors recording their hopes and dreams for a peaceful future after american troops withdrawal. But the conflict is far from over. He turns the camera on himself when i so take control and his family are forced to flee no where to hide a witness documentary on aljazeera. And. One half scottish and half lebanese so diversity is really important to me and aljazeera is the most diverse place i have ever worked we have so many different nationalities and this is in these books together in this one News Organization and this diversity of perspective is reflected in our coverage giving a more accurate representation of the world we report on and thats a key strength of aljazeera. Or. Hello again im a star here today in doha with the headlines on aljazeera the World Health Organization says theres no evidence that people whove recovered from private 19 develop immunity to the virus its urging governments not to issue socalled immunity passports due to concerns they could increase the spread rory chalons has more from london. Now there are always problems with the immunity passport idea to start with for one thing its very divisive if you have some people who are allowed to go back to work and some people are at a time when most governments are actually trying to unify their populations and say were all in this together but this verdict from the w. H. O. That people dont necessarily have immunity anyway and also saying that the testing to prove this or not is a bit sketchy at the moment at best but i think that kills the immunity passport idea for the moment at least until the science can suggest otherwise well china now says its gone 10 days in a row without any reporter to Coronavirus Deaths Health Officials Say its a victory in the war against the disease elsewhere japan now has the highest daily infection rate in asia with more than 12000. 00 cases in total the number of coronavirus related deaths in british hospitals has now surpassed 20000 the medical director of Englands National Health Service described it as a very sad day for the nation people are still being added to stay at home and practice social distancing the u. S. State of new york has started conducting antibody tests for Frontline Health care workers the Screening Program will examine whether doctors and nurses working with infected patients have been contract in covert 19 without showing any symptoms. Speculation is growing over the health and whereabouts of north koreas leader who hasnt been seen in public now for 2 weeks south lives Images Released by a Monitoring Group suggest that kim jong un may have traveled to his beach resort the Reuters News Agency says china has sent a team of senior doctors to treat him following a heart procedure the 5 year fight for control of yemen has taken a new tab the Southern Transitional council has declared a state of emergency and says it is seizing control of the south the Secessionist Movement blames the saudi backed government for failing to improve the lives of yemenis well those are the headlines and now its back to balfour seeds of discord stay with us. The 1st world war pitted britain france and russia against germany austria hungary and the Ottoman Empire the british in the shape of the diplomats or mark sykes were determined to divide autumn in territory in a way that best suited them once the war was over for their own strategic interests. By 917 the war was shifting in the allies favor and in the middle east the british were moving through sinai towards the borders of historic palestine. Further north the Russian Revolution in february 1917 cast doubt on russias continued involvement in the war. As britain and france tried to outmaneuver one another the british Zionist Movement took on increasing political importance. Sites wants to get back in touch with so this and think about how to incorporate saw this in british planning for palestine. And at this moment we see a hugely important meeting taking place in the home of moses gaston made a vow in february of 9817 and this is the point in which sykes meets for the 1st time haim fight sman in the home circle of. Another time in this in which its discussed what the zionists are looking for and the british interest in zionism so he had to bring the zionists along without divulging what were the secret agreements that britain and france had come to with regard to palestine which was that they would jointly administer parts of palestine at this meeting for the British Government was sykes and Herbert Samuel he was there on the other side there were. Vitamin and sokolow and there was moses gaster and he brought a couple of his allies because he realised that vitamin was beginning to push him out of the way the other very important figure was James Rothschild who attended this meeting. At the meeting it became clear to sykes that vitamin not gaster was the most important zionist. This is also the moment where most of the cast is dislodged. Sykess part on the french side because i havent liked best guest it been insistent that this should be a jewish state and nothing less coming into being after the war and pick of clearly wanted scientists who were much more willing to compromise with the interests of the great powers and the vice was certainly happy to fit that bill. The meetings between the zionists and the government seemed to give momentum to the idea of british support for a jewish homeland in palestine and their potential role in its administration. But the secret agreements between britain and france which formed the basis of the future division of the Ottoman Empire planned to put palestine under International Administration