Override trumps veto of a resolution that would override the student loan forgiveness rule. Charles hanley is joining us. He is a former peak correspondent out with a new planes, life and death in a hidden war. We thank you for being with us on cspan. Thank you. Host the historical significance of the korean war what is it 70 years later . Guest we can see it simply and the tension that still exists on the peninsula with the. Nuclear crisis. It is sometimes called the forgotten war. It was an indecisive conflict in a faroff place. It came just five years after world war ii. Eventually, it was overshadowed by the vietnam war. But when we look back, we would can see we can see it is a watershed moment in 20thcentury history. It militarized the cold war between the communist and capitalist worlds. It was the first undeclared war by the United States and its history. Conflicts the last between great powers, in this case, american china with soviet with america and china soviet help. It permanently militarize the United States within just a couple years. Quadrupled indget 1950s. Y in that sense, the pentagon never looked back. We can see, as i said in the nuclear crisis, this is rooted in that war. The United States threatened, in to use Nuclear Weapons against the North Koreans, against the chinese. Result, china realized it needed its own deterrent and went to work on it. By 1964, the chinese had a nuclear weapon. We can see the North Koreans as , who suffered such tremendous devastation during the war, have their own nuclear arsenal, which they consider another deterrence against another devastating conflict. Host we have a line set aside for those of you who are veterans of the korean war. Are you saying that the underlying issue in the conflict 70 years ago was the cold war tensions that resulted in the war . Guest at the end of world war ii, korea, which was a japanese colony, was divided by the occupationsmerican of the north and south. Consequently, each followed diversion paths communist and capitalist. 1945,gh in december of washington and moscow reached what is called the moscow agreement to reunify korea within five years, bickering and hostility between the great powers doomed that to failure. By 1948, the whole idea had been the two, south and north, declared themselves independent nations. So we can find the reasons for the korean war very directly in this facility hostility between the soviet union in the United States. , you really try to personalize those on the front lines, including citizens in the war. Walk us through what you learned. Guest i learned even more than i already knew. I had been working on this as a journalist for years, but i learned even more about the devastation of two societies. Characters, these are real people of course and drill experiences, but i called them characters. My characters witness much of the horror of the war, some of the worst of it, from the era ofies to the bombardment in north korea in particular. So this is a way i thought to bring home to the reader the real meaning of any war, and this war in particular, which is in america in particular. From acharacters ranging little northern refugee girl in book with opens the the start of the war, onto various soldiers and civilians, even an american nun who runs a clinic for refugees in south korea during the war, on up to people at the top channels, matthew ridgway, who ended up overall commander on the andican south korean side, the chinese general who was the overall commander from 1950 on the chinese north korean side. I follow their experiences through the war. Picture,hem, we get a an overview of strategy and the conduct of the war. Many of my ordinary people are times, aregh these fleeing, refugees, are under strafing from american airplanes in such and such. Host our guest has won a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting with the associated press. Before we get to the first calls, what specific event led to the initial conflict . Invasion on june 20 5, 1950. I believe it was seven north korean divisions coming across the 38th parallel. There had been skirmishing along the 38th parallel, the separation line, for a couple years before that, some of them pretty serious. When war broke out on june 25 that morning, a rainy morning in korea, many people in the south thought we hope it is just another skirmish. It turned out to be a fullscale invasion. On the northern side, the people in north korea were told that south korea had attacked. This fiction is still maintained by the North Koreans officially in their museums and such, but it was a surprise attack and there was a failure on the south korean american side, and anelligence failure intelligence failure, to not protect these troops across the 38th parallel. The North Koreans cleverly staged a maneuver, which was actually a hoax. The movements were not a maneuver. But rather a fullscale invasion. Host lets take your phone calls. Up from sylvester, georgia. Welcome. Caller i had a relative that served during the battle of who during a battle, the Largest Naval battle in history. President truman called it a Police Action even though it was undeclared. I had was question that the armistice ended the fighting on the peninsula in 1953, but there has been no formal treaty. To many of the North Koreans, the war has never been forgotten, even though we have forgotten the