any change would have to be negotiated with france. Niamh socalled of emerged as the man to talk to the french and horse look at where the. Story are a. Bit with she he. Became the acknowledged lead diplomat for zionism and all the accounts say that he had an extremely sort of elegant bearing and wore very fine clothing and that his manners were polished and polite and smooth silky smooth so that he could talk. On an equal basis with the representatives of the german kaiser or the British Government or whatever so the day after the meeting. Between sykes and the zionist leaders sykes brought. But socolow to meet the french diplomat pico what psychs wanted was for sokolow to a persuade pekoe that zionism must be taken seriously that zionism really was the key to winning the war. And that the zionists would only help the allies win the war if britain was the main power in palestine not france for trade off because they didnt particular kill or may but if you cared more so called offered up almost all khwaja walk was. Put out for the core i reckon. Reeve dont like you which i dont like but its you and also mossad. Theres not a kid of say course a record of that they are home was not on their degree of me tell you we the 3 of them and psychs nuff saw in a circle of you know what a w and a no our friends are or your mother had this you can associate mom or ls and british cabinet or that often or at the station of friends so we were at bill for. Bill cabin at the english 0 or low and not already different so into lot of city its hard to know how much influence psychs ultimately had over british policy making he was given more prominence in british policy making around the middle east during the war years than he ever deserved he was a relatively ill educated inexperienced man whose only connection to the ottoman world had been as a tourist. So for this man to be playing such a role in the holes of power over deciding british policy towards the near east seems to us today to be normal is indeed ridiculous. Regardless of psychs role things continue to progress for the zionists and in june 1917 British Foreign secretary Arthur Balfour asked high in vitamin to present his demands as a declaration and promise to try and persuade his government to adopt its. The leading zionist form the Political Committee and drafted their demands and then submitted them to the British Government. This original document was one of the 1st drafts written at the Imperial Hotel in london on the 17th of july 1917. Its also introduced a new term and concept the National Home of the jewish people. So in the initial side this drafting of the declaration. There were protests so honestly. To no home circle of that theres no mention of the terminology of a jewish state that is said that talking about a National Home. This is a trial of what the size trying to achieve and so. Was that we mustnt go too far we have to take small steps we have to go with what is acceptable to the British Government at this time and then slowly slowly we can advance our cause once we had this in hand. And if you had a corrupt. Knowledge that had been could be. A. Certain element how come that under saddam. Or less of a coward that would leave him starts for what are. Really awful thing. On the 18th of september 1917 there was a meeting of the british war cabinet the foreign secretary Arthur Balfour was absent. The secretary of state for india Edwin Montague who was jewish strongly disagreed with the declaration. He was opposed to zionism and said i deny that palestine is today associated with the jews or properly be regarded as a fit place for them to live montague thought a french to clear ration for porting zionism in june 1917 was anti semitic and negotiated changes to the british version as it went through several drafts. So you got a battle at cannes last them. There are that really well that. Are going to be ill here with all Alice Charlotte adam assessment of corker c s c. Yes good i mean feel. That we. Are both there on the whole. She will look forward to her both to see if your movie she got most who you are. But your true. Love people gonna. Do you. The push well resentment of you. A few days later secretary of state for war by counts milner and the jewish politician Philip Magnus sent a modified version to the cabinet it incorporated some of montagues changes. Including the caviar that quote nothing shall be done that might prejudice the rights and political status enjoyed by such jews who are fully contented with their existing nationality and citizenship. Drafting especially by a board millner that appeared by september was closer to the language that would eventually be adopted in november of 917 namely speaking not about palestine as a whole. But. A sort of presence in palestine on behalf of the jews which is quite different cannot call can we be wired bill for it how money for. Nothing. All of these are national. A literary of what on and call me there and look at all in national 1 may. Not have been made. But not the the National Home and i would not the National Home yanni worked on only i would be fearful of the and. The committed zionists wanted to ensure the declaration was clear that the whole of historic palestine would be a National Homeland exclusively for the jewish people. The latest draft was sent to high invites men who in turn center to the Zionist Movement in the United States for their feedback. There was some consultation you know during the summer of 1917 with the United States and in the early drafts. The imprint of the zionist elements in britain would have referred to pella stone in its entirety as being