war. Host thank you. Two important points. There has been no peace treaty. There was to be a political settlement. This was within the original armistice agreement in july, 1953, that there be a political conference. The hostilities were just so great that by 1954 when the and it didlace not go very far. Finally, the United States walked out. The disagreements over who would and elections in such such. The United States proposed that the u. N. Oversee elections, but the United Nations was considered to be a belligerent and the war by the north belligerent in the war by the north. Adopteded nations head had adopted a resolution to support south korea during the war. Proposed, and the chinese proposed, a commission of neutral nations, but the americans rejected that end so it ended in failure. So it is a war on hold. No peace treaty. No war, no peace. Your first question related to host it is a war that has never there has not been a formal agreement. Brought up theer undeclared aspect of the Police Action. This is interesting. As a journalist, i see it happen often. That was raised by a journalist to president truman. Yes, he went along with it, but this was not his formulation initially. There was some thought in washington that the entry of the United States into the war, which ended would end pretty quickly, but that proved not true. It went on for three years. There were tremendous costs. You mentioned the casualty toll for americans, which was over 36,000 dead. The total dead for the others and verywas tremendous indefinite. Betweenlieved that 200000 and 400,000 south korea s troops and the same number of north korean troops were killed and even more chinese killed in possibly 500,000. The real toll was on civilians in north and south korea. Probably one million civilians on each, north and south, were killed during that war. Is still considered the war with the most costly casualty toll america has ever fought. We are looking at the start of the korean war in 1950, 70 years ago here on cspan. Sam is next up from hillsdale, michigan. Thank you for waiting. I got so mad toward the end of this book i was reading that i had to quit reading it. It seemed to me that the Truman Administration was just clicking its tongue and shaking its head watching macarthurs crazy behavior. Why didnt somebody do something about that man . Point, and it may be a broader question, some of the key players involved in this conflict. Guest the key players . Host he mentioned General Macarthur, but also some of the other key figures in the conflict. , his on macarthur behavior really came to the fore during the war itself, not leading up to it. War, he was the overall commander in the far east. He was the one who ordered troops in after getting the ok from truman. Ordered the troops into korea. To summarize the early , theandforth seesawing north korean invasion pushed the south korean army and the american troops there into the southeastern quadrant of south korea. In september 1950, macarthur landed a huge Amphibious Force at inchon. That effectively cut off the North Koreans in the south from their resupply. At the same time, the American South korean force in the south broke out from their perimeter and drove the north , very forces north weekend at that point very weakened at that point. They macarthur sent his forces across the 38th parallel, capturing pyongyang, and all the way to the chinese border. The directives from the joint chiefs of staff in washington where that he should not send american troops to the chinese border because the chinese would consider that a threat, but he disobeyed that. The whole u. N. Command at seoul moved toward the border, reached the border, and met the chinese. A disaster for the americans. At the same time, macarthur made a strategic error splitting his forces up the east coast and west coast of north korea. Thehe chinese picked off two split forces more easily that way. They are attacks were a great surprise to macarthur and his generals. They went into it essentially a headlong they went into essentially a headlong retreat all the way back to seoul. The real thing that got to truman about macarthur was that he was speaking out geo strategically, not just militarily. He kept pushing for a wider war against china, attacking chinese bases, attacking china itself, and even mustering troops from taiwan, Chinese Nationalist troops that had fled to taiwan, getting them to reinvade china for a second front in the war. ,y character general ridgway one of the featured individuals early onk, could see that macarthur was making a great strategic mistake on the ground in north korea. , when he wasstood told he was taking over from macarthur, that macarthur had been fired. Ridgway was already in ridgeway was already in korea and that he would leave korea to go to tokyo. Ridgeway knew that macarthurs ideas, the American People would not stand for them. Truman simply became too impatient with insubordination. They fired him. Host we welcome our cspan Radio Audience and those listening on sirius xm. Our guest is Charles Hanley. He is a Pulitzer Prizewinning author for the associated press. Has upcoming book titled ghost flames, life and death in that hidden war at the korean war as we look back at the korean war that happened 70 years ago. Bob is up next from arlington, texas. Good morning. Caller my brother got killed over there august 5, 1952. What bothers me the most is the fact that most people over here these days do not know china was the biggest part of why we lost that war. And we still disrespect it. The second thing is that memorial day everybody says, happy memorial day. Well it is not very happy for me, i will tell you that. Second, people like Colin Kaepernick who disrespect the flag i tell you what, that is the lowest point we can ever respect the honor of the people that died. That is what memorial day is about, but you get a guy like Colin Kaepernick or these other celebrities saying this is our flag, and theyre disrespecting it. I would love to disrespect one of their relatives in the same way. Host bob, tell us about your brother. What happened . Caller he waited to get drafted and he was ready to come home and a sniper got him. [crying] he was with the 5th Regimental Combat Team and evidently it was behind the lines, but they had the snipers out there picking people off left and right. He had been promised to be able to come home. He had already served his time and he got promoted. They did not know how to manage the peace. Everything was quiet, everybody was waiting for the next move. Host how old was he when he passed away . Caller 22. Host bob, thank you for the call and thank you for sharing your story. Guest i am very sorry to hear about your loss and obviously, steve, the mention of china earlier, there were chinese soldiers lost in the war and they were the deciding factor. They saved north korea otherwise we would have a unified force korea back in the 1950s. The chinese still view the war as a great victory because they saved north korea and they pay close attention to the history of that particular war. In fact, one of my characters is the overall commander of the chinese force. Soon after he entered the war zone and set up headquarters he had his oldest son is a russian translator. Soon after the chinese armies entered north korea, the headquarters were attacked and the general had just left his cabin and his son had returned to the cabin. American planes came in and bombed the cabin and killed his son. Maos son, who some considered a potential successor, is buried in north korea and honored on their memorial day so to speak. The connection between china and north korea is quite close historically. They have their animosities, but the Chinese People and north Korean People recognize their relationship is deep and long. Host our guest is joining us from florida and our next caller is from key biscayne, florida. Bill, good morning. Caller good morning to you. It is a privilege to talk to mr. Hanley. My question is two parts. How did north and south korea originally become separated . My second part is, do you think north korea thinks in terms of what drives them today is not selfpreservation, but the desire to unify the peninsula . Host thank you. Parallel. First, on the division between north and south korea along the 30th parallel. Guest yes. There was an agreement between the United States and soviet union to reunify north and south, but the discussions fell apart after a couple of years because of their growing animosity over so many other matters, particularly in europe. They simply went ahead and fostering separate governments. In 1948, the republic of korea was declared in seoul and later in 1948, the democratic republic of korea would be declared in north korea. I tend to say the Korean People are very, lets say, nationalistic, very proud of their culture, their history, their unity over centuries. In 1950 this was the first time korean fought korean in a millennium. It had been unified for centuries before the soviets and americans brought about this war. I think in their hearts all koreans would love to see reunification, but i know in the south there are misgivings because of the great burden that they would have to undertake if there were to be reunification and supporting a very impoverished north korea and politically troubled north korea. As far as the north korean attitude, they consider themselves the legitimate government of all korea and the people have been fed propaganda their whole lives. I think at this point they think it is their rightful place to be reunified and be the rulers of korea. Host the Korean War Legacy Foundation putting together a series of conversations. Those on the front lines of the battle between 1950 and 1953 and among them was alan clark. Here is part of his story. First is the field site visit. It has this hood on the back that can zip up and button off. And it is real thick. Right. The reallyone is godsend we had. , a this was an overcoat and it has an insert which is here. It is london fog and everybody had one of these and everybody wore them. You slept in them, you walked in them. And you are lucky to have one. In addition to that we had a wool scarf which was wonderful because you could put it around your face and that wind, which was really cold. You could put it under your helmet and have your eyes out. That was wonderful. One place the wind was blowing like crazy we were out near the bridge and we were communicating with our headquarters. As i stood there with the wind blowing and, at the time it was 42 degrees below zero, the wind was blowing like crazy and if i faced the wind, i could not close my eyes. [end of video clip] host that is alan clark reflecting what he remembers