for some sort of jewish and b. And those elements eventual we were modified before the drafting was finalized another key part of the terminology that emerged out of the drafting was in some british redrafting where sort of for the jewish people it was written the jewish race this was taken out but i think its very revealing. That british officials wanted to use this kind of terminology because after all this was how they understood the jews of the world as being a racial group when that world it tremendous power and also could be inspired all together as one unit behind the calls of scientism supported by britain and the allies its striking that the existing arab people in the region were not named at all theyre simply called the quote existing non jewish communities in palestine the 3 point that if you do it but say that with every little idea but at this point you go maam tell you straight is our absence on. The north river ownership men bar owners are. You no good if he read you or you know the opportunity or opportunity. By october 19th 17 the final draft of the Balfour Declaration was ready and waiting only British Government final approval. There was a rumor that germany was about to issue a similar declaration supporting the rights of the jews in palestine. When belfer he rushed to get his final draft discussed at the cabin its meeting on the 31st of october 19th of in teen. So when we think about the centenary of the Balfour Declaration everyone considers 2nd of november 19th 17 as the moment of the day creation itself but it was actually agreed to by the british cabinet on the 31st of october and this was a hugely significant meeting and in the minutes of that meeting balfour ri its rates the principle reasons for supporting zionism and highlights its expected propaganda effects amongst jews around the world particularly in the United States and in russia the argument was was put forward most strongly by lord balfour at the meeting of october 31st and what he argued was that issuing this declaration would be extremely helpful for the british in solidifying the support of the United States and also in countering propaganda from germany the critical thing to remember about british diplomatic pronouncements is that what one individual says does not represent the views of the government as a whole and you will find many different points of view among british officials in the years 1701800 and right into the early years of the mandate but the british were very clear that they had not promised statehood to the Zionist Movement they had no interest in doing so the british did not support Jewish Nationalism they did not support arab nationalism they supported british imperialism but this is also the meeting where lord curzon. Theres a member of the walk up and it disquiet about the possible effects of supporting zionism on the palestinian arab population and the palestinian opposition is completely disregarded lord curzon wrote a paper to the cabinet asking what was quote to become of the people of this country. There were over half a 1000000 syrian arabs a mixed community with arab hebrew canaanite greek egyptian and possibly crusaders blood they and their forefathers of occupied the country for the best part of 1500 years they own the soil they profess the mohammedan faith they would not be content either to be explode jewish immigrants or to act merely is he was of wood and drawers of water to the latter. But his prescient remarks fell on deaf ears its like intels high bites when at the end of the war Cabinet Meeting dr its a boy as though they witnessed the birth of an agreement to create Jewish National home as a baby in the middle east. The final draft of the Balfour Declaration was 67 words long. His majestys government view with favor the establishment in palestine of a National Home for the jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object it being clearly understood nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non jewish communities in palestine all the rights and political status enjoyed by jews in any other country. I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation your sincerely are for james balfour. In terms of International Law it really has very little standing in International Law you know treaties between nations have significance. But governments after an issue policy statements statements of intention about what they plan to do and those who really dont have any standing. As a matter of of law for britain this was. I suppose you would say a statement of its intention as to what it would do if it were to take over belostoma which of course it had not yet done as of november of 1917 its going to go to whether you like that. She. Will come im sure of britannia if. It be so though because of all where your mind from a luxury hotel if i bought you show you off your royalty only 2 years after the declaration a Church Leader in jerusalem wrote to british Prime Minister lloyd george about jews in palestine trying to control holy sites. Lloyd georges office had said that high invites men didnt want to do anything affecting the rights of arabs it said he simply wanted to be involved in a council to help provide refuge to jews russia and eastern europe. This exchange suggested that britain felt it had not promised a jewish state but simply a place for them to live alongside the arabs. When the league of nations set out the british mandate in. Palestine in 1923 it made britain responsible for implementing the Balfour Declaration. As a result jewish immigration to palestine increased as did arab opposition to it expressed in a series of palestinian