from the war in korea 70 years ago. Dr. Your phone calls. Al is joining us from it got, new york. Ithaca, new york. Good morning. Caller good morning. Thank you for the program and your guest. I have two questions. One, even though the book starts in 1950, if he could deal a little bit more with the history of a korean resistance to the Japanese Occupation that started in 1905, and also the establishment of the regovernment in the south. From what i understand the , Korean Independence Movement was declared a party very early in september, 1945 and the u. S. Sort of instituted or made the regovernment come into existence. Thank you for your research. Host thank you. He goes back to the start of the century. Guest history is very interesting as you know. In 1905, there was a settlement of the russojapanese war, in which Teddy Roosevelt played a mediating role. As part of the agreements there was a secret agreement between the United States and japan, in which the United States would acknowledge japanese suzereinty over the entire Korean Peninsula and in exchange the japanese would not interfere with the american role in the philippines. The japanese very quickly turned this into a colonial situation. They declared they annexed korea and declared a colony. They even tried they did impose the japanese language, required them to take japanese names, and they became a hated colonial power over korea. The caller is correct there was some resistance, armed resistance, but it never amounted to much. In 1919, there were fairly peaceful protests that broke out, but they were crushed ruthlessly by the japanese. So the resistance ultimately gravitated toward manchuria and the Russian Far East where there were many koreans. In that region north of korea itself, in manchuria and china and the Russian Far East. And they were eventually organized as a guerilla force. Either fighting with the chinese ,ommunists against the japanese russian trained grilli unit in the soviet far east that was infiltrating japanese control manchuria and carrying out sabotage. In this is where the north Korean Leader grew into military strongman he became. So, this also established the dichotomy between people in the south and the caller is correct that people in the south tried to form a koreawide or at least a south wide Independence Movement and even a structure for government. The American Occupation force but simply eliminated that ended and in fact, there was a Korean Workers Party in the south that was outlawed, made illegal, by general hodge who was the commander. There is a deeper history than simply what happened in 1945 with the division by the soviets and americans. As with everything, the roots run much deeper than that. You know, i mentioned the subtitle to my book with the life and death in a hidden war, create 19501953 with title the being ghost flame but this is a key part of what i tried to present. That is the hidden aspects of the korean war, many of which did not come to light for half a century. This involved mass political executions in the south. It had several aspects, but the worst of it all did not come out until after the or 2000, really. Between 2005 and 2010 there were truth and Reconciliation Commission of south korea investigations into what happened in 1950. What happened was that the government had jailed tens of thousands of political prisoners. And then the war broke out when north korea invaded the military police and civilian police simply took these people out into the outlying areas, had them dig mass graves, and then executed them by the thousands. One of my characters one of my one of my featured individuals , is a british journalist of the london daily worker and he was the first outsider to happen upon, while traveling with the north korean army, to these mass graves and reported the killing of thousands of political prisoners. By the south korean government. In fact, he reported american officers were present in u. S. Trucks were used. In the killing fields. The london dealer worker reported and it was denounced as an atrocity fabrication by the u. S. Embassy in london and no western reporter ever followed up on this. Note noncommunist reporter. It was not until the year 2000 that it turned out the u. S. Army officers at the scene of this mass killing, although there one were many over south korea, had taken photographs and sent them to the pentagon. They were a classified secret for half a century until a researcher had them declassified. And the denounced reporting turned out to be true and there were other hidden aspects of the war that ghost flames goes into. Some of my characters were brought up in these atrocities. One is a woman a young mother , who lost her two children. They were killed by the american second cavalry regiment troops in late july 1960. We follow her through that ordeal. She was badly wounded and and then through the rest of the to, her wholees life she is haunted. Husband begin a quest to find out who killed these hundreds of refugees. There were orders that turned up at the national archives. The u. S. Air force for example, Military Lines in south korea, orders such as a Division Commander of the first cavalry division, telling his troops that refugees are quote fair game quote and a colonel in his division ordering his troops to shoot all refugees across the river. The river which was the defense line at the perimeter. There were mass killings of refugees and civilians, not just by bombardment, but by Ground Forces and aerial strikes as well. Not just by north korea. We will never know how many. My characters, the little girl as a refugee in so seoul, with her widowed mother, they are caught in one of these on the road where the girl sees the first People Killed in the war by american aircraft. Randomly strafing civilians along the road outside of seoul. I hope this book will bring home, in very real terms, the dimension of it all real people , who the reader gets to know. It will bring home, i think, the true horrors of the korean war. Host Charles Hanley, we have a lot of callers who still want to chat with you, but quickly, who was the president of the republic of korea . Guest sigmund ree, he was a well educated christian korean. Very early on during the japanese colonial era agitated, and exile for decades, for korean independence from japan. , he was at the conference at versailles at the end of world war i agitating for korean independence. The japanese were allies of the western powers in that war and so he got nowhere with that. In subsequent years, he lobbied in washington for korean independence, and also during world war ii. And then when the two koreas , when korea was divided into two nations, he had become known to the washington establishment and the cia in particular. The very new cia. They wanted him installed as the president of the new south korea. And so General Macarthur in tokyo flew him over to take over in south korea. But he was very impetuous and it turns out, very ruthless leader, and became very unpopular the people who had to work with him, the politicians and members of the national assembly. It is interesting there was a election before the north korean invasion the put the opposition and power in the national assembly. Others in thehad power, but the invasion saved him. And he maintained a lot of popular popularly among the people. Insistence on [indiscernible]. Late in the war, beginning in 1951, the americans were negotiating for an armistice with the chinese and the North Koreans. By 1953 ree was so angry over the armistice he began pulling stunts that tried to sabotage the south. The talks. Example, freeing thousands of north korean prisoners in the south, who declared they wanted to stay in the south. This infuriated the northerners and the chinese. He was a very difficult person for the americans to deal with, but in the end, he had to acquiesce to the armistice. Host our guest is the coauthor the bridge at no gun raid, the head nightmare of the korean war. Our next caller is a veteran of the war. Hermann is calling from baltimore. Thank you for waiting. Caller good morning. I am 89 years old and was in korea for the last three months of the war. I was in the signal corps as an intercept Radio Operator 10 miles behind the line. One of the things i remember also, i was stationed right alongside the highway leading north. All day long, fresh troops were being trucked north and all night long there were ambulances coming south. That i do remember. I was not close enough to the line to be shot at, but i could see the flashes in the sky and hear the rumbles from the bombings and artillery. My first question is, what was the relationship between north and south korea before the invasion . You did just talk about the sigmund ree dictatorship. What role did he play in maybe maybe having the invasion get started . Host can you stay on the line . I want to follow up with you. We will get a response but can you be with us for a moment or two . Hermann, please stay on the line. Guest it is very interesting. One of my characters is the north korean general, the operations chief, and i follow him, the reader follows him through the war. He learned late in the war about the genesis of the war. He learned from an old comrade of his who happened to be the russian interpreter. He was told that in march of 1949, the king went to moscow and proposed to Joseph Stalin who was the sponsor or the supplier of the communist , the chineseia coming us and north korea and others. That the king wanted to invade and reunify. Invade the south and reunify. Stalin was extremely cautious about this because he was worried about the americans. The American Army the occupation , army was still in korea and he said that was not a good idea. He also pointed out to kim, the southern president seems very eager to invade you, to invade the north. So why dont you just let him do , that and the whole world will doing inhat you are defense and then you can just take over. Stalin indicated he would support him in that. My character,u, word as well, after that stalin , told kim to go back and never raise the issue of invasion again. Then the American Army pulled but out of south korea and in addition, the chinese communists won the civil war in china in october of 1949. And so the conditions on the ground were changing. The soviet union had developed in additionthe soviet union had developed its own atomic bomb to , match the americans. At that point in april of 1950 stalin gave him the goahead for the invasion. But it turns out that just two weeks before or 10 days before the invasion, john foster for truman was in korea assessing the situation. Was then, the korean later egging him to invade north korea. Dulles told him no because the