protests against britain in the 1920 s. They understood the people of palestine to be muslims and christians but did not imagine that they would constitute a National Community that would seek National Independence and after the war very quickly when it becomes clear that palestinian arab nationalists immobilizing against zionism. The British Government a quick to see a major problem the Balfour Declaration had put in train a series of events that began to signal its deep flaws arab descent built to the 3 year revolt between 193619398 was a nationalist uprising against the British Administration demanding arab independence and the end of jewish immigration it was on the pill commission of 1937 that the british 1st recognized that instead of balancing communities they had certain motion rivalry between incompatible National Movement jewish and palestinian arab. And it was at that point that they try to solve the problem by dividing palestine into 2 states arab and jewish through a partition plan and i think there you have the 1st recognition or admission from british officials of the failure of the Balfour Declaration. In maine 1939 the British Government published a policy document on palestine called a white paper it abandoned the partitioning of palestine into 2 states and called instead for an independent palestine in which arabs and jews would share government. It limited jewish immigration to 75000. 00 for 5 years and said that the arab majority should determine future immigration levels. Its also said that balfour had not meant to create a jewish state at the expense of the arabs any more than the mcmahon his stay in correspondence 24 years before had promised an arab state to Shareef Hossain of mecca but the white paper met opposition and was dropped. The British Government a quick to see a major problem but there is no way that they can back away from support for zionism because this becomes the basis for their justification for being in the holy land their commitment to supporting the movement in the Balfour Declaration which becomes in shrines in International Law in the terms of the mandate for palestine so the british stuck with zionism they didnt believe that scientists wanted independent jewish state hood and after the war became very clear that actually the vast majority of scientists didnt only want statehood they expected. I think if were trying to assess whether or not britains policy towards zionism in the 1st world war served british interests or not the 1st thing we have to appreciate is the key reason they supported it was based on an incorrect idea they believed that they could mobilize something that they saw as jewish power around the world behind their lead cause so 1st of all that was entirely wrong and didnt happen because the jewish power its fate is force. In september 1939 german expansionism led to the 2nd world war over 60000000 people died including between 5 and 6000000 jews the majority in nazi concentration camps. The british mandate ended at midnight on the 14th of may 1948 and immediately the formation of the state of israel was announced justified by the terms of the Balfour Declaration issued 31 years before. While israelis celebrated the birth of their nation 700000 palestinians were forced into camps and exile the family done a lot of damage you not destroyed and go with you wanted to go and were going we dont know their car. For palestinians the Balfour Declaration represents the moment an imperial power promised their land the way to another people. Is that this weather out there which was. Thats what they hold bell for responsible for their expulsion displacement and occupation. Had a few showers into the northeast of the United States some blustery conditions as well but really the good news is those severe thunderstorms they are in the 4 calls for the next couple of days however out across the southwest we go play skies and some very high temperatures at least 10 degrees above the average into Southern California clear blue skies very warm indeed in the societies how much is really on the high side 31 in los angeles on sunday 20 celsius in San Francisco so feeling a lot better for you this is the area of rain on sunday with his way through the high valley pushing up into the northeast as blustery winds and that rain keeping those temperatures a little bit lower and in fact just 10 celsius in new york on monday but then you come across to the west where we have all these heat warnings in place and the red really shows it very clearly says Southern California nevada and old say phoenix into arizona particularly just look at this temperature for the next few days monday choose him by wednesday 40 celsius and thats against a pretty warm april average anyway of 30 degrees celsius is pretty much the caribbean and Central America showers through florida the bahamas through sunday and also a fair amount of rain by sunday on monday into these coastal areas of mexico but it should be dry in mexico city with a high of 22. Im counting the cost billions now to save trillions of lost economic output the backseat. Sort of all produce a covert 1000. 00 test kit for 1. 00 plus u. S. Oil on the line as proof sinks into negative territory. Counting the costs on aljazeera. Play an important role. Ringback in the. The global death toll from coven 1000 tops 200000 as the World Health Organization warns there is no evidence that having had the virus prevents reinfection. Hello again im the star of the attack and this is al jazeera live from also coming up. Fed up with the coronavirus lockdowns protest as a parts of europe demand an easing of restrictions