Truman Administration was leery of starting a war with the soviet union. So even at that stage, and as i have said earlier, there were skirmishing along the border half of which had to be blamed on the south. And perhaps the other half the north. They were fighting each other for a couple of years before the fullscale invasion occurred. You know, you were there the last three months and we think of the action in the war taking place in the first year from the invasion in june to the following spring. Backandforth up and down the peninsula the chinese entering , the war, etc. But the final two years were quite a bloody, grinding, trench warfare type of war and i not i am not surprised to hear that there were trucks going north with trips and ambulances coming south. Even that late in the war. In fact the chinese launched a , gigantic offensive as punishment to ree, within months of the end of the war. There was always during those days an attempt to gain one inch , more territory and so there was a lot of sniping and patrols and small attacks going on. Casualties continued day by day. Host hermann, let me go back to you. Are you still with us . Caller yes. Host so you were 19 years old at the time. What was going through your mind as you left the u. S. , traveled to korea, and became part of this conflict . What were you thinking personally . Caller well, i was in college and not doing well. I was at the university of North Carolina and after my junior year i dropped out and i had no choice either be drafted or enlist. They said if i enlisted i would not have to go to korea. [laughter] i enlisted for three years and i ended up there anyway. I was nonpolitical. You say 19 years old or whatever, i just had to do what i had to do, that was it. I never thought about the war in particular. Host thank you for calling from baltimore, maryland. A veteran of the korean war. Lets go to james joining us from michigan. Good morning. Caller good morning. Thank you for the book. My question is, in 1968 i was based in japan when the North Koreans seized the u. S. Pueblo. I met my wife of 51 years who was born in north korea in 1949. Over the years i had concluded she would not have been in south korea if General Macarthur had not disobeyed orders. [inaudible] host we are losing you. Caller if you could comment on the number of refugees who were able to get out of north korea. Host thank you. Making reference to his own wife whom he met in 1968. Caller i did not catch all of that, but he mentioned his wife. This is an interesting and sad situation. Kaesong, before the war, was in south korea and was much fought over, but in the end the demarcation line ends up in north korea. Kaesong is an old capital, loyal capital, of north korea. Old korea. You may note that it is also the center for the interkorean cooperation whenever it does happen. There is an industrial park. Four south korean industry for some ears, no longer, shut down, hopefully temporarily. Industries, north korean workers introduced to production. [indiscernible] the whole refugee story is just one of the great tragedies of the 20th century. The korean refugee story. It is estimated 10 million koreans were separated from their immediate family members. My featured individuals, my characters, have many examples of this. One is a young medical student in north korea who dodged the draft by the north once the war broke out. He was supposed to be drafted but his grandmother hid him away and eventually with all of this back and forth over the territory of north and south korea, he gets evacuated to south korea by sea and goes into the south korean army. When he left the north, this is when the chinese entered. The south korean army and the American Army had moved to deep into north korea including past his hometown, and he thought korea will now be unified. Then he returned from his hospital duty one day and sees the south korean army marching south. He asks a military policeman what is going on and he says, this is just a technical retreat, young man. For three days. So he goes home and tells his mother, i better leave. Because im a draft invader. I will be back in three days. So i should leave buti will be back in three days. This is just a typical example. He never saw his mother again. This was in late 1950 and this young medical student survived as a soldier in the south korean army. And he went hairraising experiences. He went on to medical school in the south and emigrated to california and became a wellknown cardiologist. In california. He was finally able to return to north korea in the 1980s, but by then his mother had died. The mother he told he would be back in three days. As i say there are so many , stories, so many heartbreaking stories, a family that thought they were temporarily separated and then find out it is for the rest of their lives. This is yet another little explored area of the tragic war. Host chronicled in the upcoming new book ghost flames and key figure in all of this, park sun yung. Can you explain . Guest she was a young mother in central south korea. She and fellow villagers were chased by american troops from their village as the americans were retreating. This is in july of 1950. They moved down the road and the encounter troops of the seventh cavalry regiment who made them leave the road and walk on the Railroad Tracks that parallel the road. And very quickly american planes came along and bombed this Refugee Group of several hundred people. Many were killed in this attack. Many then under a nearby concrete railroad bridge. A twin tunnel situation under a railroad bridge. The troops of the seventh cavalry regiment proceeded to machinegun these people. This is was the massacre that was not confirmed until half a century later in 1999. She lost her two children. Her twoyearold girl was killed immediately in the tunnel and the next night she tried to escape, park sunyoung, with her fouryearold boy and as the sun rose, an american soldier shot at them point blank. They could clearly see it was a mother and child. Killed the boy and badly wounded her. And then, in one of these inconsistencies of war the americans took her away to an Army Hospital and she recuperated. She had been separated from her husband who left earlier and gone farther south. It took weeks before they could reunite and try to make a new life back in their home village. Host let me make one final point because we only have about one minute left. This is another individual involved in the war, the korean war resulted in the integration of the armed forces, and james sharp reflecting on what he remembered from the conflict. [video clip] i have a photograph of that. I looked at it and i am the only africanamerican in my platoon. That would have been 120 people. 120 . I was the only africanamerican. When we arrived in fox company, second battalion, seventh marine, we had 5. Two of them were killed. At one time, we spent 83 days on line, which was an exceptional amount of time to be online. While you are on line, youre defending the trench line, but youre also out on patrol every night in front of you. So you cross your own barbed wire, cross your own minefields and go out and go out into the open areas in front of the line in order to protect it. Host from the Korean War Legacy Foundation, and again, joining from us florida is Charles Hanley. Bottom line, with only a half a minute left, what is the legacy of that conflict . Guest well, it clearly is the simple fact that the 38th parallel on the peninsula is probably the most tense, explosive piece of war on the road still, and we have a Nuclear North Korea at this point, as pointed earlier, essentially as a result about, and the need to establish a deterrent, and we have an American Occupation force, and American Allied force in the south as well, and it simply remains a tinderbox that we see almost every day along with the incidents that occur along the 38th parallel north and south. But also, it changed the United States into a permanently militarized nation. We fought many wars after that, it was the first undeclared war establishing a precedent for , every one that has followed, and it still is not the original peace. We are still at war technically on the peninsula, and so it really was a watershed moment in American History and global history. Host Charles Hanley is a Pulitzer Prizewinning reporter for the associated press, his book ghost flames life and death in a hidden war, korea 19501953, thank you very much for joining us on washington journal and on American History tv. Guest thank you. Were opted between north and south korea 70 years ago, on june 25, 1950. Thursday night, begin you 8 00 p. M. Eastern, American History tv in washington journal look back at the division of the country along the 38th parallel after world war ii. We also examined its role in the cold war and the conflict that led to the deaths of 36,000 americans between 1950 and 1953. Watch American History tv. Thursday night and over the weekend on cspan3. Cspans washington journal every day. We are taking your calls live on the air on the news of the day and discussing policy issues that impact you. Numbing up monday morning, the university of baltimore law professor emberley whaley on her new book about the history and future of voting in the u. S. And trump 2020 senior Legal Advisor jenna alice talks about campaign 20 and president trumps reelection strategy. Watch cspans washington journal live at seven eastern monday morning and before be sure to join the discussion with your phone calls, comments, textbook messages and tweets. The House Judiciary Committee met to work on its version of Police Reform legislation expected to be taken up at the house this week. During this part of the markup session, members debate and amendment offered by republican debbie lesko of arizona. It will withhold grant money from local governments that had permitted autonomous zones in their jurisdiction. You will hear references to seattles capitol hill autonomous zone also known as chaz. This portion is just under two hours. The gentlelady from washington said we should stop talking about her district and we would not want anyone talking about our district but there is no other autonomous zone in the country. There is this one districts where there is this chaz zone which the gentlelady described as a peaceful protest zone, and also autonomous zone where they watch movies, plant gardens and read poetry. The only thing that does not talk about is police had to retreat. The precinct building is now controlled by who knows who. It is not controlled by the police. That is the concern here. That is what this is about and that is why we support that gentlelady from arizonas amendment. I yield back but i know we have another